Trace Elements in Anaerobic Biotechnologies
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Methanospirillum Hungatei GP1 As an S Layer MAX FIRTEL,1 GORDON SOUTHAM,1 GEORGE HARAUZ,2 and TERRY J
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Dec. 1993, p. 7550-7560 Vol. 175, No. 23 0021-9193/93/237550-11$02.00/0 Copyright © 1993, American Society for Microbiology Characterization of the Cell Wall of the Sheathed Methanogen Methanospirillum hungatei GP1 as an S Layer MAX FIRTEL,1 GORDON SOUTHAM,1 GEORGE HARAUZ,2 AND TERRY J. BEVERIDGE'* Department ofMicrobiology' and Department ofMolecular Biology and Genetics, 2 College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 Received 16 June 1993/Accepted 27 September 1993 The cell wall of MethanospiriUum hungatei GP1 is a labile structure that has been difficult to isolate and Downloaded from characterize because the cells which it encases are contained within a sheath. Cell-sized fragments, 560 nm wide by several micrometers long, of cell wall were extracted by a novel method involving the gradual drying of the filaments in 2% (wtlvol) sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10%0 (wt/vol) sucrose in 50 mM N-2-hydroxyeth- ylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer containing 10 mM EDTA. The surface was a hexagonal array (a = b = 15.1 nm) possessing a helical superstructure with a ca. 2.50 pitch angle. In shadowed relief, the smooth outer face was punctuated with deep pits, whereas the inner face was relatively featureless. Computer-based two-dimensional reconstructed views of the negatively stained layer demonstrated 4.0- and 2.0-nm-wide electron-dense regions on opposite sides of the layer likely corresponding to the openings of funnel-shaped channels. The face featuring the larger openings best corresponds to the outer face of the layer. -
Super-Compost at Missouri Organic 7700 E
Soil Regeneration Super-Compost at Missouri Organic 7700 E. US 40 Highway, KC, MO 64129 Winter 2017 Since June 2016, a few of us have worked together to make a better commercial compost. Our team collaborated with the goal to produce a “premium compost” able to deliver consistent, reliable results for effective use in commercial food production, horticulture and landscaping. Kevin Anderson, Vice President of Missouri Organic, was enthusiastic, did his own research, contributed his own ideas and materials. Despite setbacks, Kevin persisted to advance this effort a huge leap forward. In a recent email, Kevin set the bar high for our first test batch by naming it carbon that increases water-holding capacity and improves "super-compost." I’m confident we can deliver that quality – fertilizer efficiency. This boosts Cation Exchange Capacity but maybe not fully on the first try. (CEC), and adds Anion Exchange Capacity (AEC) to also capture nitrogen and phosphorus. Finally, the biomass is Monday January 30, we built the first experimental inoculated by a broader diversity of microbes beyond the usual digesting bacteria. The ultimate result of these improvements is compost with measurably higher fertility, higher performance, higher yield, and higher quality crops. Our first experiment began as a 300-foot long, 900- cubic-yard windrow of ground yard waste, with restaurant and retail food waste. Assorted minerals were blended into biochar, then moistened with wood vinegar and sea minerals. This was spread on top of the windrow. After two passes with a compost turner, minerals and biochar were nicely, finely mixed into a soft, porous pile of biomass. -
Effects of Soil Remineralization by Rock Dust on the Emergence and Early Growth of Banana (Musa Acuminata) Smart M.O., Adesida O.A., Okunlola T.O., Isola J.O
GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 763 GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com EFFECTS OF SOIL REMINERALIZATION BY ROCK DUST ON THE EMERGENCE AND EARLY GROWTH OF BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) SMART M.O., ADESIDA O.A., OKUNLOLA T.O., ISOLA J.O ABSTRACT The study evaluated the effects of soil remineralization by rock dust on the emergence and early growth of Banana (Musa acuminata). Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of remineralization of soil using granite and basalt rock dusts as soil remineralizers. There were seven treatments including control used for the experiment and these were replicated four times. The treatments were T1 (0.5tons/ha of granite dust per 2kg of top soil), T2 (0.5tons/ha of basalt dust per 2kg of top soil), T3 (1.0tons/ha of granite dust per 2kg of top soil), T4 (1.0tons/ha of basalt dust per 2kg of top soil), T5 (1.5tons/ha of granite dust per 2kg of top soil), T6 (1.5tons/ha of basalt dust per 2kg of top soil), T7 (Control). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data were collected on days of emergence, number of leaves, plant height (cm) and stem girth (cm) for 5 weeks. Watering was done twice daily both in the morning and evening. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and no significance means among the treatments except for number of leaves at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that T6 (1.5tons/ha basalt) had the best mean days to emergence (16.75) while T7 (control) had the least mean performance for emergence (33.50). -
Six Steps for Organic Lawn Care
GRASSROOTS HEALTHY LAWN PROGRAM Six Steps for Organic Lawn Care Step One: March/April Soil Test A soil test tells you what condition the soil is in and what kinds of amendments it might need. Using a clean sampling tube, take samples from various locations on the property (more samples for larger properties) at a 4 to 5 inch depth. Remove debris (roots, thatch) from the top of the sample, air dry overnight, mix the samples thoroughly and send a one cup of the mixture to the lab. Request a standard test which usually includes soil pH, calcium, magnesium and potassium levels, phosphorus levels and Cation Exchange Capacity. You should also request percent of organic matter. Basic soil testing is available from the Cornell Cooperative Extension (instructions and fee schedules are posted on the website) and other providers. More complex microbiology tests are offered by the Soil Foodweb (631) 474-8848. Basic tests range from $15 to $40 and biology tests range from $85 to $225. Aeration Compaction is the number one enemy of turfgrass, and is the most common problem faced by turf managers, particularly on playing fields with heavy traffic. Compacted soil prevents turf roots from penetrating deep into the soil profile (turf roots grow in the air spaces between soil particles). If the soil is compacted (to the point where a penetrometer reads more than 200 pounds per square inch in the top 3 inches of soil, aeration is required, using either a core or slice aerator. Aeration is stressful for turf and should only be undertaken when the grass is actively growing, but can be performed as often as every two to four weeks when necessary. -
Taxonomy and Ecology of Methanogens
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Horizon / Pleins textes FEMS Microbiology Reviews 87 (1990) 297-308 297 Pubfished by Elsevier FEMSRE 00180 Taxonomy and ecology of methanogens J.L. Garcia Laboratoire de Microbiologie ORSTOM, Université de Provence, Marseille, France Key words: Methanogens; Archaebacteria; Taxonomy; Ecology 1. INTRODUCTION methane from CO2 using alcohols as hydrogen donors; 2-propanol is oxidized to acetone, and More fhan nine reviews on taxonomy of 2-butanol to 2-butanone. Carbon monoxide may methanogens have been published during the last also be converted into methane; most hydro- decade [l-91, after the discovery of the unique genotrophic species (60%) will also use formate. biochemical and genetic properties of these Some aceticlastic species are incapable of oxidiz- organisms led to the concept of Archaebacteria at ing H,. The aceticlastic species of the genus the end of the seventies. Moreover, important Methanosurcina are the most metabolically diverse economic factors have ,placed these bacteria in the methanogens, whereas the obligate aceticlastic limelight [5], including the need to develop alter- Methanosaeta (Methanothrix) can use only acetate. native forms of energy, xenobiotic pollution con- The taxonomy of the methanogenic bacteria trol, the enhancement of meat yields in the cattle has been extensively revised in the light of new industry, the distinction between biological and information based on comparative studies of 16 S thermocatalytic petroleum generation, and the rRNA oligonucleotide sequences, membrane lipid global distribution of methane in the earth's atmo- composition, and antigenic fingerprinting data. sphere. The phenotypic characteristics often do not pro- vide a sufficient means of distinguishing among taxa or determining the phylogenetic position of a 2. -
Archaea in Coastal Marine Environments (Achabaterla/Phyoey/Batwe Nt/N a Eclogu) EDWARD F
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 89, pp. 5685-5689, June 1992 Ecology Archaea in coastal marine environments (achabaterla/phyoey/batwe nt/n a eclogU) EDWARD F. DELONG* Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 Communicated by George N. Somero, March 17, 1992 (receivedfor review February 4, 1992) ABSTRACT Archaea (archaebacteria) are a phenotypi- macroaggregate samples, eubacterial- or archaeal-biased cally diverse group of microorganisms that share a common PCR primers were routinely used to exclude the amplification evolutionary history. There are four general phenotypic groups of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA-encoding DNA (rDNA). Sur- of archaea: the methanogens, the extreme halophiles, the prisingly, archaeal rDNA was detected in many samples. sulfate-reducing archaea, and the extreme thermophiles. In the This report describes the detection of two marine archaeal marine environment, archaeal habitats are generally limited to lineages and their preliminary phylogenetic and ecological shallow or deep-sea anaerobic sediments (free-living and en- characterization. dosymbiotic methanogens), hot springs or deep-sea hydrother- mal vents (methanogens, sulfate reducers, and extreme ther- mophiles), and highly saline land-locked seas (halophiles). This METHODS report provides evidence for the widespread occurrence of Bacterioplankton Collection. Coastal water samples were unusual archaea in oxygenated coasl surface waters of North collected and screened through a 10-L&m Nytex mesh prefil- America. Quantitative mates indicated that up to 2% ofthe ter. Bacterioplankton were concentrated from these 10-pm- total ribosomal RNA extracted fom coastal bacterioplankton filtered water samples by using a CH2PR filtration unit assemblages was archaeal. Archaeal small-subunit ribosomal (Amicon) fitted with a polysulfone hollow-fiber filter (30-kDa RNA-encoding DNAs (rDNAs) were coned from mixed bac- cutoff). -
See Pages 40 to 44 January 2013
Rising out of the dust January40 JANUARY 2013 2013 see Pages 40www .kitchengarden.co.ukto 44 Eat your minErals Minerals and trace elements are essential to human health, and the mineral content of our food has dropped alarmingly. One study, published in Nutrition and Health in 2003, compares the mineral content of a range of foods, including 27 vegetables, over the period 1940 to 1991. Taking the 27 vegetables overall, sodium dropped by an average of 49%, potassium by 16%, magnesium by 24%, calcium by 46%, iron Cameron spreads rock dust on half of Terrace four for a growing trial. by 27% and copper by 76%. The study notes that you would need to have eaten 10 tomatoes in 1991 to obtain the same amount of copper as one would have given you in 1940. It cannot be proved that this is a direct result of the loss of minerals from the soil, nor that the minerals in crops were already in decline before 1940, since there is insufficient earlier data. Agrochemicals – introduced around 1940 – may well be a factor. However, an analysis comparing one of the Thomsons’ Rockdust-grown carrots with a chemically-grown supermarket one does suggest that crops grown in remineralised soil are correspondingly mineral-rich. It found that the Thomsons’ carrot had up to 10 times the mineral content: 14,380mg of calcium per kilogram as opposed to 4815mg, for instance, and 290.3mg of iron compared to 39.77mg. How to usE became a committed supporter, and ended up trialled and tested sEEr rockdust offering them a house and as much land as they In terms of demonstrating the effectiveness of needed. -
Methanogenic Microorganisms in Industrial Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment
processes Review Methanogenic Microorganisms in Industrial Wastewater Anaerobic Treatment Monika Vítˇezová 1 , Anna Kohoutová 1, Tomáš Vítˇez 1,2,* , Nikola Hanišáková 1 and Ivan Kushkevych 1,* 1 Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] (M.V.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (N.H.) 2 Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.V.); [email protected] (I.K.); Tel.: +420-549-49-7177 (T.V.); +420-549-49-5315 (I.K.) Received: 31 October 2020; Accepted: 24 November 2020; Published: 26 November 2020 Abstract: Over the past decades, anaerobic biotechnology is commonly used for treating high-strength wastewaters from different industries. This biotechnology depends on interactions and co-operation between microorganisms in the anaerobic environment where many pollutants’ transformation to energy-rich biogas occurs. Properties of wastewater vary across industries and significantly affect microbiome composition in the anaerobic reactor. Methanogenic archaea play a crucial role during anaerobic wastewater treatment. The most abundant acetoclastic methanogens in the anaerobic reactors for industrial wastewater treatment are Methanosarcina sp. and Methanotrix sp. Hydrogenotrophic representatives of methanogens presented in the anaerobic reactors are characterized by a wide species diversity. Methanoculleus -
2009Campbelllphd.Pdf
Campbell, Nicola S. (2009) The use of rockdust and composted materials as soil fertility amendments. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/617/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The Use of Rockdust and Composted Materials as Soil Fertility Amendments Nicola S. Campbell BSc (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Glasgow February 2009 Nicola S. Campbell, 2009 Abstract This thesis aims to investigate the use of two materials: rockdust and greenwaste compost for use as soil fertility amendments. A field trial was conducted over three years to investigate the impact these materials had on plant yield, plant nutrient content, soil chemistry and soil microbial communities in direct comparison with chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure. There were annual applications of compost, manure and chemical fertilizer in spring with one rockdust application in the autumn prior to the first year of the trial. Two harvests were carried out each year in summer and autumn to determine differences in plant yield. -
To Love and Regenerate the Earth: Further Perspectives On
To Love And Regenerate The Earth: Further Perspectives On Written and Compiled by Don Weaver, Co-Author of FERTILE GROUND by Rob Schouten ã 1995 To Love And Regenerate The Earth: Further Perspectives on The Survival of Civilization. Written and compiled by Don Weaver. Copyright 2002 by Don Weaver, to protect the wholeness and integrity of this work. Communications may be addressed to: Don Weaver Earth Health Regeneration POB 620478 Woodside, CA 94062-0478 e-mail: [email protected] The purpose of this book is to offer the world's responsible people a non-commercial gift of potentially world-transforming information, ideas, and insights on the social, ecological and climatic problems now threatening the future of humanity and the whole Biosphere. Also, to offer potential solutions which respond to the causes of these problems, and which might empower us to wisely regenerate the Biosphere and restore health and balance to the sociosphere. The author/editor is an independent (and interdependent) volunteer researcher hoping to encourage humanity's continued awakening, as well as "the progress of Science and useful Arts," one of the Constitutionally stated purposes of copyright law. In quoting from a broad spectrum of journals, websites, and books, I did not intend to substitute for them nor discourage careful, open-minded study of the entirety of them, nor do I in any way discourage their purchase if for sale. I found very helpful, as you may, the information and guidelines on the Fair Use privilege in books and websites on the topic. Especially comprehensive is the Fifth Edition (Feb. -
Enabling Food Security Through Use of Local Rocks and Minerals
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Newcastle University E-Prints 1 1 Extractive Industries and Society, 2018, in press 2 3 4 Enabling food security through use of local rocks and minerals 5 6 David A C Manning 7 School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8 7RU, UK 9 [email protected] 10 11 Suzi Huff Theodoro 12 Universidade de Brasília/ UnB, Postgraduate Program in Environment and Rural Development / PPG- 13 MADER Brasília/DF. Brazil 14 [email protected] 15 16 17 18 Abstract 19 20 In many developing countries, replacement of the nutrients needed to produce subsistence and 21 cash crops is a major challenge, because of cost and long/complex supply chains. Nutrient audits 22 show that major nutrients are being removed from soils faster than they are being replenished, 23 which is clearly unsustainable. The use of crushed silicate rocks as a source of plant nutrients 24 predates the use of the chemical fertilizers that have revolutionised global agriculture. Such highly 2 25 soluble fertilizers are not ideal for the deeply leached oxisols widespread in the global south, and 26 are rapidly leached. In these soils, silica may also need to be added as nutrient. In these 27 circumstances, crushed silicate rocks have great potential to maintain soil health and to support 28 crop production. In Brazil crushed rock remineralizers have been developed, and Brazilian federal 29 law allows these to be used for crop nutrition, with specifications clearly defined by appropriate 30 regulation. -
Rare Horizontal Gene Transfer in a Unique Motility Structure Elie Desmond, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Simonetta Gribaldo
Phylogenomics of the archaeal flagellum: rare horizontal gene transfer in a unique motility structure Elie Desmond, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Simonetta Gribaldo To cite this version: Elie Desmond, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Simonetta Gribaldo. Phylogenomics of the archaeal flagel- lum: rare horizontal gene transfer in a unique motility structure. BMC Evolutionary Biology, BioMed Central, 2007, 7, pp.53-70. 10.1186/1471-2148-7-106. hal-00698404 HAL Id: hal-00698404 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00698404 Submitted on 7 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Phylogenomics of the archaeal flagellum: rare horizontal gene transfer in a unique motility structure Elie Desmond1, Celine Brochier-Armanet2,3 and Simonetta Gribaldo*1 Address: 1Unite Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extremophiles, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France, 2Université de Provence Aix-Marseille