Lake Michigan Ice Age National Scenic Trail Corridor Plan Draft October 2006
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DRAFT ICE AGE NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL CORRIDOR PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR KEWAUNEE, MANITOWOC, AND SHEBOYGAN COUNTIES, WISCONSIN October, 2006 Prepared by: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Parks and Recreation National Park Service, Ice Age National Scenic Trail Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation Bay-Lake Regional Planning Commission PUB-PR-811 06 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Board Gerald M. O'Brien, Chair Christine L. Thomas, Vice Chair Jonathan P. Ela, Secretary David Clausen Howard D. Poulson John W. Welter Stephen D. Willett Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707-7921 This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape, etc.) upon request. Please call 608-266-2181 for more information. You can also view this document on the Web at: http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/ PUB-PR-811 06 Acknowledgments Lake Michigan Corridor Ice Age Trail Planning Team Lake Michigan Corridor Ice Age Trail Core Planning Team Jean Potter Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation Jeffrey Prey WDNR - Bureau of Parks and Recreation Mark Walter Bay Lake Regional Planning Agency Pam Schuler National Park Service Mary Tano National Park Service Lake Michigan Corridor Ice Age Trail Guidance / Oversight Team Peter Biermeier WDNR - Bureau of Parks and Recreation Tom Gilbert National Park Service Christine Thisted Ice Age Park and Trail Foundation Lake Michigan Ice Age National Scenic Trail Corridor Plan Draft October 2006 Table of Contents Executive Summary – Lake Michigan Ice Age National Scenic Trail Corridor Plan .................... 5 Chapter One – Purpose, Significance, and Need for Action for the Ice Age National Scenic Trail through Kewaunee, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan Counties ............................................................ 8 Purpose Statement ....................................................................................................................... 8 Significance Statement................................................................................................................ 8 Need Statement ........................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter Two – Background and History of Ice Age Trail Corridor Planning in Kewaunee, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan Counties........................................................................................... 11 Chapter Three – Description of Corridor Planning Alternatives and Preferred Action ............... 13 Alternative One: “No-Action” Alternative ............................................................................... 14 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated ................................................................................... 15 Alternative Two: “Preferred” Alternative (Proposed Corridor) ............................................... 16 Location and Description of Lake Michigan Ice Age Trail Corridor in Kewaunee, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan Counties ........................................................................................................... 17 Chapter Four – The Corridor’s Affected Environment ................................................................. 28 A. Corridor’s Physical Resources ............................................................................................. 28 Geology ................................................................................................................................. 28 Soils....................................................................................................................................... 29 Water Resources ................................................................................................................... 29 Visual Resources ................................................................................................................... 29 B. Corridor’s Biological Resources .......................................................................................... 30 Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................. 30 Wildlife ................................................................................................................................. 31 C. Corridor’s Cultural Resources .............................................................................................. 36 Historic/Cultural and Archeological Resources.................................................................... 36 Archeological Sites ............................................................................................................... 37 D. Corridor’s Socio-Economic Resources ................................................................................ 38 Communities and Businesses ................................................................................................ 38 Land Use and Land Ownership ............................................................................................. 39 Recreation Resources ............................................................................................................ 40 Chapter Five – Corridor Impact Analysis ..................................................................................... 45 Impacts Common to Both Alternatives..................................................................................... 45 Differences Between Alternatives ............................................................................................ 45 Scenic and Recreational Values ............................................................................................ 45 Efficient Use of Resources .................................................................................................... 45 Threatened/Endangered Species and Cultural Resources ..................................................... 46 Issues Identified and Analyzed In This Corridor Assessment and Environmental Assessment46 A. Impacts to Physical Resources ............................................................................................. 47 Geology ................................................................................................................................. 47 Soils....................................................................................................................................... 47 Water Resources ................................................................................................................... 48 Air Quality ............................................................................................................................ 49 Visual Resources ................................................................................................................... 49 Lake Michigan Ice Age National Scenic Trail Corridor Plan Draft Ocotber 2006 B. Impacts to Biological Resources .......................................................................................... 50 Ecosystem Impacts................................................................................................................ 50 Threatened and Endangered Species .................................................................................... 51 Invasive Species .................................................................................................................... 51 C. Impacts to Historic/Cultural and Archeological Resources ................................................. 52 D. Impacts to Socio-Economic Resources ................................................................................ 52 Communities and Businesses ................................................................................................ 52 Land Use and Land Ownership ............................................................................................. 53 Recreation Resources ............................................................................................................ 54 Impacts to Other Recreational Resources ............................................................................. 55 Impacts to Public Health ....................................................................................................... 56 Fiscal Impacts to Local Government .................................................................................... 56 Fiscal Effects to State Government....................................................................................... 57 E. Summary of Cumulative Impacts ......................................................................................... 59 Chapter Six – Public Involvement, Consultation, and Coordination ............................................ 61 Public Involvement ................................................................................................................... 61 Consultation for Preparation of Environmental Assessment .................................................... 63 Agencies and Individuals Contacted: .................................................................................... 63 Compliance with the Wisconsin Environmental Policy Act ..................................................... 64 Definition of Terms....................................................................................................................... 66 Table of Tables Table 4-1: Kewaunee County Corridor State Listed Rare Species