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Home , Animism, Sang Pencerah

PROCEEDING ISBN: 978-602-6779-26-7 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education)

THE TRANSITION BETWEEN ANIMISM AND DYNAMISM TO ISLAMIC CULTURE FOUND IN SANG PENCERAH MOVIE

Bima Budi Utama*1), Farah Kamila Hayati 2), Zulfa Alfaniah3) Teacher’s Training and Education Faculty, Pekalongan University [email protected]

Abstract

Islam is the majority in Indonesia right now, before comes to Indonesia there is an old belief to the and which has magical power, it is called as animism and dynamism. Animism is a belief to the existence of magical spirit and . Dynamism is a belief to some object that believed can give a benefit or disaster. Animism and dynamism still exist in Indonesia until Islam comes, although there is a transition time in Hindu Buddha period. It is all shown and can be found in “Sang Pencerah” movie, in that movie we can see the transition between animism and dynamism to the Islamic culture in Indonesia. This research intended to find the transition of animism and dynamism to Islamic culture that exist in Indonesia. It uses descriptive qualitative method to find out the fact about the research. This study finds out that there is still an effect of animism and dynamism, and Indonesian citizen still do the animism and dynamism culture although they are moslems. Islam try to erase some negative culture from animism and dynamism which is not suitable with Islam culture.

Keywords: Animism, Dynamism, Sang Pencerah Movie, Islam Culture

Introduction during the transition of that belief to Islam is the majority religion the Islamic religion. The conflicts in Indonesia right now before Islam happen because animism and comes to Indonesia there is an old dynamism have been merged with belief to the spirit and object which the religion before Islam comes, has magical power, it is called which is Hindu Budha. Because of animism and dynamism. Animism is that, Indonesian citizen can’t erase a belief in the existence of a magical the animism and dynamism quickly spirit and ghost (Hasan: 286). and still believe that belief although Dynamism is a belief to some object they have become a Moslem. that believed can give a benefit or There is a character named disaster (Hasan: 287). , he is an ustadz or Animism and dynamism are public figure that teach and spread the oldest belief that exists in Islam in Indonesia especially in . Indonesia, it still exists during the He is the founder of Hindu Budha period that happened in organization which still exist until Indonesia. When Islam came to now. He has a big influence in the Indonesia, it starts to disappear development of Islam in Java, his although there are many conflicts influence can be seen in the film

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PROCEEDING ISBN: 978-602-6779-26-7 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education)

entitled “Sang Pencerah” which is released in 2010 produced by A. Islamizationamong Javanese HanungBramantyo. Culture (Animism and We are interested to use Sang Dinamism) Pencerah movie as a research about the transition of animism and Religion is synonymous with dynamism belief to Islamic religion culture. Because both are because there are very few research guidelines of instruction in . talks about this topic and we want to The difference is the religious do it based on the Sang Pencerah clues from and the cultural movie. instruction of human agreement. When the religion of Islam comes to the community, in fact, the Methodology community already has clues that are guidelines that are still local. This paper used Qualitative method. There is or no religion, the Qualitative research is a study only community will continue to live describes the state of the object with the guidelines they have. So associated with the object under the coming of the great religion is study is discussed in the study. This identical with the advent of new type of research is used to examine cultures that will interact with old the condition of natural objects (as culture and change the elements his opponent is an experiment), of the old culture. where the researcher is a key Culture is an element that instrument. (Sugiyono, 2006, p.9). cannot be released from human life. According to

Koentjaraningrat (1981), culture Discussion is the whole activity that includes Before Islam came, people still actions, deeds, human behavior, believed in two beliefs, namely and the work gained from animism and dynamism. In Java, the learning. On the one hand, population is very large compared to humans create cultures, but on the other islands, often referring to it as other hand, humans are the Kejawen. This Kejawen has been products of the culture in which born along with the existence of they live. This relationship of Javanese society itself. develop with influence is one of the evidence its nature that is open and closed in that human beings are unlikely to certain parts. Soemardjan assessed live without culture, no matter the that the low level of education in the primitives. Cultured life is a Javanese community was considered characteristic of human beings very helpful in the process of and will continue to live through assimilation of people from outside the flow of times. As a legacy of who then brought certain teaching to ancestors, culture forms the daily the Javanese community living habits that are inherited (Soemardjan, 1991: 40; Afdillah, hereditary. It grows and develops 2010: 1). in human life and almost always

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PROCEEDING ISBN: 978-602-6779-26-7 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education)

experiences the process of re- none of the major world creation. are animistic Javanese culture until now (though they may contain still strong Hindu-Buddhist animistic elements), most cultural animism dynamism. other religions—e.g., those When Hindu- entered in of tribal peoples—are. For Java became a manifestation of this reason, an ethnographic Hindu-Buddhist belief, the understanding of animism, activities that they do in the form based on field studies of of ceremonies, traditions that still tribal peoples, is no less seen its existence to date. One of important than a theoretical the Javanese cultures that are still one, concerned with the strong will be the belief of nature or origin of religion. animism and dynamism is the Ahmad Dahlan tradition of Nyadran. That until did a lot of activities. now is still done in some Javanese Activities that none of them people. This Nyadran ceremony is missed were preaching a tribute to ancestors and can also activities. He is increasingly be a form of mass size. In the improving da'wah with the interior of Java, Nyadran is teachings of his renewal. usually held at the funeral before Among his well-known main the month of fasting (Syaban), teachings, he taught that all while in Java the Commissioner was banned unless was conducted on the beach in the there was a command from early Jumadil (the year 2009 falls Prophet Muhammad. He also in April). This creates a teaches the ban on grave distinctive characteristic of coastal graves, worship and culture and has a certain appeal in excessive treatment of the community. heirlooms such as kris, carriage, and spear. In 1. Animism addition, he also purified The doctrine that all Islam from mixing the life is produced by a spiritual teachings of animism. force separate from matter. Animism, belief in 2. Dynamism innumerable spiritual beings Dynamism is a concerned with human general name for a group of affairs and capable of philosophical views helping or harming human concerning the nature of interests. Animistic beliefs matter. However different were first competently they may be in other surveyed by Sir Edward respects, all these views Burnett Tylor in his work agree in making matter Primitive Culture (1871), to consist essentially of simple which is owed the continued and indivisible units, currency of the term. While substances, or forces.

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PROCEEDING ISBN: 978-602-6779-26-7 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education)

Dynamism is sometimes Abu Bakar family. In the used to denote systems that course of his life, he is a admit not only matter and businessman and an ustad extension, but also spreading muhammadiyah determinations, tendencies, flow. He sells batik in his and forces intrinsic and youth, then he establishes the essential to matter. More muhammadiyah organization properly, however, it means in 1912 and becomes the exclusive systems that do head of muhammadiyah away with the dualism of organization. He does many matter and force by reducing renewal through islamic the former to the latter. culture in Indonesia, because The Film tells the islam in Indonesia is still story of Ahmad Dahlan's influenced by the rest of struggle to uphold the pure hindu buddha culture that values of Islam amid the have been disappear after mixing of religious islam comes, but the effect is teachings, to improve the still exist although it has dignity of people Islam changed to islamic culture. during the Dutch He does the renewal by government. In his struggle, using acculturation, to make Dahlan faced many Indonesian citizen can obstacles, most of whom welcome to islamic culture came from his family and and can be blended slowly Muslims themselves. He was with the rest of hindu buddha willing to be despised and culture. given the designation "Kyai The writer will use pagan" only for associating Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan as non-Muslims. His disciples a center character from Sang also had a bad prejudice to Pencerah movie as a main him, but he explained that in subject. Kyai Haji Ahmad the learning needed is Dahlan is a unique character prejudiced either on anyone, in this fil, because he can including on different insert islam culture through beliefs. hindu buddha culture. Then the writer will analyze the 3. Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan transtion between animism Kyai Haji Ahmad and dinamism belief to Dahlan as called as islamic culture found in Snag Muhammad darwis was born Pencerah movie. in , 1st August 1868 and died iin B. The acculturation and relation Yogyakarta, 23rd February of Javanese and Islamic 1923 in 54 years old as a cultures national hero. He is the 4th Culture is a habit that is child of 7 brothers from K.H. produced because of the

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PROCEEDING ISBN: 978-602-6779-26-7 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education)

community, E.B. Taylor defines his voice heard by the whole culture as something complex room. There, he found out who that includes knowledge, beliefs, had frowned. However, he did art, morals, laws, customs, and not scold his students and even abilities and habits that are explained how important fart obtained from community was in human life. members (Suwarno, 2013: 47). The writer that there is a Because religion (belief) is scene that very affecting the film included in one element of and can describes the setting of culture, religion will also Javanese region in the past. In influence the culture of the past time, there are many old people who adhere to it people who still keep the hindu (Haryanto, 2015: 26). Including buddha culture legacy from the religions that enter Java will ancestors. They becomes the certainly have a very close intruder for Kyai Haji Ahmad relationship and will also affect Dahlan in spreading islamc Javanese culture itself. culture. Here is his utetrance In the process of spreading from the film that was very Islam in Java, there are two memorable for the audience. He approaches used so that the sais “Have a principle, but don't value of Islam is absorbed into a be a fanatic, because fanatics are part of Javanese culture The first the hallmark of fools. We prove approach is the Islamization of that Muslims can work with Javanese culture. This effort is anyone. Origin Lakum Dinukum characterized by the use of Waliyadin. For you your religion Islamic terms, the names of and to me mine.”. It means that Islam and the role of Islamist he wants olpeople not to be roles on various old stories, to fanatic because fanatic will lead the application of laws, Islamic them to the foolishness. The norms in various aspects of life. sentence “Lakum Dinukum Besides that, in the story of Waliyadin”itself comes from the Sang Pencerah, at that time KH. holy quran that means everyone Ahmad Dahlan began teaching has their religion, and we must children from the Dutch. The have a tolerance in some way, so beginning of his struggle in that they don’t mix one rekigion teaching students was not to another religion and people immediately accepted by his can live calm if they do thath in students. He is very persistent, their daily life. and not easily discouraged. From there he used the theory Often he is ridiculed and that the teacher must be able to belittled by his students. In his apply the student center or it first day he taught, he felt with a could be interpreted that students situation that was not must be more active rather than conditional. There were even teachers who always explained one of his students who the material. Here, we can take accidentally farted in the room, the perseverance of KH. Ahmad

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PROCEEDING ISBN: 978-602-6779-26-7 1st National Seminar of PBI (English Language Education)

Dahlan in fighting for education society in Java by using even though the students were acculturation. When he spreads not only Muslims but also islam, there are some obstacle that children of the Dutch. comes from the older people which In the theory Analysis still hold the cultural legacy from Discourse, the implementation their ancestors. In the end, he can of KH. Ahmad Dahlan was handle it very well and islmaic heavily influenced by Middle culture can spread along Java though Eastern intellectuals, the real Muhammadiyah orgaization. It movement of this thought among proves that there is a transition which was the establishment of between animism and dynamism the Muhammadiyah belief to islamic culture found in organization, changing the Sang Pencerah movie. direction of the , and calling on his students to give orphans. The education system References formed by KH. Ahmad Dahlan Giorgi, A. (2009). The descriptive collaborated on a system of phenomenological method in secular education and religious psychology: A modified Husserlian education. approach. Duquesne University Press. Conclusion Bassnett, S., & Trivedi, H. Based on the discussions outlined (2012). Postcolonial translation: using the theory of postcolonial, the Theory and practice. Routledge. writer found that there is transition between animism and dinamism Bertens, H. (2007). Literary theory: belief to islamic culture found in The basics. Routledge. Sang Pencerah movie. Islam comes slowly and blend with the last Puspitasari, D. G., Sabana, S., & culture, which is hindu buddha, after Ahmad, H. A. (2016). The Cultural that Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan uses Identity of Nusantara in a Movie acculturation method to blend them, Entitled Sang Pencerah by Hanung so that islam can be welcomed by Bramantyo. Harmonia: Journal of Indonesian citizen kindly. Arts Research and Education, 16(1), Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan makes 57-65. many renewal though hindu buddha culture by inserting islamic culture, Richards, I. A. (2017). Principles of so that islamic culture can be literary criticism. Routledge. received by Indonesian citizen well. Sir (1871). He does that by establishing Primitive Culture: Researches Into Muhammadiyah organization in the Development of Mythology, 1912, then he becomes the head of Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Muhammadiyah. He spreads islamic Custom. J. Murray. p. 260. culture to every single level of

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