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Induced Diabetic Rats Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol 18(1), January 2019, pp 34-40 Anti-hyperglycaemic study of Eladi Churna in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats Komal Bansal1,#, KRC Reddy*,1,+ & Anshuman Trigunayat2 1Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India; 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail: [email protected]; #[email protected] Received 03 May 2018; revised 12 November 2018 Diabetes mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with a frequent occurrence of Type II diabetes as compared to Type I. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of a classical herbomineral preparation Eladi Churna in STZ induced Type II diabetic rats. Thirty adult charles foster albino rats were allocated in to five groups with six animals in each group: Group I (Control Group), Group II (Diabetic control group without any medication), group III (Standard drug Glibenclamide at 1mg/kg of body weight), group IV (Eladi Churna at 300 mg/kg of body weight), group V (Eladi Churna at 600 mg/kg of body weight). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose level of 35mg/kg. The whole study was conducted for 28 days. The animals were examined for blood glucose levels on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days respectively and other biochemical parameters such as serum cholestrol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, SGOT, SGPT were evaluated on day 0 and 28, respectively. The results showed that a gradual reduction in blood glucose level was assessed on administration of Eladi Churna at two different dose levels. But it was more significant at dose level of 600 mg/kg as p<0.05 with a mean±SD value of 107.34±2.67 on day 28 as compared to mean±SD value of 494.40±43.99 on day 3 (after induction of diabetes mellitus). And the results were almost analogous to potent antidiabetic drug glibenclamide with a mean±SD value of 95.44±7.44 on day 28. And the drug was also responsible for maintenance of alterations in other biochemical parameters, associated with diabetes mellitus, thus depicting its potent anti hyperglycaemic and hypolipidaemic actions. Keywords: Antihyperglycaemic, Diabetes mellitus, Eladi Churna, Streptozotocin. IPC Code: Int. Cl.18 A61K 31/427, A61K 38/00, A61K 36/00, A61K 38/00 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome mellitus and is taking place both in developed and characterized by hyperglycaemia due to disturbances developing nations and meticulously in India. The in carbohydrates, proteins and fats metabolism diabetic burden in India mainly relates to adoption of resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin western lifestyle and dietary habits. Health experts are action or both. Diabetes mellitus is not new to 21st alarmed because the onset of Type II diabetes mellitus century rather it was widely known problem since tends to affect peoples in the west in 40 and 50 yrs of 1000 BC1. Globally an estimated 422 million adults age group, but the disease strikes Indians even in were living with diabetes in 2014, compared to young age. Type II diabetes mellitus currently affects 108 million in 1980. The global prevalence (age- about 26 million peoples in the U.S. and more than standardized) of diabetes has nearly doubled since 382 million peoples worldwide. As many as 79 million 1980, rising from 4.7% to 8.5% in the adult adults in the U.S. have “pre-diabetes” and are at high population2. WHO projects that diabetes will be the risk of developing Type II diabetes mellitus4. Diabetes 7th leading cause of death in 2030. China, India and Mellitus is not a disease rather it is a syndrome leads to USA are amongst the top three countries with a high disturbance in normal physiological conditions of body number of diabetic populations3. The diabetes and incessant malfunctioning related with glucose epidemic relates particularly to Type II diabetes consumption. The treatment of diabetes mellitus don’t rely only upon the reduction of blood glucose levels —————— *Corresponding author but also to cope up with the complications associated BANSAL et al.: ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC POTENTIAL OF ELADI CHURNA IN STZ INDUCED DIABETIC RATS 35 with the increased blood glucose levels7. Though a Deenanath (Raw drug market), Varanasi. All the wide range of antidiabetic drugs are available in collected crude drugs were pharmacognostically contemporary science but even then people desire to identified and confirmed in the Department of pivot on herbal drugs as they carry very little or no side Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU. The effects if administered in a prescribed way, i.e., right collected herbal drugs were cleaned and dried in the dose to be taken on right time with right adjuvant as sunlight. The dried plant materials were then rightly advised by the physician. Ayurvedic herbal and grounded into fine powder form by using mechanical herbomineral formulations, a combination of multiple pulverizer in Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Banaras Hindu ingredients with multidimensional approach carry the University, Varanasi, India. Mineral ingredient competence to target the multiple etiology in diabetes Shilajit was procured from Dabur India Limited, mellitus like insulin management in β cells of pancreas, Kaushambi, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad (U.P.) and its utilization of blood glucose by peripheral tissues, physico-chemical assessment was done in the inhibit gluconeogenesis from liver cells, etc. with the Department of Rasa-Shastra and Bhaishajya help of therapeutic properties of individual ingredients Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU. After as well as synergistic effect of other ingredients used in authentication, Shodhana of Shilajit was done and the formulation5. kept for dryness. After complete drying, it was Eladi Churna, one of the classical herbomineral grounded in to fine powder form by end runner. formulations has been mentioned as Prameha Afterwards all the powdered ingredients i.e. herbal Rogahara by Acharya Vallabhacharya in the and mineral drugs were mixed properly to prepare treatise Vaidya Chintamani (15th Century). Eladi Eladi Churna. Churna contains four ingredients in equal proportion (Ela- Elettaria cardamomum L., Pippali- Piper longum Experimental Animals L., Pashanbheda- Bergenia lingulata Wall., Shilajit- Thirty adult charles foster albino rats with an Asphalatum punjabinum)6. Prameha or Madhumeha average weight of 180±20 gm and with either sex (a type of Prameha) can be correlated with Diabetes were selected for this study. The animals were mellitus on account of prodromal symptoms, clinical obtained from the Central Animal House, IMS, BHU, symptoms and complications associated with the both. Varanasi. The animals were housed in suitable cages The anti-hyperglycaemic potential of individual and acclimatized for about one week. All the rats ingredients of Eladi Churna has been validated through were freely allowed to eat pellet chow (obtained from many scientific research. The purpose of this research Amrut Laboratory Animal Feed, Pranav Agro was to experimentally assess the anti-hyperglycaemic Industries Limited, Sangali) and water ad libitum effect of Eladi Churna in Streptozotocin-induced during the study period. The study was conducted diabetic rats and to compare it with glibenclamide after getting approval from Institutional Animal as a reference standard. Clinically used glibenclamide Ethical Committee (No. Dean/2016/CAEC/47) of (a sulphonylurea drug) is known to lower the serum BHU and the principles of laboratory animal care as glucose by stimulating β-cells to release insulin. per NIH guidelines were followed continuously 8 during the whole study . Materials and Methods Experimental design Chemicals The study was conducted in the animal house of Streptozotocin was sponsored by Department of the Department of Pharmacology, IMS, BHU. Thirty Rasa-Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of animals were erratically allocated in to five groups Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), Banaras with six animals in each group namely group I Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, wherein the (Normal Control), group II (Diabetic Control without chemical was purchased from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. any medicines), group III (Standard drug Ltd. Dindori, Nasik, India. And glibenclamide, used as Glibenclamide 1mg/kg of body weight), group IV standard anti-diabetic agent, was purchased from (Eladi Churna 300 mg/kg of body weight), group V Emcure SANOFI, trade name Daonil in India. (Eladi Churna 600 mg/kg of body weight). Procurement of drugs and preparation of Churna Considering adult dose of Churna Kalpana with The herbal ingredients of Eladi Churna, i.e., Ela, reference to various Churnas mentioned in AFI, Pippali and Pashanbheda, were procured from Gola 3-6 gm of human adult dose of Eladi Churna was 36 INDIAN J TRADIT KNOWLE, JANUARY 2019 converted in to animal dose based on the body surface Statistical analysis area ratio using the table of Paget and Barnes 1969 Results were expressed as mean±standard (Human adult dose × Body surface area ratio deviation of mean by using statistical software SPSS convertible factor i.e. 0.018) And human dose of version 16.0. All statistical comparisons between the glibenclamide is given as 10 mg OD9 and the suitable groups were made by means of One Way ANOVA dose for rats was calculated by referring to table of (Analysis of Variance) with post hoc multiple 10 Paget and Barnes . comparison test. Within the group comparison was The rats were kept on fasting overnight prior to done by paired ‘t’ test. The p value < 0.05 was STZ administration day. STZ solution was induced in regarded as statistically significant and < 0.01, < rats of group II, group III, group IV and group V at a 0.001 were taken as statistically highly significant. dose of 35 mg/kg through insulin syringes as it has been depicted through various researches that STZ at Results a lower dose is known to resemble Type II diabetic Modulatory effects of medications on model and does not kill pancreatic β cells.
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