Quality of Decision Making and Group Norms
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When Do People Trust Their Social Groups?
When Do People Trust Their Social Groups? Xiao Ma1y, Justin Cheng2, Shankar Iyer2, Mor Naaman1 {xiao,mor}@jacobs.cornell.edu,{jcheng,shankar94}@fb.com 1Jacobs Institute, Cornell Tech, 2Facebook y Work done while at Facebook. ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Trust facilitates cooperation and supports positive outcomes Trust contributes to the success of social groups by encour- in social groups, including member satisfaction, information aging people to interpret others’ actions and intentions fa- sharing, and task performance. Extensive prior research has vorably, thereby facilitating cooperation and a sense of com- examined individuals’ general propensity to trust, as well as munity [5, 22, 32, 54, 60, 76]. In groups, trust increases mem- the factors that contribute to their trust in specific groups. ber satisfaction and task performance [79], reduces con- Here, we build on past work to present a comprehensive flict [32, 79], and promotes effective response to crisis [52]. framework for predicting trust in groups. By surveying 6,383 Previous research has examined how different factors such Facebook Groups users about their trust attitudes and ex- as size [13, 21, 85], group cohesiveness [37], and activity [79] amining aggregated behavioral and demographic data for may impact people’s trust in their social groups, both on- these individuals, we show that (1) an individual’s propensity line [38] and offline [67]. However, previous studies tend to trust is associated with how they trust their groups, (2) to be small in scale, limited to specific contexts (e.g., online smaller, closed, older, more exclusive, or more homogeneous marketplaces), or only consider a specific type of group (e.g., groups are trusted more, and (3) a group’s overall friendship- organizations [18, 49]). -
Group Cohesion: Relationships with Work Team Culture
Psicothema 2009. Vol. 21, nº 1, pp. 97-104 ISSN 0214 - 9915 CODEN PSOTEG www.psicothema.com Copyright © 2009 Psicothema Group cohesion: Relationships with work team culture José C. Sánchez and Amaia Yurrebaso Universidad de Salamanca The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between group cohesion and the perceived culture and desired culture of work teams. Two separate studies were carried out with a time interval of one year. The first study had a sample of 50 work teams belonging to different organizations and the second study had a sample of 75 work teams. We used Lindell’s index of agreement to estimate the culture and cohesion variables. Multiple and hierarchical regression analysis in both studies confirmed our initial hypothesis, showing that perceived and desired culture were positively related to group cohesion, and that culture gap had a negative association with cohesion. To a lesser extent, control variables such as job tenure and gender had a positive relationship with cohesion. The implications of these results are discussed along with the importance of considering the group level as analysis. Cohesión grupal: relaciones con la cultura de los equipos de trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre cohesión grupal y la cultura percibida y deseada de los equipos de tra- bajo. Se realizaron dos estudios independientes con un intervalo de un año entre ambos. El primer es- tudio lo integraron 50 equipos de trabajo pertenecientes a diferentes organizaciones y el segundo estu- dio tuvo una muestra de 75 equipos de trabajo. Para estimar las variables de cultura y cohesión utilizamos el índice de acuerdo de Lindell. -
Moral Rhetoric in Twitter: a Case Study of the U.S
Moral Rhetoric in Twitter: A Case Study of the U.S. Federal Shutdown of 2013 Eyal Sagi ([email protected]) Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208 USA Morteza Dehghani ([email protected]) Brain Creativity Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA Abstract rhetoric is prevalent in political debates (e.g., Marietta, 2009). In this paper we apply a computational text analysis technique used for measuring moral rhetoric in text to analyze the moral Our investigation contributes to the general study of loadings of tweets. We focus our analysis on tweets regarding moral cognition by providing an alternative method for the 2013 federal government shutdown; a topic that was at the measuring moral concerns in a more naturalistic setting forefront of U.S. politics in late 2013. Our results demonstrate compared to self-report survey method and artificial that the positions of the members of the two major political paradigms used in traditional judgment and decision-making parties are mirrored by the positions taken by the Twitter experiments. communities that are aligned with them. We also analyze retweeting behavior by examining the differences in the moral Following Sagi and Dehghani (2013), we define moral loadings of intra-community and inter-community retweets. rhetoric as “the language used for advocating or taking a We find that retweets in our corpus favor rhetoric that moral stance towards an issue by invoking or making salient enhances the cohesion of the community, and emphasize various moral concerns”. Our analysis of moral rhetoric is content over moral rhetoric. We argue that the method grounded in Moral Foundations Theory (Graham et al., proposed in this paper contributes to the general study of 2013; Haidt & Joseph, 2004), which distinguishes between moral cognition and social behavior. -
Group Cohesiveness in the Industrial Work Group
Group Cohesiveness in the Industrial Work Group by STANLEY E. SEASHORE SURVEY RESEARCH CENTER INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN—ANN ARBOR 1954 The Institute for Social Research oi the University of Michigan is engaged in basic and applied research Ln the social sciences. The Institute has two main research units. The Survey Research Center is concerned with the Foreword application of sample survey methods to the study of eco• nomic behavior, human relations in organizations, and public attitudes and behavior in relation to public Issues. The Research Center for Group Dynamics studies the be• This Investigation Is one of a series conducted havior of people in groups. The research Is conducted ln within the Human Relations Program of the Survey Research industry, education, government and community life as well as in the laboratory, in an effort to discover the de• Center, Institute for Social Research. This program of research terminants of behavior, of group effectiveness and of human has as its aim the exploration of social and psychological fac• satisfactions. tors related to the effectiveness of organizations. The word Inquiries regarding the Institute and its research "program" is used with its full meaning and the study described program may be addressed to the Director of the Institute. here is but one in a sequence of closely related studies con• ducted over a span of seven years. I am particularly Indebted to Dr. Rensis Likert, Director of the Institute, and to Dr. Robert L. Kahn, Director of the Pro• gram, who provided the data for the study, encouraged the work, and made available the substantial resources, facilities and personal consultation needed for a study of this kind. -
Exploring the Perception of Nationalism in the United States and Saudi Arabia Reem Mohammed Alhethail Eastern Washington University
Eastern Washington University EWU Digital Commons EWU Masters Thesis Collection Student Research and Creative Works 2015 Exploring the perception of nationalism in the United States and Saudi Arabia Reem Mohammed Alhethail Eastern Washington University Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.ewu.edu/theses Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Alhethail, Reem Mohammed, "Exploring the perception of nationalism in the United States and Saudi Arabia" (2015). EWU Masters Thesis Collection. 330. http://dc.ewu.edu/theses/330 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research and Creative Works at EWU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in EWU Masters Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of EWU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPLORING THE PERCEPTION OF NATIONALISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND SAUDI ARABIA A Thesis Presented To Eastern Washington University Cheney, WA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Master of Arts in History By Reem Mohammed Alhethail Fall 2015 ii THESIS OF REEM MOHAMMED ALHETHAIL APPROVED BY DATE ROBERT SAUDERS, GRADUATE STUDY COMMITTEE DATE MICHAEL CONLIN, GRADUATE STUDY COMMITTEE DATE CHADRON HAZELBAKER, GRADUATE STUDY COMMITTEE iii MASTER’S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Eastern Washington University, I agree that (your library) shall make copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that copying of this project in whole or in part is allowable only for scholarly purposes. -
Cohesion in Online Groups
Cohesion in online groups P. Rogers & M. Lea Dept. Psychology, University of Manchester, UK Abstract Groups are traditionally defined in terms of the interpersonal bonds that exist between group members and thus cohesion is based on the strength of those bonds. The transition of this definition of the group onto online groups leads to attempts to emulate face to face behaviour through presentation of group member pictures, video and detailed personal descriptions. However, this can be problematic due to reduced bandwidth and individual cues necessary for supporting interpersonal behaviour. A social identity approach to groups, in contrast, defines the group in terms of group members' cognitive representation of the group identity, rather than interpersonal bonds. From this perspective cohesion is defined in terms of the strength and salience of the group identity and is not dependent on the transference of interpersonal cues, or constrained by group size. Indeed, interpersonal information can act to the detriment of group cohesion. This counter-intuitive approach to cohesion in online groups has a number of implications in terms of group development and group behaviour in online groups. Two longitudinal field studies of computer-mediated collaborative learning groups investigated these issues. Cohesion in the groups was achieved through the application of this approach to both the design of the group tasks and communication environment, and results showed amongst other things, that cohesion was determined by identification with the group, and that this identification was associated with increased accountability, decreased conflict and, furthermore, positively influenced group productivity (measured by the group mark) through group member prototypicality. -
How Cohesive Are You in Virtual Communities?
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 10, No. 15, Youth and Community Wellbeing: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for Empowerment V1. 2020, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2020 HRMARS How Cohesive are You in Virtual Communities? Hamizah Sahharon, Jusang Bolong, Siti Zobidah Omar, Khairuddin Idris To Link this Article: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i15/8246 DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i15/8246 Received: 27 September 2020, Revised: 18 October 2020, Accepted: 11 November 2020 Published Online: 27 November 2020 In-Text Citation: (Sahharon et al., 2020) To Cite this Article: Sahharon, H., Bolong, J., Omar, S. Z., & Idris, K. (2020). How Cohesive are You in Virtual Communities? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(15), 233–252. Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s) Published by Human Resource Management Academic Research Society (www.hrmars.com) This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this license may be seen at: http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode Special Issue: Youth and Community Wellbeing: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities for Empowerment V1, 2020, Pg. 233 –252 http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/IJARBSS JOURNAL HOMEPAGE Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://hrmars.com/index.php/pages/detail/publication-ethics 233 International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. -
Bandwagon Effect: Lesson Plan
Bandwagon Effect: Hop On! Bandwagon Effect: Lesson Plan Topic The bandwagon effect is the psychological phenomenon in which an individual does something because others, particularly a large group of others, are doing it. This action or behavior is done regardless of whether it aligns with the individual’s personal belief or even factual evidence. Possible subjects/classes Time needed ● Psychology ● English 30-45 minutes ● Economics/Marketing ● Politics Video link: https://academy4sc.org/topic/bandwagon-effect-hop-on/ Objective: What will students know/be able to do at the end of class? By the end of this lesson, students will be able to ● Define the bandwagon effect. ● Explain how and why the bandwagon effect functions in every social field. ● Combat the bandwagon effect in their daily lives. Key Concepts & Vocabulary Conformity, bandwagaon Materials Needed A popular song and device to play music for the introductory activity Before you watch If you can get student confidants in on your plan, play popular, well-known music in your classroom. Encourage students to sing along. You’ll need student confidants because students are highly unlikely to actually sing in your classroom without outside motivation. Your confidants should be able to attract students not in on the plan to join in. Bandwagon Effect: Hop On! If you fail to get students to sing, whether your confidants did not attract students or you decided against using confidants, this can also be learning experience. Regardless of the results, question students about what just happened. Why did no one or few people sing at the beginning? Encourage students to think beyond simple answers like “I didn’t want to” or “I didn’t know the lyrics” to deeper responses. -
11 Social Influence
9781405124003_4_011.qxd 10/31/07 3:09 PM Page 216 Social Influence 11 Miles Hewstone and Robin Martin KEY CONCEPTS autokinetic effect compliance consistency conversion deindividuation door-in-the-face technique evaluation apprehension foot-in-the-door technique group polarization groupthink informational influence lowballing technique majority influence (conformity) minority influence (innovation) norms normative influence obedience to authority referent informational influence self-categorization theory social comparison social facilitation social influence whistleblowing 9781405124003_4_011.qxd 10/31/07 3:09 PM Page 217 CHAPTER OUTLINE This chapter considers two main types of social influence, both of which can be understood in terms of fundamental motives. First, we discuss ‘incidental’ social influence, where people are influenced by the presence or implied presence of others, although there has been no explicit attempt to influence them. We consider the impact of the mere presence of other people on task performance, and the impact of social norms. In the second part of the chapter, we ask why people succumb to social influence, highlighting types of social influence and motives underlying influence on the part of the target of influence. In the third part of the chapter, we turn to ‘deliberate’ social influence. We introduce theory and research on compliance, the influence of numerical majorities and minorities, group decision-making and obedience. Throughout we will see that social influence is an ambivalent concept. On the one hand, it is the glue of society: it makes things work, and society would be utterly chaotic without it. But on the other hand it can be a dark force, underlying some of the most extreme, even immoral, forms of human social behaviour. -
Conformity and the Groupthink Mentality
Conformity and the Groupthink Mentality What is “groupthink?” Groupthink, a term coined by social psychologist Irving Janis (1972), occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of “mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment” (9). Groups affected by groupthink ignore alternatives and tend to take irrational actions that dehumanize other groups. A group is especially vulnerable to groupthink when its members are similar in background, when the group is insulated from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making. (emphasis added) Janis, Irving L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Question 1: How do the underlined portions of the text above contribute to oppression, discrimination or the mistreatment of others? Explain in the space below. Groupthink is one of the most troublesome downfalls of organized society. Today, it manifests itself on a sliding scale of severity, ranging from genocide to bullying to superstition to fashion fads to the “Digg mentality” of news reporting. Still, most of us refuse to believe that our opinions, perception and worldview are being in any way shaped by those of others. And yet they are. Even subcultures, the very essence of which is to stand out, are founded on group conformity — or, as James Thurber famously puts it, “why do you have to be a nonconformist like everyone else?” What’s perhaps most interesting about conformity is how our own relationship to it changes throughout the course of our lives. We spend our teenage years trying, desperately, to fit in, only to mature into trying, just as desperately, to stand out — a point eloquently echoed by one Etsy employee in his recent contribution to the tremendously important It Gets Better Project. -
The Neurobiology of Groupthink: a Qeeg Approach to the Study of Followership
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2016 The neurobiology of groupthink: a qEEG approach to the study of followership Angela A. Deulen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Deulen, Angela A., "The neurobiology of groupthink: a qEEG approach to the study of followership" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 628. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/628 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF GROUPTHINK: A qEEG APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF FOLLOWERSHIP A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership by Angela A. Deulen April, 2016 Kent Rhodes, Ed.D. – Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Angela A Deulen under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: Kent Rhodes, Ed.D., Chairperson John Tobin, J.D. Joseph Pelletier, Ph.D. © Copyright by Angela A. Deulen (2016) All Rights Reserved -
When Do People Trust Their Social Groups?
When Do People Trust Their Social Groups? Xiao Ma1†, Justin Cheng2, Shankar Iyer2, Mor Naaman1 1Jacobs Institute, Cornell Tech, 2Facebook {xiao,mor}@jacobs.cornell.edu,{jcheng,shankar94}@fb.com ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Trust facilitates cooperation and supports positive outcomes Trust contributes to the success of social groups by encourag- in social groups, including member satisfaction, information ing people to interpret others’ actions and intentions favor- sharing, and task performance. Extensive prior research has ably, thereby facilitating cooperation and a sense of commu- examined individuals’ general propensity to trust, as well as nity [5, 22, 33, 55, 60, 74]. In groups, trust increases member the factors that contribute to their trust in specific groups. satisfaction, and task performance; reduces conflict [33, 77]; Here, we build on past work to present a comprehensive and promotes effective response to crisis [53]. framework for predicting trust in groups. By surveying 6,383 Previous research has examined how different factors such Facebook Groups users about their trust attitudes and ex- as size [13, 21, 83], group cohesiveness [38], and activity [77] amining aggregated behavioral and demographic data for may impact people’s trust in their social groups, both on- these individuals, we show that (1) an individual’s propen- line [39] and offline [67]. However, previous studies tend sity to trust is associated with how they trust their groups, to be small in scale, limited to specific contexts (e.g., online (2) groups that are smaller, closed, older, more exclusive or marketplaces), or only consider a specific type of group more homogeneous are trusted more, and (3) a group’s over- (e.g., organizations [18, 50]).