9

the Journal THE FITZWILLIAM JOURNAL 9

Fitzwilliam College Storey’s Way, Cambridge, CB3 0DG, UK Registered Charity No. 1137496 www.fitz.cam.ac.uk The Fitzwilliam Journal Ex antiquis et novissimis optima

Volume XIV, No 6 2019

For all Students and Fellows, Past and Present

The Master’s Letter 2 Contents College News 4 The Bursar’s Notes 12 The New Middle Combination Room 18 Fitzwilliam History – The Non-Collegiate Beginnings of Fitzwilliam 22 Fitzwilliam History Books 27 Library News 28 Chapel News 29 Master and Fellows of the College 31 Recent Elections and Appointments 34 Undergraduate Matriculation 39 Graduate Matriculation 40 The Senior Tutor’s Report 41 College Statistics 42 Academic Awards and Prizes 43 General Admission 47 Doctoral Dissertations Approved 48 The Junior Combination Room 49 The Middle Combination Room 51 Academic Societies 53 College Music and Drama 56 College Sport 62 Development Office News 69 Celebration of the 150th Anniversary 70 London Dinner 73 September Reunion Weekend 74 Graduate Alumni Gathering 78 Golden Matriculants’ Reunion 79 News of Members 80 In Memoriam 83 The Fitzwilliam Society 93 College Information 100

Cover photographs by the Editor, Dr J.R.A. Cleaver: R.B. Somerset, first Censor of Non-Collegiate Students The new Middle Combination Room

1 Martin Bond Martin Where did first-year UK undergraduates come from in 2019? Fitzwilliam Journal Fitzwilliam The College motto ex antiquis et novissimis optima – the Michaelmas Term has seen a range of excellent events has seen a range of excellent events Michaelmas Term best of the old and the new – holds true. While we are the College is firmly rooted in our values and our history, moving forward. Fitzwilliam students flourish, achieving strong academic results. A total of 126 undergraduates were awarded Firsts this last summer – a record amount. 73% of our home Freshers are from state schools and 16% come from areas shown to be very deprived (according to the Multiple Index of Deprivation). Fitzwilliam is at the forefront of delivering on the University’s drive to widen access and, as the above statistics demonstrate, our commitment to widening participation goes hand in hand of are also celebrating one with academic success. We the highest-ever number of first-choice applications this are confident that we can continue to encourage We year. applications from a variety of backgrounds, accept a broad that reflect this diversity and I have been particularly that reflect this diversity and I have been invigorated by some of the lectures and talks I have Foundation attended. A highlight for me was this year’s College Lecture, delivered in November by Fitzwilliam Studies in and Director of Tutor Graduate Fellow, Professor Bhaskar Vira. In a talk that ranged Geography, his from the Fens to the Himalayas, Bhaskar shared come with thoughts about the difficult choices that on a local balancing the needs of humans and nature and global level. In October there were flash talks by presentationsFitzwilliam PhD students. These six-minute semiconductor from 11 current postgraduates ranged from of West physics to Polar studies and the modern politics intellect, and Bengal to brain science. The enthusiasm, potential impact was thought-provoking and infectious; a great advert for Fitzwilliam’s large postgraduate cohort. the Fellows’ Lecture Evening (an event we hold Similarly, each term) featured presentations from two of our five Research Fellows: Dr Cora Uhlemann, whose research is and Dr Benedict Wiedemann, in the field of Cosmology, who is a Medieval Historian – again providing an evening that was stimulating and fun. to summarise the past for the Journal to summarise It is convention at Fitzwilliam on but, having arrived academic year instead on my first I would like to comment 1 October, busy one and I can confirm It has been a term as Master. of my arrival – Fitzwilliam what I was told in advance welcoming College. I’ve been is indeed a special and lively engagement of all of our very impressed by the alumni, staff,members: current students, and Fellows. make-up and I think we derive The College has a diverse benefit from having a wide range a significant mutual of different backgrounds and of people from all sorts in our academic and community geographies involved the home locations of this year’s life. The map showing our reach cohort of new undergraduates demonstrates have been joined around the UK, and is good to see. We this term by Research Fellow Dr Cléo Chassonnery- Oldroyd, Zaïgouche and new Fellows Professor Giles Dr Jean-Michel Johnston, Professor Srinivasan Keshav, Ms Stevie Martin, Dr Pedro Mendes Loureiro, Olenka Pevny Dr Christelle Abadie, Dr Sarah Kolopp, Dr and Dr Céline Vidal. the master’s letter the master’s

2019 2 Martin Bond

The Vice-Chancellor addresses the Access and Widening Participation Conference (p.7) group of students and help them succeed. There is more to do, of course, but this is a shared ambition at the College on which we make steady progress. I have been very impressed by the way that our Martin Bond undergraduate and postgraduate students thrive and take advantage of the array of wider opportunities available to them in College and throughout the University. This means that, although undeniably they work hard, they also make time to enjoy themselves and develop hugely. Whether through music or sport, drama or debating there are many students involved in driving for excellence or enjoying new activities. (I gather mixed netball can get a bit rough!) Michaelmas term also brings the 2018–2019 audited accounts, and we have had a successful year and are confident about the future of Fitzwilliam as we enter a new decade. Inevitably there are challenges ahead, including raising funds to refurbish student accommodation, investment in IT, and the provision of wider support services. These College financial pressures The Master at the Access and Widening Participation Conference need to be seen against a continuing backdrop of economic and political uncertainty. There are potential concerns in relation to future research funding, HE This is Dr John Cleaver’s final issue of the Fitzwilliam government funding, and the attraction of academics, Journal before he steps down as Editor. I would like to say a non-teaching staff, and students. The continuing dispute huge thank-you to John for his dedication – his first issue around the USS pension scheme is indicative of pressures as Editor was published in March 2005 (Volume XII, No 1) in the system which are both understandable and difficult and it has continued to develop substantially since then. to resolve. Talented academic staff are the bedrock of This is, of course, also the final year of Andrew Powell’s both Fitzwilliam and the University, and the competition tenure as Bursar. He will be much missed by me and by for talent is international. The College will continue to everyone at Fitzwilliam, and his is a hard act to follow. I play its part in explaining this, and in developing the next know I speak on behalf of all the College in expressing generation of graduates who are ready to help grapple heartfelt thanks to him. with national and global challenges. BARONESS (SALLY) MORGAN OF HUYTON

3 The Master in conversation with the Vice-Chancellor, Professor Stephen Toope The Master in conversation with the Vice-Chancellor, Fellow of the College since 1991, became a Life Fellow the became a Life Fellow College since 1991, Fellow of the for former Masters, she also next day. As is customary Fellowship. She continues was elected to an Honorary and Penal Justice at the Law as Professor of Criminal Cambridge, and has substantial Faculty, University of coming years, most notably into research plans for the release of prisoners from – and how the system for the works in practice, and how it is their recall to – prison This provides a contribution to perceived by offenders. how offenders are best supported the understanding of from criminal life-styles, in their attempts to desist the rehabilitation and and how better to encourage resettlement of offenders. Professor Padfield held a full series of Master’s Conversations of current through the year, covering an extensive range she discussed and controversial topics. To start the year, with Sarah Rainsford (MML 1992), BBC Correspondent for Russia, her book, Our Woman in Havana: Reporting Castro’s Cuba (published in September 2018 by Oneworld). This was followed by the question Does protecting the environment alleviate poverty?, with Professor Julia Jones (Bangor University). more local,In the Lent term the conversations turned to Vice-Chancellor,but no less intractable, current issues. The the natureProfessor Stephen Toope, came in to discuss , as well as hisand challenges of Leading a Global University human-rightscareer in Canada and his previous role as a lawyer. The question Sexual harassment – is the University (and the College) doing enough? was discussed with Sarah of Studentd’Ambrumenil, Head of the University’s Office O’Leary, theConduct, Complaints & Appeals, and Amy University’s Sexual Assault & Harassment Advisor. College *** ***

The Master transition in the Mastership, asOctober 2019 marks another succeeds Professor Nicola PadfieldBaroness Sally Morgan of Fitzwilliam College. to become the ninth Master Morgan of Huyton, studied Sally Morgan, Baroness University, and then completed Geography at Durham a PGCE at King’s College postgraduate qualifications: The Institute of Education, London, and an MA at University of London. she entered After teaching in London secondary schools, senior positions politics. Between 1997 and 2005 she held State in the at 10 Downing Street and was a Minister of in the House of Cabinet Office. Made a Life Peer in 2001, on Digital Lords she has chaired the Select Committee on Science Skills, and is a member of the Select Committee and Technology. of the Council A former Chair of Ofsted, she is Vice-Chair educational of King’s College London, and advisor to the experience of charity ARK. Baroness Morgan brings deep challenges the educational sector, and of the particular the Royal of widening participation. She is Chair of Trust and has a Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation and the range of board experience in business, charities public sector. the Professor Nicola Padfield stepped down from she had been a Mastership on 30 September 2019 and, as COLLEGE NEWS COLLEGE JRAC

2019 4 JRAC

A musical illustration during the Master's Conversation with Humphrey Burton

Turning from controversy, Professor Padfield talked to to issues of inequality, including inequality in access to alumnus and Honorary Fellow Humphrey Burton CBE education, inequality in access to health, inequality in about the life and works of the American composer, political access, as well as income inequality. conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist Leonard Bernstein. Musical illustrations from Bernstein’s works were provided by members of the College Music Society. JRAC See also p.56 and p.82.

Honorary Fellows and Fellow Benefactors Professor Sir Angus Deaton received the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the University of Cambridge on 19 June 2019. Professor Deaton read Mathematics and Economics at Fitzwilliam from 1964, received his doctorate in 1974, and was a Fellow of the College from 1972 to 1976; he has been an Honorary Fellow since 2009. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2015 – becoming Fitzwilliam’s sixth Nobel Prize winner. He is the Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of Economics and International Affairs Emeritus at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Economics Department at Princeton University. On the day before the ceremony, Professor Deaton spoke to College members and guests in the Gordon Cameron Lecture Theatre, and there was a celebratory dinner in Hall.

The previous month The Institute for Fiscal Studies had Professor Deaton talking with members of the College, announced that Professor Deaton would be leading a before receiving his honorary degree five-year review into inequality in the United Kingdom in the 21st century. The review will take a broad approach ***

5 *** *** The Advisory Group is expected to deliver its final report to deliver its final report Group is expected The Advisory 2021. in autumn to the Vice-Chancellor the elected a Fellow of Langley has been Professor Robin Royal Academy of Engineering. one of two nominees commended Dr Angie Tavernor was category in the Cambridge in the Student Support (CUSU) 2019 Student-Led University Students Union Paul Hoegger and Dr Robert Teaching Awards. Mr shortlisted in this category. Abayasekara also were in 2017 and is a Life Fellow, Dr Sean Holly, who retired a five-year term as a Governor of has been appointed to for Economic and Social Research. the National Institute economic Founded in 1938, it undertakes research into and social issues and policies. year, ten Around the start of the 2019–2020 academic Four new members of the Fellowship were admitted. Dr Christelle of them previously had been Bye-Fellows: Sociology; Dr Abadie in Engineering; Dr Sarah Kolopp in Vidal in Olenka Pevny in Slavonic Studies; and Dr Céline Physical Geography. Dr Jean- Fellows directly elected into the College were: Loureiro Michel Johnston in History; Dr Pedro Mendes late in the in Politics (he had been elected and admitted A Research spring of 2019); and Dr Stevie Martin in Law. Fellowship was awarded to Dr Cléo Chassonnery- Michaelmas Zaïgouche, in Economics. At the start of the Srinivasan term, Professor Giles Oldroyd and Professor Computer Keshav, respectively in Crop Science and in Science, were elected to Fellowships. Biographies of the new Fellows are on p.34. Dr David Winters, who was Isaac Newton Trust Rutherford Research Fellow in English from 2017, received his PhD in March 2019. The University of Durham has appointed him Assistant Professor in American Literature, and therefore he has resigned his Research Fellowship. Former Fellows Dr Iris Möller (Fellow 2000–2015), has been appointed to a Chair in Geography at Trinity College Dublin. She works in coastal geomorphology, focusing on bio- physical interactions in the intertidal zone, long-term coastal morphodynamics, nature-based coastal defence solutions, and the response of coastal systems to climate change. Professor David Knowles (Fellow 1997–2002) has been appointed CEO of the Henry Royce Institute from February 2019. The Fellows The academic In the annual round of promotions to senior from posts there were two appointments, with effect appointed to a 1 October 2019. Dr Christos Genakos was Judge Business Readership in Economics and Policy, in the Julia Guarneri, School. In the same promotions round Dr a Senior in the Faculty of History, was appointed to Lectureship. from the Dr Kenneth Platts retired in September 2019 which Fellowship that he had held since 1995, during and in he taught and directed studies in Engineering Manufacturing, and was elected to a Life Fellowship. Dr Enrico Crema ceased to be a Fellow at the end of September 2019, but he will continue as a University Lecturer in the Department of Archaeology, where he is the Principal Investigator for a €1.5m 2018 European Research Council grant, investigating demography, cultural change, and the diffusion of rice and millet during the Jomon-Yayoi transition in prehistoric Japan. In accordance with the annual rotation amongst the colleges, the Governing Body nominated Francis Knights to a position on the body of Proctors for the year 2018– 2019. He served as Junior Pro-Proctor (p.45), and so for 2019–2020 is the Junior Proctor. Professor Martin Millett, Laurence Professor of Classical Archaeology, is chairing a special eight-person Advisory Group mandated to find appropriate ways publicly to acknowledge past links to slavery, and to address its impact. Two full-time postdoctoral researchers will be based in the Centre of African Studies, and will examine specific gifts, bequests and historical connections with the slave trade, and any contributions to scholarship and learning that underpinned slavery and other forms of coerced labour. The Rt Hon Sir David Kitchin QC (1970; Honorary Fellow (1970; Honorary Fellow Sir David Kitchin QC The Rt Hon Supreme Court with was appointed to the since 2012) David was called to the 1 October 2018. Sir effect from his particular interest taking silk in 1994; Bar in 1977, and became Senior Judge of was in intellectual property, He was appointed as a Lord the Patents Court in 2007. He sat as one of the eleven Justice of Appeal in 2011. who reached a unanimous verdict Supreme-Court judges of proroguing Parliament in regarding the inadmissibility September 2019. has elected Lady Julia Olisa as an 1869 The Governing Body husband, Sir Kenneth Olisa, has Fellow Benefactor. Her since 2012. been an 1869 Fellow Benefactor Society of the In October 2018, the Economics and Finance (Economics College invited Honorary Fellow Sharon White to talk on 1985) and currently Chief Executive of Ofcom, Women in Economics: Stuck in First Gear? Sharon is the first the first black female CEO of Ofcom, and previously was position of person and the second woman to hold the pp.81 & 82. Permanent Secretary at the Treasury. See also

2019 6 The Bye-Fellows JRAC In the annual round of promotions to senior academic posts Dr Timothy Williams, in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, was appointed to a Senior Lectureship with effect from 1 October 2019.

From October 2019 several new Bye-Fellows have been appointed, and their biographies are on p.36.

The new Domestic Bursar, Alan Fuller, who took up office at the start of November 2019, has been appointed to a Bye-Fellowship. His biography is on p.38.

We congratulate Dr Sabine Schneider, who became a Bye-Fellow during the last year, on her election to the Rank-Manning Junior Research Fellowship at New College, Oxford. She took up the post in 1 October 2019. Other Bye-Fellowships have come to an end, and The Master opens the conference on Access and Widening Participation we thank their holders for their contributions to the College, some over many years: Professor Richard Marks (Keeper of the Works of Art, see also p.11); Dr Marco JRAC Geraci (Economics); Dr Benson Leung (Economics); Dr Carla Mulas (Medicine); and Dr Shyane Siriwardena (Philosophy).

Access and Outreach The establishment of the Non-Collegiate Students Board in 1869 (p.22), to provide access to a Cambridge education for students who would not have afforded College fees, led to Fitzwilliam Hall, to Fitzwilliam House, and ultimately to Fitzwilliam College. Thus it was highly appropriate that the culmination of the 150th anniversary year celebrations should have been an Access and Widening Participation Conference, on Saturday 14 September. The whole-day conference attracted 120 attendees, ranging from Fitzwilliam students and staff, past and present, to charity representatives, academics and university leaders, teachers, and key alumni supporters. The Vice-Chancellor at the Access and Widening Participation Conference JRAC

The Senior Tutor opens the session on Dispelling the Myths about Cambridge Entry

7 *** at centre Professor Graham Virgo, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Education at centre Professor Graham Virgo, Pro-Vice-Chancellor Undergraduate Jack Bailey (Law 2018) was an invited Undergraduate Jack Bailey (Law 2018) was Launch Event speaker at the Welsh Government’s SEREN Welsh students in Cardiff in July 2019 to encourage other in the Welsh to get into top universities (‘seren’ is ‘star’ that he himself language), thereby passing on the support breaking had received whilst at school. He talked about barriers down the preconceptions of privilege and Universities, affecting getting into Oxford and Cambridge proud Welsh people. He was possibilities for the about and Cambridge, and ‘to say with confidence and sincerity that on access to Fitzwilliam in particular, is setting the pace ever before to higher education and is working harder than and has ensure that the access work they do is meaningful substantive outcomes’. On the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, 11 February 2019, Fitzwilliam MCR and the Development Office joined forces to celebrate some of the women in science in College and the wider community, and to inspire others to follow in their footsteps. Dr Cora Uhlemann hosted a panel of inspiring speakers from hugely varied fields of science – with hugely varying female representation, from veterinary medicine, which is female- dominated, to computer science and physics, where barely 25% of the workforce is female. The panel contained both academics and practitioners: Dr Christelle Abadie (Fitzwilliam Bye-Fellow, and Department of Engineering); Dr Kanwal Bhatia (Lead Data Scientist, Visulytix); Alex Jenkin (Project Manager, Science and Plants for Schools); Dr Lizzie Radford (Academic Clinical Fellow in Paediatrics, Department of Medicine). One thread ran through this inspiring evening: the course is rarely straightforward, but people should follow their instincts and pursue what makes them happy and – with hard work, self-belief and the taking of opportunities – things may work out! Sir Kenneth Olisa makes a point in the session considering barriers to the admission of diverse candidates; barriers to the admission of diverse candidates; Sir Kenneth Olisa makes a point in the session considering *** Jack Bailey addressing the SEREN event in Cardiff

Access and widening participation for Fitzwilliam means Access and widening participation for Fitzwilliam them to admitting the brightest students and supporting motivation succeed to their potential, and the College’s interested in holding the event was to bring together The parties to learn together how to improve practices. presentations Master concluded ‘We had some powerful pudding and challenging debates. The proof of the very real is in the eating; please help us build on our of the commitment to ensuring admission to students of social, racial, highest intellectual potential, irrespective course we religious, and financial considerations. Of want to practise what we preach.’ The Vice-Chancellor, and Professor Stephen Toope, closed the conference to build reinforced this message, stressing a determination and beyond. on the day’s discourse across the University, JRAC

2019 8 Dr Cora Uhlemann and the panel on the International Day of Women and Girls in Science

*** Junior Members The University is setting up a pilot programme for its Fitzwilliam undergraduate Hassan Raja (History 2018) Transition Year scheme, which aims to provide talented has produced and displayed online a series of portraits of students from a background of educational disadvantage Pakistani men studying in Cambridge. The inspiring project, with teaching, support, and guidance to raise their The Pakistani Men of Cambridge, was created to highlight attainment level and thereby to enable them to succeed in their achievements and academic talents, with the aim of admission to leading universities, including Cambridge. redirecting the negative media image of Pakistani men. By It is planned that the scheme will take its first students in providing positive media representation, he sought also to 2021. Its Course Director is Dr Alex Pryce, and we are very disseminate positive role models to which young Pakistanis pleased to be able to welcome her to Fitzwilliam as a Bye- could aspire – rather than being so often being portrayed Fellow. Her biography is on p.38. in the context of criminality. By photographing young Pakistani men against the backdrop of their Cambridge colleges, Hassan hopes to make normal the idea that they are capable of obtaining places at these institutions.

Second-year postgraduate Kate Derkach (Applied Linguistics 2017) will be shortly recording her first album Matt McGeehan after raising more than £2,000 through crowdfunding.

Hassan Raja with photographs of The Pakistani Men of Cambridge Kate Derkach on display in the College Hall

9 JRAC Professor Paul Muldoon delivers the Foundation Lecture Kate now has more than 50 original tracks in her more than 50 original Kate now has accompaniment – – all with her own piano repertoire Originally from the name Kate Lucid. under her stage in Oxford. took her Masters Ukraine, Kate 2018) has participated in many Craig Rogers (Biology the summer. He won the Ian cycling road races over Race, finished second at the Mountain Memorial Road Race, and finished sixth in Wales’ Cold Dark North Road Climb – recently been recognised gruelling Harlech ‘Hell’ in the world. With each race Craig as the steepest climb awareness of the charity Cardiac has also been raising heart tests for Risk in the Young, which offers subsidised with particular reference to those people aged 14 to 35, participating in sport. to celebrate The undergraduates buried a time capsule letters by the the 150th anniversary. Its contents included memories from Master, and by students, and a selection of plan is for alumni, as well as assorted memorabilia. The time, on the the time capsule to be dug up in 50 years’ 200th anniversary. FoundationThe Lecture In the 2018 Foundation Lecture, A Feast and a Famine: James Joyce’s ‘The Dead’ Honorary Fellow Professor Paul Muldoon , including traced some of the unlikely sources of The Dead in the a tale of cannibalism set in the California Sierras great Irish 1840s – a period exactly coinciding with the a further famine, in which about one million died and million emigrated. Poppy Blackshaw burying the time capsule

JCR President Ellie Brain and JCR Academic Affairs Executive JCR President Ellie Brain and JCR Academic Affairs Executive

Craig Rogers winning the Ian Mountain Memorial Road Race

Matt McGeehan Matt Kieran Metcalfe Photography Metcalfe Kieran

2019 10 JRAC

Arrol Adam lecture by Professor Paul Seabright

School of Economics and is Director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse; his undergraduate and doctoral studies were at Oxford, where he was a Fellow of All Souls, and in Cambridge he was a Fellow of Churchill. Arrol Adam lecture by Professor Richard Marks The Arrol Adam Lectures were set up in memory of William Arrol Adam, who read Chemistry at Fitzwilliam The Arrol Adam Fund Hall in 1905 and died in 1939. It was the stated intention The Arrol Adam Fund supports both a lecture series of the bequest, made in 1962 by his widow Jane Wylie and literary prizes for students. In 2019, the Arrol Adam Adam, to disseminate knowledge, promote discussion of Committee awarded the Fiction First Prize to Diana issues of general interest and concern, and to foster the Paulding and the Second Prize to Peter Wynch. The joint use of plain and simple English. First Prize winners of the Poetry Prize were Corinne Clark and Tanya Brown. There was no prize winner for the Essay Staff competition. In the Catering Managers’ Culinary Competition, Mr Richard Wayman (Executive Head Chef) won the Professor Richard Marks (Keeper of Works of Art for International Street Food Challenge, Ms Naomi Spaxman the College) lectured on medieval English stained glass, (Chef de Partie) achieved bronze medal standard in the and in particular on the ways in which it was funded – Coffee Shop Cake class, and the team of Mr Anthony commonly by bequests, motivated both to encourage Brock (Sous Chef), Ms Spaxman and Mr Paul Jefferies prayer for the well-being of their benefactors’ souls and (Catering Assistant) achieved bronze-medal standard in to manifest their social status. The subject of this lecture the Cook and Serve event. is also the theme of a forthcoming book that will assess the contribution of wills to the understanding of medieval The College has supported two of its gardening team piety, patronage and commissioning. through an apprenticeship scheme in association with the College of West Anglia. Camellia Manzoori and The second Arrol Adam Lecture of the year was given Nick Squires have now both successfully completed the by Professor Paul Seabright, on Understanding religious Work-based Horticulture Apprenticeship (Level 3) while organisations as competing platforms: what has happened to working full-time at Fitzwilliam. religion in the world since the Second World War? He argued that the changes in the number of Muslims and of Also in the gardens, the College has signed up to the Christians depended both on demographic factors and Hedgehog Friendly Campus initiative, which seeks to on the absorption of local and folk religions, rather raise awareness of the difficulties facing hedgehogs due than on conversions between the major religions. to habitat loss – since 2000, their numbers have fallen by Professor Seabright teaches Economics at the Toulouse around 50% in rural areas and 30% in towns and cities.

11 JRAC College houses – concentrating accommodation in larger units: 110, 112 & 114 Huntingdon Road Back in 2010, as a newcomer, it felt to me as though Back in 2010, as a newcomer, it felt to me Looking back at the first entry I made in the 2010–2011 Looking back at the first

Fitzwilliam was still a little apologetic for itself within Fitzwilliam was still a little apologetic for felt as though the community of Cambridge Colleges. It and be taken we had to struggle to make our voice heard asking seriously as a College. In my early years, when Fitzwilliam students at College dinners whether they chose almost always or Fitzwilliam chose them, the answer was Today there ‘I was pooled but I am really glad I came’. come is no sense left of that feeling. Very few students now want to through the Pool, and students and Fellows Fitz story; we come here because of the Fitz ethos and the hold our heads high. I am struck by a few things. The financial turmoil Journal I am struck by a few very fresh in our minds; interest of 2007–2008 was still (a new low!); and swine flu had had rates were around 5% conference business. My first job a huge impact on the of status to a fully registered was to manage the change – and in that charity, regulated by the Charity Commission deficit in the first year I had to report the biggest operating College’s history. This is the last set of Bursar’s Notes I will write; by this I will write; by this last set of Bursar’s Notes This is the the baton to a successor, I will have passed time next year of steering this wonderful who will have the privilege phase of its journey. It seems College through the next this coincides with John Cleaver’s fitting somehow that start in , so 2020 will be a new final edition of the Journal many ways! the bursar’s notes bursar’s the Andrew Powell Andrew

2019 12 JRAC

Communal space in a graduate house: kitchen and dining area at 139 Huntingdon Road

Estates One of my early priorities was to develop a masterplan: Two themes have characterized the development of the initially for the Central Building, and subsequently for College Estate over the last 11 years – the requirement to the accommodation blocks. The prospect of finding over address the longstanding need to increase the quality and £20m (now nearer £25m, and likely to rise to £30m) was quantity of graduate accommodation and the refurbishment extremely daunting for a College without surplus financial of the Lasdun buildings on the main College site. resources – what is more, we would have only twenty My very first meeting when I arrived in Fitzwilliam years to complete the task before the New Court buildings was a discussion with my predecessor and the Graduate reached 50 years old and became likely to require similarly Tutor about graduate housing, seeking to find ways extensive treatment. of improving both quality and quantity. Subsequently, There was no ‘magic money tree’ but the need I discovered this was not a new issue, although the was undeniable if we were to maintain the College as completion of the purpose-built accommodation at 1 an attractive and comfortable place to live and study Halifax Road had made a big impact. Since then, the in the 21st century. The only way to proceed was to purchase of 139 Huntingdon Road (the former Cambridge make a start, so we broke each programme down into Lodge Hotel) in 2010, the switch of 138 Huntingdon Road projects we could afford, and got on with it. So far we (Neale House) to graduate accommodation in 2011–2012, have achieved approximately 25% of the masterplan, and the acquisition in 2013 of 110, 112 & 114 Huntingdon physically represented by the Upper Hall, the new gym, Road and of 126 Huntingdon Road, have enabled our the refurbished Lantern roof of the Hall, three refurbished stock of graduate rooms to rise from 155 to 190. This is staircases, and the MCR extension (p.18). We have a 22.5% increase; over the same period, the number of adhered to the financing principles laid down by the full-time graduate students has grown by 17.5%. We now Governing Body, and in the process have proved that we have a graduate ‘hub’ of some 60 units centred around 139 can fund-raise for refurbishment. This progress would and 138 Huntingdon Road. We have developed the model not have been possible without the underlying confidence of having a group of about 20 students around a shared of the Governing Body and the fantastic support of multi-unit kitchen; it has worked well: graduates keep benefactors – large and small – who have responded to the such different schedules, and this layout means there is call for help. better chance of more than one graduate being around at Now we face the biggest challenge of the whole the same time. programme – the buildings on the Huntingdon More generally, the College houses are in need Road facade. We have an exciting design and have of continual investment, and a rolling programme of confirmed planning permission through the window refurbishments has been established. replacements that were undertaken in 2019. However The completion of the Library in 2009 marked the next three staircases – D, E & F – have to be treated the completion of the College site – substantially this as a single project, no part of which can be completed completion was led by my predecessor Christopher Pratt. in a Long Vacation. We will therefore have to close the My challenge has been to get to grips with the 1960s accommodation for at least one academic year. The buildings, which were approaching 50 years old and Governing Body will face a tough decision in January as to were in need of substantial refurbishment – perhaps whether we can complete this project in 2020–2021, given the legacy of being built on a shoestring in the 1960s. the funding challenge involved.

13 2018 2019 2017 2016 2015 As Bursar, I have enjoyed working with and getting As Bursar, I have enjoyed working with and 2014 period, so that the increase has come entirely from funds period, so that the increase has come entirely from the held by the College. Thus the contribution College has increased sevenfold. MCR and the to know more than twenty Presidents of the to have JCR. The College has been incredibly fortunate the such committed and talented people representing sacrificing student body. Being President inevitably means said that their a lot during the year of office, but all have from year was the best of their lives. And I remember process to when I was going through the initial interview Presidents become Bursar that the meeting with the then was one of the most testing! Window replacement in Fellows' Court – the new metal-framed windows are in place. 2013 Student financialawards 2011 2012 2010 External Total of financial awards to students, showing that College awards are now much greater than funds from elsewhere in the University of financial awards to students, showing that College Total 2009 Internal 0

100 500 200 700 300 800 A major achievement of the Appeal has been the very A major achievement of the Appeal has been 900

600 400

1000 £ thousands £

large increase in the funds we have been able to direct large increase in the funds we have been able gross total of towards financial support for students. The period, from such awards has more than tripled over the that tells only £295,000 to over £900,000 per annum, but the central a part of the story: the graph highlights how contribution to bursary costs has remained flat over the Students only just been In 2009, the 150th Anniversary Appeal had which seemed launched – with a £20m target in 12 years a year huge at that time. That this target was achieved and focus of ahead of time is a huge tribute to the energy in office: Iain the Development Directors during my period Reid, Helen Bettinson, and Nicola Jones. JRAC

2019 14 The College is an academic community in which Finances academics and students at all stages in their careers In 2010, when reporting the biggest deficit the College live together, interact, and learn from each other. The had ever made, I expressed confidence that the College Graduate Community links the undergraduates and the had the wisdom and commitment to see us through to postdoctoral researchers and plays a central part in the better times. We set in train a comprehensive review College – yet the lives of graduate students do not make of income and costs, and took some key decisions – it easy for them to involve themselves in College life. In including a step-increase in graduate-student numbers. my early days, one of the major points of discussion was Ten years on, it is a great pleasure to report that the how to integrate the Graduate Community better into the College is in a stronger financial position than it has life of the College. This is mainly achieved through the ever been. Key to this achievement has been the increase tireless work of the MCR Committee, of the Graduate in graduate-student numbers (full-time and part-time), Office, and of the graduate tutors. I have also tried to be a transformation of the conference business, and a alert to those unconscious signals that come from our significant increase in unrestricted donations which heritage as an undergraduate College, which can risk allow us to direct giving towards those elements of making the Graduates feel like second-class citizens. the student experience that typically pass through the One important aspect of this during my tenure has general-expenditure lines. been the restructuring of the JMA Constitution to give The purpose of a surplus is to allow us to reinvest separate and equal voice to the JCR, to the MCR, and to for the future, and that means making sure that the Clubs & Societies. our facilities can continue to meet the needs and I have tried to do my bit to support College sport and aspirations of our students in the 21st century. To culture. In 2012 we welcomed the 1972 Cuppers winning complete one staircase refurbishment a year and to team to their 40th anniversary. We looked back on the provide for routine capital expenditure we need to great heyday of Fitzwilliam Men’s Cricket and wondered generate around £2m a year. The chart below shows whether such a thing could ever happen again! I am that we were able to do this for the first time in proud to have been the Senior Treasurer of the four-in-a- 2018–2019. row Men’s Cricket Cuppers run, p.66. I have thoroughly The 2018–2019 Management Accounts show that the enjoyed playing a similar role in Men’s Rugby (reaching College generated an overall surplus (after depreciation) Cuppers semi-final 2019) and FitzTheatre. of £441k. Readers may wonder why the Audited I am sorry to report that the College’s 20-year Accounts (now available on the College website) show relationship with the Tsuzuki Gakuen Group came to an an unrestricted deficit of £197k; the difference relates to end this year. Not only has the Gakuen been a generous a ‘one-off’ charge of £647k which arises from the need benefactor to the College but, perhaps even more to increase future provision against the USS Pensions importantly, over 100 students from Fitzwilliam have deficit in accordance with the completion of the 2017 had the wonderful opportunity of an all-expenses-paid valuation. This charge is included in the Audited year in Japan. It has been an extraordinary opportunity to Accounts, but not the management figures, which are experience life in a very different culture; for many it has intended to show the underlying performance. We been a truly life-changing experience. We are very keen to expect a substantial credit in 2020 as we switch to find another opportunity for our students. using the 2018 USS valuation results.

Operating surplus and capital expenditure

3000

2500

2000

1500 £ thousands £

1000

500

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Operating surplus before depreciation Capital expenditure

Achievement of an operating surplus that meets College needs

15 ty ty xed income xed Alternatives Equi Fi Cash Cambridge proper 2018 2019 Building up the Endowment 2017 2016 2015 One of the effects of the 2008–2009 financial crash One of the effects of the 2008–2009 financial It is too early to judge the success of this strategy, The period since the change of strategy has been 2014 Investments of the I have been immensely grateful for the support especially Investment Advisory Committee over the years, served during from the seven external members who have The decision that time; we have leaned on them heavily! Committee in to invite student representatives to join the statement of 2015 was a Fitzwilliam ‘first’ and was a clear management the College’s desire to be transparent in the the 2016 review of its investments. Students participated in very much of the investment managers, and have been hope I below). (see investing ESG on debate the in involved experience! they have found it a rewarding and enjoyable has been and the introduction of quantitative easing In 2016 the collapse of traditional investment models. from the the College took the decision to move away traditional equity-based investment approach, and to make a deliberate move towards a much more long term strategy – in line with those followed by leading endowment investors worldwide. The switch from Sarasin & Partners to J.P. Morgan as investment managers marked a move from active to passive management of developed market equities, and a significant commitment into Private Equity, which, whilst illiquid, offers the prospect of superior returns over a 10-year horizon. As a consequence of this policy we took the decision to move away from dividend-based accounting for income, to a Total-Return Accounting approach. since we are still in the investing phase for the private- equity holdings, and these investments will not start to produce a return for another 2–3 years. Also, the change in the exchange rate has not been kind to us for the last two years – we have paid a ‘Brexit penalty’ and, whilst our global investments have done well, the cost of hedging back to sterling has been high. However we expect to benefit as sterling reverts to something closer to its long- term average. characterised by refinement of the investment policy Reserves 2013 Fees 29% Rents 30% (available for general use) Free ReservesFree 2011 2012 Other 1% Other 2010 Restricted Funds 2009 Value ofValue Endowment reserve Analysis Invested of Reserves, in 2019 Conference 13% Conference 0 10 50 20 70 30 60 40 income expendable), Restricted Funds ( for specific uses), and Free Reserves Endowment The College’s Endowment has nearly doubled since

Distribution of Invested Reserves between Endowment (capital in perpetuity, Distribution of Invested Reserves between Endowment (capital in perpetuity, £ millions £ 2009, from £34.4m to £61.1m – and yet it remains one of the smallest among the undergraduate Colleges. One of the numbers we watch closely is the level of ‘free reserves’, which is that portion of the investment assets that is left over after we have met the requirements for the endowment and the restricted reserves. This is our contingency fund which has to cover investments in College buildings (over and above annual cashflow and donations) as well as things like pension deficits, unexpected losses, and loan repayments. This year, the free reserves improved to £9m, from a low point of £7.1m last year – which is not a lot in the context of the financial challenges we face.

Catering 13% Investments 14%

2019 16 in important areas, such as risk appetite and currency his loyalty to Fitzwilliam was total and he had many risk. The final part of this was put in place in November friends across the whole College community who mourn 2019, when, following a year of consultation with various his passing. It seemed very unfair that he should be struck constituencies in the College and with the support down by illness so soon after retiring, but the way he bore of the students, the Governing Body adopted an ESG it was an example to us all, and even his funeral address – (Environmental, Social and Governance) based policy which he wrote to be read by the graveside – was full of his for its developed-market equities. In the view of our sense of humour. On a less sad note, we wished Caroline investment advisors, ESG no longer implies lower returns; Choat a happy retirement after 28 years’ service to the to the contrary, a high ESG score is now more likely to be College. Caroline joined the College in 1991 when it was in taken as a sign of quality – market forces are now driving serious financial difficulty and was depending on a growth companies towards higher standards of ESG behaviour in conference business to save it. She has seen it through and we want the Fitzwilliam portfolio to contribute to this. to today’s position where the conference income is at The investment markets have developed a long way since record levels, and its contribution is equivalent to an extra 2010, when such a policy would not have been possible. £23m of endowment. It was a great pleasure to welcome Alan Fuller to the Staff position of Domestic Bursar at Fitzwilliam in November, Most of the Bursar’s job is about people. The permanent- taking over from Andy Milne who left in May. Alan was staff complement has grown from 98 in 2009 to 116 previously Domestic Bursar at Wolfson College and brings at the end of July 2019, although the Fitzwilliam ship a long experience of different Colleges to the role. remains quite lean in comparison with other Colleges of similar size. Part of the increase has been brought about In conclusion by a desire to improve the resilience of the staffing – to One of the wonderful things about a College community make sure that there are competent deputies in place is the way people go and new people come, but somehow to cover key people if they are absent. I feel much more the essential character of the place doesn’t change. I secure against that sort of event than I would have done have always marvelled at that, and wondered what the ten years ago. There also been a genuine increase in essential ingredients are for making it so. Some of it is workload, associated with continual improvements self-fulfilling – we attract and recruit like-minded people to our accommodation, with the growth of student – but I also think that it is embedded in the way we do numbers and of the conference business, but also with things, and even in the architecture of the place. Lasdun’s the seemingly endless growth in regulatory requirements. original concept was a social construct, appropriate to the Since 2009, we have experienced registration by the democratic ethos of the 1950s – and that same feeling lies Charity Commission (2010), Student Accommodation at the heart of the College today. Standards regulation (2010), the Carbon Reduction When I first arrived I was told firmly that I must re- Scheme (2010–2019), the Fundraising Regulator read The Masters, as there would certainly be a Mastership (2016–2017), the Prevent Duty (2016), and GDPR (2018), election in my time. I have served three Masters now and as well as the ever-increasing (it seems) demands of the each one has been an inspiration in different ways. I am Freedom of Information Act, of ‘Know your Customer’ incredibly grateful for the support I have enjoyed from in financial-services regulation, of Health & Safety Robert Lethbridge, Nicky Padfield and Sally Morgan; all regulation, and of Pensions regulation. It has been a of them have Fitzwilliam in their heart and have been never-ending challenge to absorb the beneficial effects of committed to keeping this unique place what it is. I would new regulation, whilst minimising the bureaucratic drag also like to express my gratitude to Paul Chirico for a great on a small organisation. working relationship and also to the whole Fellowship at Fitzwilliam is blessed with a wonderfully capable Fitzwilliam, whose trust I have always felt that I had. We and loyal staff. Three Heads of Department have served have had some challenging debates in Committees and in throughout my time – Steve Kidger, Claire Claydon and the Governing Body, but always with the best interests of Valter Monteiro – out of a total of 13–14. I should also the College at heart. mention my four assistants Anne Brooke, Anne Howard, In my first notes in the 2011 Journal I said ‘As we Clare Jordan and Natalie Harvey who have held me enter a more difficult economic climate, I am immensely together throughout my time here. I (and many others!) encouraged by the sense of common purpose and frugal have cause to be very grateful for the extraordinary support management culture that I have encountered here. The of Sarah Rowland Jones, our HR Officer; it is hard to College has been through tough times before and emerged believe that we managed without such professional strongly; it will do so again’. Fitzwilliam has remained support before Sarah joined the College in 2011. true to its ethos and style, and has not disappointed. I am This year we were very saddened by the death of John incredibly proud and grateful to the College to have had Eisold, who had served the College since 1991 and been the opportunity to be a part of this progress for the last Head Porter from 2011 to 2015. John’s unique personality eleven years. and sense of humour kept us all going at difficult times; ANDREW POWELL

17 And after: the new building and paved area The position before: the area at the side of The Grove, with a projecting single-storey boilerhouse, and the Olisa Library beyond The position before: the area at the side of The Grove, with

0pening the new middle combination room combination middle new the 0pening

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2019 18 JRAC

The main room in the new MCR JRAC Fifty alumni, including 18 former Middle Combination Room Presidents, celebrated the completion of the new MCR at The Grove in May 2019. Generous donors, Fellows, past MCR Presidents and MCR Committee members enjoyed a series of talks on The Impact of Innovation, followed by afternoon tea, in the light-filled new space – which has transformed the experience of being a graduate student at Fitzwilliam. Refurbished rooms within the main Grove building JRAC

Donors, alumni, research students, and Fellows at the opening of the new MCR

19 The Master at the MCR opening … as do Tobias Lunde and Aisha Sobey … as do Tobias

The underlying purpose of the MCR: reseach student André Neto-Bradley presents his work to the guests …

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2019 20 JRAC JRAC

Some former MCR Presidents JRAC

Alumni donors made possible the new construction of the MCR building Seven decades of MCR Presidents JRAC

The new MCR building at night

21 JRAC (1869–1889) From the Birmingham Daily Post, 28 June 1869 Ralph Benjamin Somerset, first Censor of Non-Collegiate Students Ralph Benjamin Somerset, first Censor of Non-Collegiate Privy Council, and this occurred within a month. So the Privy Council, and this occurred within a month. Non-Collegiate route was open. In the summer of 1869, progress was, by Cambridge standards, extraordinarily rapid. The next step was for to the the Council of the Senate to nominate members 5, and they Non-Collegiate Students Board under clause Just a week later, were approved by the Senate on 27 May. (Master of St the Board held its first meeting: Dr Bateson and served the John’s College) was appointed Chairman, The following Board well for its formative first seven years. day they met again and agreed to appoint an officer under clause 2 of the statutes, who would be called the Censor. they agreed that the Censor of Non- days later Two Collegiate Students would be one of their number: Rev. College. Ralph Benjamin Somerset, of Trinity atutes atute, or any of ; W.W. Grave in 2018 Journal; W.W. atutes so framed and ained in the said statutes anding anything expressed or contained in which ran on for nearly two decades following which ran on for nearly 1 them, subject to such Rules and Regulations as the University may from time to time prescribe, and all the acts of the Board for such purposes shall be deemed to be acts of the University. The University shall have power from time to time to appoint a Board or Syndicate, to consist of such persons as may be determined by Grace of the Senate for the purpose of exercising and carrying into effect the powers and provisions of this st the University shall have power from time to time the University shall have power from time to time to frame and enforce such Rules as may be deemed expedient for the admission, government, discipline, and instruction of such Students, and for the payments to be made by them. The University shall have power to make special provision for the temporary or permanent removal from the University of any such Student if at any time such removal shall appear necessary or expedient, anything cont notwithstanding. In addition to the provisions of the said st The functions assigned to the Head or Praelector of a The functions assigned to the Head or Praelector I, sec. 3, College, or to the Principal of a Hostel in cap. and cap. III, sec.1, of the said st sanctioned as aforesaid shall be exercised in respect the of such Students by a Member or Members of time to Senate who shall be specially appointed from time for that purpose, but the said statutes shall in all to such other respects be deemed to apply and extend Students as well as others. the statutes of the University framed and sanctioned in accordance with the provisions of the Act of Parliament, 19 and 20 Vict., c. 88, it shall be lawful for the University to admit as Students to matriculate be and to confer degrees on persons who may not members of any College or Hall or of any Hostel. Notwithst Willian Ewart MP and Non-Collegiate Students

See (Fitzwilliam Society, 1983); and J.R.A. Cleaver Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge (Fitzwilliam Society, Fitzwilliam: the first 150 years of a Cambridge College (Third Millennium, 2013). 4. 5. 3. 2. 1.

Royal Commission of Enquiry into the Royal Commission of Enquiry its proposal to the 1850 the improvement of the Universities of best methods of securing Oxford and Cambridge. its course, when the Council of the In 1869 the process ran draft statutes:Senate proposed new 1 and they were endorsed strongly by the Senate on 15 April. University Statutes have to be approved by the The Non-CollegiateThe beginnings Fitzwilliam of of students to the University of The direct admission the costs of College Cambridge, thereby removing the opportunities for membership and so broadening a long and highly controversial university entrance, had gestation fitzwilliam history

2019 22 *** The Board set rules for the admission of students, for keeping records of their studies, and for monitoring Although the University had decided to admit non- their church membership – an obsession of the Board in collegiate students, it made no provision for them. No consequence of the attacks on the Non-Collegiate concept space was provided either for the students or for the as a godless Censor, who worked from his home in Trumpington scheme to admit members to this University who would in Road – as the notice in the Birmingham Daily Post no way be brought into contact with religion; they would indicated. And there was no dedicated provision for simply be students seeking a degree. teaching them; they attended lectures given in colleges, as at that time University teaching was limited to They resolved for the Censor: professorial lectures (the first University Lecturer was That his duties embrace all correspondence with applicants for appointed around 1883). admission; making personal acquaintance with the students

The first page of Somerset's report in December 1869

23 *** entered as non-collegiate, and remained non- collegiate, yielding 21 BAs; entered as non-collegiate, and migrated to colleges; entered as non-collegiate, migrated to colleges, but returned, yielding 1 BA; migrated from colleges, and remained non-collegiate, yielding 3 BAs;

2 7 45 30 In accordance with a resolution adopted by the Board on the by the Board on with a resolution adopted In accordance to Heads and Tutors 1869, a circular was sent 23rd October any Lectures in their asking them whether of Colleges, Students. I have be open to Non-Collegiate Colleges would but others may yet be expected. received several answers, believe that the number of There is good reason to and at present there are no the students will increase, the apprehension that applications which confirm mode of residence as giving more students will choose this mere amusement than residence opportunity for a life of apply are of mature age, or are in a college. All those who to be under the charge of persons designed by their friends character. of trustworthy age and any of the applicants are I may remark that scarcely I have boys at schools. The eleven schoolmasters whom own mentioned were interested in the scheme on their accounts, not on account of pupils. the Scheme has already enabled some students to live very cheaply while enjoying the advantages of the University. Several have assured the Censor that their whole expenditure in Cambridge was under £50 a year.

The Grace recommending that the scheme be made permanent was approved at the Congregation of 15 May 1873. The 1873 report was written when more than half of all the students who had entered as non-collegiate were still all 90 in residence; several were still to migrate. Tracking students through their entire careers: The enquiries regarding membership resulted in theThe enquiries regarding membership resulted term ofadmission of eight students in the Michaelmas and two migrants 1869: six new entrants to the University, twofrom colleges. At least six were mature students: lecturedschoolmasters, a surgeon, and a man who had ofin Edinburgh and London. The academic performance the cohort was not encouraging, only three proceeding Honours into degrees. The lecturer achieved First-Class – but did so after a Whewell the Law and History Tripos College. Scholarship had enabled him to migrate to Trinity gainedHe was the first of a long line of students who system butaccess to Cambridge through the non-collegiate membersachieved distinction after migrating to become of colleges. of When, in April 1873, the time came for renewal on its the non-collegiate scheme, the Board reported of whom 51 success. Ninety students had been admitted, were currently non-collegiate undergraduates; five had proceeded to the degree of BA and 23 had migrated to colleges. Economy had been achieved:

The first duty imposed on me by the Board was to circulate The first duty imposed on me by the Board was the paper of Information relating to Non-Collegiate Students this sanctioned at a meeting held June 15, 1869. I sent English paper to the principal London and provincial journals as well as to those published at Edinburgh, Dublin and Belfast. I believe it was printed in Glasgow, referred a fair number of these; others mentioned it and enquiries to me. from I have received written applications for information before the fifty-eight persons, half of them reaching me A few of these simply asked for the paper end of July. students of information; five imagined the new class of careful would be non-resident; the majority were very at the in their enquiries about the whole cost of living University; only three wished to know what Exhibitions of my or Scholarships would be open to them. Many correspondents gave no information about themselves, or National but eleven were schoolmasters of Middle Class Schools. Three seemed to be hesitating between this at a mode of residence at the University and residence Theological College as a preliminary to ordination. Besides these written applications (of which fourteen were followed by further correspondence) I have had a few visits from persons who came to make their enquiries on the spot. Two Eight students were admitted in time to keep this Term. of these had been members of Colleges; of the six Freshmen three were Professional men previously resident in the Town. These have not been receiving any regular instruction, but have been devoting some time to the study of the subjects of the Previous Examination. The other three Freshmen have been attending lectures at Christ’s College. I have reason to hope they will all study seriously some of the subjects prescribed for Honour Examinations. One of the Junior Sophs has been attending the instruction of a private Tutor, as well as some Professors’ Lectures: the other being engaged as an Assistant at a school has not received any instruction. By direction of the Board I gave notice of the names and residences of the Student to the parochial ministers in whose parishes they reside; in several cases I know that the students were called on in consequence of this notice. Six of the students state that they attend parish churches, chapel. They have all conducted the other two a Wesleyan and all have kept, or may themselves with due regularity, have kept before December 17, the required amount of residence for the Term. on commencing residence; advising them as to their course of them as to their course residence; advising on commencing their conduct; the receipt superintendence of study and general payable to the Board by the Senate as of the fees prescribed receipts and payments; of the accounts of all and the keeping the Board once a term the returnscollecting and laying before of the studies they are pursuing,to be made by the students attending or the instruction they areand of the lectures they are and presenting to the Board every termreceiving; and preparing of the Scheme. a report of the operation

For this part-time post, he received a stipend of £100 per For this part-time post, annum. first terminal report to the Board Somerset submitted his on 7 December 1869:

2019 24 2 migrated from colleges, but returned to their original *** colleges; Undergraduates were admitted directly to the University as 4 migrated from colleges, then migrated to other an economical route into Cambridge. But how economical colleges. was it in practice? So it was a very fluid population, especially as students The Student’s Guide to the University of Cambridge, in its 1874 were not constrained to enter on a specific date; of those edition, included a section on non-collegiate students, who came up as non-collegiate, only about 60% counted a written by Somerset. This showed that University costs for Michaelmas term as their first term of residence. a non-collegiate Arts student taking an Ordinary Degree totalled about £ 33. Somerset claimed that a non-collegiate In 1875, Somerset produced a report for the Board on the student who spent the minimum time in Cambridge and 61 students in residence in the Easter term. This time, lived frugally need not expend more than £ 150 over a even more detailed attention was paid to their religious three-year period: affiliations: 88% were Anglicans, attending 16 different churches, whilst 9% were Non-Conformists and 3% were £ s d Roman Catholics. University Capitation Tax and payment 18 6 0 Academically: to the Non-Collegiate Students Board, each year @ £ 6/2/– 43 first-year men were preparing for one or more parts of the Previous Examination; Matriculation, Examination and Degree 14 13 0 fees, Professors’ lectures 11 second-year men were preparing for the General Examination for the Ordinary BA; College lectures, 4 courses in 3 terms 12 0 0 each year 7 third-year men were preparing for a Special Examination for the Ordinary BA; Academical dress: cap and gown 1 11 0 5 second-year or third-year men were preparing for Expenses in lodgings, board, washing, 103 10 0 Tripos Examinations. coals, use of linen, gaslight and service, three 23-week years @ £ 34/10/– The rate of graduation was low. Of the 203 students who TOTAL 150 0 0 were admitted in the first seven years, 100 remained non-collegiate throughout their time in Cambridge and A non-collegiate student who was able to afford a less of those only 48 graduated. However, of the 103 who constrained life estimated annual costs (excluding migrated to colleges, 95 graduated – nearly twice the clothing and travel) as about £ 85. yield. The non-collegiate body was being depleted of good-quality students. Further, students might start as An undergraduate who was a member of a college non-collegiate to reduce costs, and transfer at a late stage incurred additional fees, and was required to purchase to colleges to gain prestige; this troubled the Censor, furniture for his rooms and re-sell it at a loss; he had to concerned for the reputation of the non-collegiate body: pay for his meals in Hall; and when he took meals in his Those who thus graduate as members of Colleges rooms, the servants exploited him. The Guide suggested thenceforth move in the world outside of the University in £ 105 per annum to cover College and University costs, that character; the scheme under which they have mainly plus up to £ 90 for grocers’ and booksellers’ bills and for resided loses its natural representatives in the places from personal expenses. Thus the annual expenditure of an which new students should come; and the degree lists undergraduate in a college, seeking an Ordinary Degree contain but few of the names by which a more general and making good use of his opportunities without being attention to the existence of the scheme might be excited. extravagant, would be more than twice that of a non- collegiate student with a quiet social life. A particular motivation for migration was that colleges could offer Scholarships or Exhibitions to the academically In addition, men who sought high Honours often paid successful; therefore, if quality was to be built up within the £ 150 over three years to private tutors, whilst those with non-collegiate body, financial awards would be needed. In more modest aspirations might spend about £50. Oxford, approaches had been made to livery companies in the City of London, and in Cambridge the Board acted similarly. *** In 1874, the Clothworkers’ Company announced that annually they would provide a three-year Exhibition worth The alert reader will have noticed that there is no mention £50 to a non-collegiate student, with preference to be given to here of Fitzwilliam. That would have been anachronistic, a student in Physical Sciences – but that he would lose it if he since the name arose only in Lent 1887 after the Non- moved to a college. The Physical Sciences Exhibition ran until Collegiate Students Board had purchased 31 and 32 1895, with awards made to twenty-one students; of those, Trumpington Street, opposite the Fitzwilliam Museum. half were prepared to forfeit the awards when the opportunity The students voted on possible names for the building; arose of migrating. The Leathersellers’ Company provided shortly afterwards, a Board member proposed that the their first Exhibitions in 1894. name Fitzwilliam Hall be adopted. The naming was not

25 DR JOHN CLEAVER *** Fitzwilliam Hall came into crept back and Fitzwilliam terminology and for the affiliation both for the clubs general usage was recognised themselves. Fitzwilliam of the men the 1924, appearing in the University only in formally by in the Statutesform of Fitzwilliam House and Ordinances of the University. reproduced or lightly adapted from Much of this article is years of a Cambridge College. Fitzwilliam: The First 150 Photograph taken in 1887 to define the property purchased by the Non-Collegiate Students Board: 31 & 32 Trumpington Street Photograph taken Students Board: 31 & 32 in 1887 to define the property purchased by the Non-Collegiate

is simply the designation of Fitzwilliam Hall is simply the that the name of Street in the occupation the buildings in Trumpington should not be used as an official or the Board; that the title the Non-Collegiate Students; and collective designation of to any may appropriately be given that the title Fitzwilliam Students. club consisting of Non-Collegiate

So, for instance,, not Fitzwilliam Fitzwilliam Cricket Club attractive Hall Cricket Club – but naturally the more straightforward: the Censor was instructed to inform instructed to inform the Censor was straightforward: the students Edward Whetton (1887) Whetton Edward

2019 26 fitzwilliam history books Letters to the Censor: Fitzwilliam Hall in the Great War This new volume was published in September 2018, so There are two recently-published histories of Fitzwilliam, falling just within the centenary period of the Great War. which are available for purchase from the Porters’ Lodge From the end-paper: or from the Development Office via the Alumni web page. Fitzwilliam College possesses much correspondence from the era Fitzwilliam: The First 150 Years of a Cambridge College of the Great War. At that time, half a century before Fitzwilliam If you are interested in finding out more about the received its Royal Charter as a college, its predecessor Fitzwilliam evolution of Fitzwilliam, this extensively-illustrated Hall was run by the Non-Collegiate Students Board to provide account was published in 2013. From the end-paper: a base for students whose limited means precluded membership of a college – at that time, college costs were much greater than Fitzwilliam has a history unlike that of the other colleges of University fees. Cambridge. With no royal or noble founder to endow it with The principal officer of Fitzwilliam Hall was the Censor of cash or land, it derived from an initiative to provide what Non-Collegiate Students, William Fiddian Reddaway – and he nowadays would be referred to as wider access. was determined to enhance the Hall and to eliminate its perceived The Non-Collegiate Students Board was created amidst inferiority to the colleges. Reddaway was very successful in the major nineteenth-century reforms of the University, to inspiring the enthusiasm and corporate spirit of the Fitzwilliam enable students without the financial means to meet college men. When war came, he received many letters from those who fees to come to Cambridge and study for degrees. The first had graduated, from those who had interrupted their studies to eight undergraduates were admitted in 1869. Although no serve, and indeed from those who joined Fitzwilliam during the collegiate form had been envisaged, almost immediately war and spent little or no time there until afterwards. the beginnings of corporate life sprang up, driven by the We know of more than three hundred who made direct aspirations of the men. They began to dine and play sports contributions during the war. The largest number were infantry together; within a few years, a common room had been officers, inevitably including Second Lieutenants who survived established and a boat club set up. Later, self-help made only a few weeks on the Western Front. Others saw combatant possible a chapel and a sports field. service for extended periods in many parts of the world; others So a quasi-collegiate institution arose: first as Fitzwilliam provided medical, spiritual and welfare support; and still others Hall, and subsequently as Fitzwilliam House. Finally and enhanced the technology of warfare. triumphantly, the long-awaited status of Fitzwilliam College We can build up a picture of the social backgrounds of was attained. This was to be only the start of further rounds the men as well as of their lives and deaths in the war. Their of development, marked by the move to co-residence, the backgrounds were diverse. Some were from middle-class families determination to drive up academic standards, the constant although some, such as those from clergy families, were far from struggle to build up the endowment, and the many steps affluent; others, from working-class backgrounds, had flourished by which completion of the College site was achieved whilst as pupils in the recently-developed municipal schooling system respecting the concepts of the original Lasdun buildings. This and had continued in their turn to become teachers. They book recounts this long and often difficult journey, painting sought to advance through the access opportunities provided by pictures of a vibrant and constantly-evolving College, of its Fitzwilliam Hall, and many succeeded – some to very substantial Senior Members and students, and of its high ambitions for its extents. Sadly, forty-five of them were to die in the war. And place in the University and the world. much of this we know through their letters to the Censor.

27 Emily Baker-Thurston Emily Baker-Thurston Our interns for 2019 were (in July) graduand Melissa Our interns for 2019 lists, and iDiscover, Using trolleys, reading intern, gathered our current Mel, our ASNAC intern, chose to deal with her our HSPS Emily, chose two very different students, doing very different doing very different very different students, chose two at different stagessubjects, and in their Fitzwilliam which made the overriding similarity careers. However, how both were excellent on us was the most impression both had reserved books and library communicators: to be added to our collection; requested for new books and that this was THEIR library, both gave the impression about passing on their know-how to both were passionate future Fitzwilliam students. Norse & Celtic Studies) and Dicks, (2015, Anglo-Saxon, her final year) Emily Baker- just entering (in September, Social & Political Studies). Thurston (2017, Human, were investigated Fitzwilliam Library holdings with the added bonus of current user thoroughly, and knowledge of teaching, tutorial requirements (especially for HSPS with a large cohort) student several extra numbers, which meant the requirement for copies of books. due to the collection – from various parts of the library from her breadth of the subject – onto one trolley and were. All of knowledge could easily see where the gaps now boast a these books and the newly-purchased ones head of their beautifully-designed and visible label at the syllabus. spines which show that they are on the ASNAC tasksShe also experienced as many routine library as possible, as she does want to move into Library/Archive work later. tackledsubject from the Freshers’ perspective. She the lists, the first notoriously-long POL1 and SOC1 reading chosen as faced by new students and also frequently Once option papers by students from other disciplines. new books and the lists had been checked thoroughly, saved many extra copies were ordered; the lists were been as sharable electronic documents which have Christine RobertsLewis (centre) with Melissa Dicks and Tracey Piggott Christine RobertsLewis (centre) with Melissa Dicks and Tracey

In early April we had several applicants from a wide In early April we had several applicants from We soon decided to have two, two-week internships soon We Last year in conversation with Fellow Librarian Last year in conversation

range of subjects and chose four strong candidates for range of subjects and chose four strong candidates It was a really interesting afternoon and we interview. and to offer the work in two separate sessions to make and to offer the work in two separate sessions the best of staff and time and support, student expertise No decisions were made working space within the library. I knew I regarding the actual work at this point, although for wanted to be able to focus on collection development decided to leave that until we saw the future students. We of the applicants expertise and subject-specific knowledge so that we could tailor our projects to get the best from funding, and the best applicants. Having explored costs, we advertised the facilities we should provide for interns, the posts to ALL undergraduates in late February. they were Applicants were asked to say WHY they thought suitable, they would use their experience in their HOW they would use their subject– future career and HOW specific expertise to benefit this Library. Dr Hero Chalmers about library staffing,Dr Hero Chalmers about upcoming tasks, she raised the and where help might be needed, consider employing interns suggestion that we could to assist with particular projects from our student body is always helpful, Hero during the Long Vacation. about the importantsupportive, and positive place of this – as the discussion progressed – we Library in College and could be to both realised what positive outcomes there the staff, and the individuals such a project for the library, library chosen, and also for the development of the collection and/or its environment. was all about books and this Journal was all about books and Last time my piece for System. This year it is about the new Library Management development of a new venture for people, and the exciting this College Library. college library news – from the the – from news library college book-face

2019 28 annotated by Emily to assist the Freshers in their first The Sunday evening services featured a series of guest term. She has also designed a series of ‘student voice’ preachers, many of whom were new visitors to Fitzwilliam notices along the lines of ‘things I wish I had known College, and some of whom were old – inasmuch as they as a fresher!’ were familiar to us as returning College members and 2019 Long Vac was a really interesting, happy one for one returning Chaplain. To the established tradition of me – the time flew by and good work was accomplished a shared informal supper after the service an innovation with enthusiasm, alongside learning and sound library- was added: that of the option of a glass or two of wine. collection development. I am really looking forward to While the supply was moderate, the provision of wine repeating this exercise in 2020. made the occasions all the more convivial, helping to foster a happy fellowship and life for the growing Chapel- CHRISTINE ROBERTSLEWIS, College Librarian going community. In addition to Sunday services, new and old activities took place throughout the year. Activities such as the Flagpole Act of Remembrance, a Shrove Tuesday chapel news Pancake Party, Contemplative Worship (including Taizé and Compline services) were repeated traditions pre- Ex antiquis et novissimis optima: The best of the old and dating the new Chaplain. The Chapel also continued to the new. reflect our ecumenical basis, including hosting worship and prayer led by the Christian Union and by a group The Chapel can be thought of as a focal point for the from Kingsgate Church. New activities included led creative tensions found in the aspirations of our College Mindfulness meditations, which gave attendees brief motto. This is true in general, with the Chapel drawing but restorative moments of reflective presence and on great riches of tradition in our collective worship, contemplation. There were also various discussion groups while the chaplaincy needs to respond continually to the through the year, termly family services, and Chaplain’s changing dynamics of the emotional and spiritual needs Drinks Parties. within College. In particular, the questions begged by our A large part of the chaplaincy role involves the offer motto – of what is the best of the old and the new, and how of pastoral care for all members of the College. While do we hold them together – were especially pertinent at the not a new activity, the take-up of support services across beginning of what was a new chapter for the Chapel under the University indicates that there is a growing need a new Chaplain. for pastoral support. New pressures arising from our Old and new were equally evident in the services held digital age and its social (sometimes anti-social) media, in Chapel on Sundays. Term-time Sunday mornings saw combined with uncertainties over future employment and a small but committed group of students finding new growing awareness of mental-health issues, all seem to fellowship and friendship through the ancient practice play their part. The College chaplaincy offers pastoral and of sharing bread and wine in Holy Communion, as spiritual support to all members, regardless of faith. The well as the not-so-ancient activity of sharing coffee and College is enriched by a great diversity of cultures and croissants after the service. Sunday evenings featured an backgrounds among members and, as we look forward, effectively new choir gathering to sing Choral Evensong. there is renewed consideration of how best to support the Through their singing, the Choir created new moments religious life and spiritual well-being of people of every of spaciousness and a different tempo for spiritual faith and none. contemplation amidst the otherwise busy demands of In December, the Chapel hosted a memorial service term. The College Director of Music, Catherine Groom, giving thanks for the life of Fitzwilliam College member along with our Organ Scholar, Anna Sozańska, did a Peter Knowles (1964). The sadness of his passing was marvellous job in recruiting and appointing new singers to mixed with fond memories shared by family and friends. the Choir which – remarkably – grew from three members On a sunny Saturday in September 2019, we were delighted before term began to fifteen choristers for the first service to host the wedding of Jennifer Platts (daughter of Dr in October 2018. This new choir, which sounded fantastic Kenneth Platts, p.6) and Arron Merrill – an all-round from the beginning, only grew in confidence and prowess happy occasion for everyone involved. as term continued. The combination of liturgy and music Finally, the new Chaplain is grateful to all who dating back as far as the sixteenth century and sung by our support the Chapel and to those who helped him to feel so excellent new choir offered a prime example of the best of welcomed and settled in his new role. It is wonderful to be a the old and new. In addition to the Choir, Sunday services part of Fitzwilliam College – ex antiquis et novissimis optima! were supported ably by newly-appointed Chapel Officers: George Richmond (Clerk) and Jesse Marks (Sacristan). REVD GRAHAM STEVENSON, Chaplain

29 CATHERINE Director GROOM, of Music Choral Suite. Later in Michaelmas Term we performed an Term we performed Later in Michaelmas Choral Suite. Lamb and Hymn to concert including Rejoice in the all-Britten a Christmas have included St. Cecilia. Other performances Davies and a Walford Party performance concert, a Garden sheet music from the recent gift of ‘150’ concert utilising Dr Christopher Nex. for the Choir is the provision ofA new annual commitment Fitzwilliam Chamber Opera,the chorus for the fully-staged 2019 singers swapped cassocksand in early Easter Term geometric prints for Mozart’s Theand surplices for 1950s roles also wereMarriage of Figaro (p.58). Some principal the Choir, including Joe Folley’scast from the body of Johnson’s oleaginous Don Basilio /charismatic Figaro, Ben uproariously funny Antonio.Don Curzio and Dan Carter’s at a Leavers’ The 2018–2019 Choir went out with a bang D Minor Service involving a rendition of Walmisley’s Road. We canticles that was audible on the Huntingdon Gwen Baines, wished Summer 2019 Leavers Jonas Amend, McHarg all the Ben Johnson, Amy McCormick, and Gabby very best. Scholar Incoming Choral Scholars and a Junior Organ are have been elected for October 2019, and plans afoot for 2019–2020 including an inter-Collegiate Hall, Beethoven’s 9th Symphony at West Road Concert Mozart’s Così fan tutte, events as part of the Cambridge to Rome in Festival of Female Composers, and a tour Summer 2020.

The Chapel Choir of 2018–2019 has comprised an Choir of 2018–2019 The Chapel group of people. I am kind and agreeable exceedingly and to Organ Scholar Anna deeply grateful to them musical focus and their good company, for their Soza´nska Graham Stevenson who has been and to The Reverend of the Chapel Choir from his unstinting in his support 2018. arrival in Michaelmas liturgical activity currently includes The Choir’s round of Prayer services with termly weekly Sung Evening and Taizé additions; occasional Communion, Compline Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, additional services around and services and Graces for Lent, and Ascension; and for the Reunion Commemoration of Benefactors of tenors Weekend. A particularly strong complement and exciting and basses this year has allowed for a varied Extra repertoire including several new compositions. with our Oxford services have included an ‘away’ Evensong memorable sister College St Edmund Hall, involving a with former Rheinberger Abendlied, and a Duruflé Requiem March 2019 singers and Organ Scholars as part of the Music Reunion Weekend. in several Beyond the Chapel, the Choir is now heard Burton concerts annually. Honorary Fellow Humphrey for an In (p.82) visited the College in November 2018 Conversation with the Master about his new biography of musical Leonard Bernstein (p.5), and the Choir provided for choir illustrations including Bernstein’s Missa Brevis and percussion and excerpts from the West Side Story The Chapel Choir Millie Papworth Millie

2019 30