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Geological Series, Quaternary Geology, Grand Bend Area, Southern Ontario

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Geological Series, Quaternary Geology, Grand Bend Area, Southern Ontario THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT Your use of this Ontario Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use. Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. 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Contact: FOR FURTHER PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL: INFORMATION ON The Reproduction of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 the EIP or Content Services Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. 5691 [email protected] (inside Canada, United States) The Purchase of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 MNDM Publications Sales Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. 5691 [email protected] (inside Canada, United States) Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678 Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938 [email protected] (inside Canada, United States) MARGINAL NOTES REFERENCES Geological mapping of the Grand Bend area was carried out in the summer of 1974 with the assistance of B.E. Broster and T. Humphrey. Hewitt, D.F., and Liberty, B.A. 1972: Paleozoic Geology of Southern Ontario; Ontario Dept. Mines, Ontario Field techniques included the use of hand augers and soil sampling tubes Map 2254, scale 1 inch to 16 miles. Division of Mines combined with the examination of natural or man-made exposures available at the time of mapping. Supplementary information was obtained from the water well, Karrow, P.F., and Apon, J.F. and gas and oil well records for the area. Air photographs at a scale of four 1974: Quaternary Geology of the St. Marys Area, (East Half), Southern HONOURABLE LEO BERNIER, Minister of Natural Resources inches to one mile were used. Ontario; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.918, Geol. Ser., scale 1:50,000. Geology 1973. DR. J. K. REYNOLDS, Deputy Minister of Natural Resources PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY Karrow, P.F., Apon, J.F., Hutnik, F., Pucovsky, G.M. and Ferguson, A.J. G. A. Jewett, Executive Director, Division of Mines E. G. Pye, Director, Geological Branch Paleozoic bedrock does not outcrop in the map-area. The most recent 1974: Quaternary Geology of the St. Marys Area (West Half) Southern Paleozoic Geology map of the area (Hewitt and Liberty 1972) shows the middle Ontario; Ontario Div. Mines, Prelim. Map P.956, Geol, Ser., Devonian limestones of the Dundee Formation underlying the entire field-area. scale 1:50,000. Geology 1973, 1974. The limestones and dolostones of the Detroit River Group are believed to sub- Karrow, P.F., Ben-Tahir, I., Steele, D.B. and Morrison, W.D. crop slightly to the north and east of the map-area, and the shales and lime­ 1965: Grand Bend Sheet, Bedrock Topographic Series; Ontario Dept. Mines, PRELIMINARY MAP P. 974 stones of the Hamilton Group are known to outcrop just south of the field-area, Prelim. P.265, scale 1:50,000. Data compiled 1964. GEOLOGICAL SERIES at Thedford and on the Lake Huron shore southwest of Port Franks. Taylor, F.B. The bedrock topography, as determined from well records, has been pub­ 1913: The Moraine Systems of Southwestern Ontario; Royal Canadian lished by Karrow (1965). The addition of new data has necessitated revisions Inst. Trans., V.10, p.1-23. QUATERNARY GEOLOGY in the bedrock topography and a new bedrock topography map is in preparation. In general, the bedrock surface rises gently from a low of just under 500 feet Terasmae, J., Karrow, P.F., and Dreimanis, A. (150 m) a.s.l. along the Lake Huron shore to a high of 750 to 800 feet (220 1972: Quaternary Stratigraphy and Geomorphology of the Eastern Great to 240 m) along the eastern edge of the map-area. The bedrock surface tends Lakes Region of Southern Ontario; Field Excursion A 42, Guidebook GRAND BEND AREA • to rise slightly in the northeastern corner of the area with a resulting de­ Twenty-Fourth Session International Geological Congress, Montreal, crease in drift thickness. This decrease is reflected by the presence of Quebec, 75p. • several depressions with internal drainage which are believed to represent SOUTHERN ONTARIO ||j sink holes. In the southwestern corner of the map, south of the town of Grand ,| Bend, the bedrock surface is known to rise. With the exception of the north­ Scale: 1:50,000 eastern corner of the area, where the drift thickness may be less than 50 feet 1.25 inches to 1 mile approximately " (15 m), the entire area is covered with approximately 100 feet (30 m) of Miles 1 0 1 i,J Quaternary sediments. This figure increases locally to as high as 200 feet f=* T-——rf^-i i-=ii —-- (60 m) on the Wyoming Moraine. Metres 1000 0 1000 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY The geomorphology in the Grand Bend area closely reflects the Quaternary NTS Reference: 40 P/5 Geology. The area is dominated by the compound ridge named the Wyoming Moraine ©ODM 1974 (Taylor 1913), which parallels the Lake Huron shore. The moraine is composed of three fairly distinct ridges in the north, but the easternmost ridge Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to diminishes leaving only two ridges in the south. In the depressions between the Ontario Division of Mines and the material is properly the ridges and on the eastern margin of the moraine are plains of outwash sand referenced. 5, and lacustrine silt and clay. To the east of the Wyoming Moraine, flat to gently rolling ground moraine is present. To the south the ground moraine rises into a very poorly defined end moraine at Centralia. On its western flank, adjoining Lake Huron, the Wyoming Moraine has been modified by the erosive action of ancient Lake Warren. This is represented by a broad lake plain along the edge of present Lake Huron. In the Grand Bend LEGEND area, the presence of Lake Warren is also recorded by a well developed beach ridge at approximately 740 feet (225 m) a.s.l. which runs in a line from CENOZOIC Blake in the north, through Dashwood, to Mount Carmel in the south. QUATERNARY RECENT In the southwestern corner of the map-sheet, there is an extensive area which represents a former embayment at a time when the water level in the Huron 11 Alluvium; young stream deposits of gravel, basin was just over 600 feet (180 m). The presence of a water level is re­ sand and silt. corded by a series of bay mouth bars and an accompanying shore bluff at approx­ imately 605 feet (183 m) on the eastern side of the embayment, and two bar-like 10 Organic deposits; peat, muck and marl. structures, slightly below 600 feet (180 m) between the old Ausable River channel and the present Lake Huron shore. The elevation of these shoreline features woi^ld suggest formation during the time of Lakes Algonquin and/or Nipissing.
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