White Paper Railway Security with the Aqueti Camera Ensemble

White Paper

Railway Security with the Aqueti Camera Ensemble

Disclaimer This document provides information “as is” without warranty of any kind. Aqueti disclaims all warranties, either expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a purpose. In no event shall Aqueti be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits, or special damages, even if Aqueti or its suppliers advise of the possibility of such changes.

Document Lifecycle Aqueti may occasionally update product documentation between releases of the related software. To ensure you have the most current information, refer to www.aqueti.com.

Publication Date Railway Security with the Aqueti Camera Ensemble June 2019

Trademarks Aqueti, the “Q” logo, and “Aqueti Reinventing Resolution” are registered trademarks of Aqueti Incorporated. All other brands and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders and are used only for reference where specifically needed without any intent to infringe. All other product and company names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

Getting Help For product information, updates, licensing, documentation, and service, visit www.aqueti.com. For support inquiries, use [email protected].

www.aqueti.com 2 [email protected] Contents

Introduction ...... 4 Aqueti Mantis ...... 5 Aqueti Pathfinder ...... 6 Aqueti Camera Ensemble Overview...... 7 Aqueti Imaging System vs. Traditional Fixed Cameras ...... 8 Defending Your Rail Yards...... 9 Monitoring Multiple Crossings with One Pathfinder ...... 11 Zooming With QView...... 13

For sales inquiries, contact: Kenneth Darby, Jr. Vice President of Sales and Marketing Aqueti, Inc. Mobile: 407-733-6550

3 Railway Security with the Aqueti Camera Ensemble

Introduction

The platforms, yards, and crossings in your rail system demand a surveillance system that can identify dangers before they affect your property, employees, and customers. Being able to zoom into wide angle video of these areas can help prevent accidents and investigate incidents in full detail after they occur. However, with most security cameras on the market today you are limited in your ability to digitally zoom after an incident has ocurred. Until Aqueti, meaningful use of surveillance always fell short because of the physical limits of traditional single-lens cameras and video software.

Now, Aqueti Mantis imaging systems give security personnel for the world’s largest and most important facilities products to match their requirements. And video they can use - 100 megapixel video that can be zoomed in with clarity throughout its field of view. A dedicated operating system and software that combines the video from multi-lens cameras into a single interactive video that multiple users can view and zoom independently. Plus flexible storage and display options with Aqueti’s open platform. Aqueti didn’t just make a better camera, they invented the new standard for video surveillance.

Railway Security Requirements The Aqueti Solution

Resolution Create the clearest image possible for detection, Aqueti Mantis array cameras capture video at 100 recognition, and identification. megapixel resolution that you can zoom into within the entire field of view - with live or recorded video.

Frame Rate Smooth, clear video with a choice of frame rates. Aqueti Mantis and Pathfinder array cameras can record from 5 to 30 frames per second.

Networks and Ability to actively monitor live video and store it for Flexible internal storage on the Aqueti appliance and storage later forensic investigation. interface with external network storage.

Video compression At least meeting the industry standard of H.264. Aqueti array cameras support H.264, H.265 and MJPEG compression at low, medium, and high quality.

Light sensitivity High sensitivity imaging sensors to accommodate Aqueti array cameras feature a low minimum a wide range of lighting conditions. illumination requirement of 0.1LUX (color) and 0.01LUX (b/w).

Software Feature-rich software compatible with the A proprietary Acuity Camera Operating System and cameras in the system. API made specifically for Aqueti imaging, with real- time interactive streaming, custom video analysis, image processing, and integrated storage, all preloaded on a dedicated Aqueti computer appliance.

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Aqueti Mantis

Aqueti offers two lines of parallel array cameras: the Mantis and the Pathfinder. In general, the main difference between them is that the Mantis sees wide and the Pathfinder sees far.

The Mantis line has three models - Mantis 35, Mantis 70, and Mantis 150 - all producing 100 megapixel wide angle video that you can zoom. In the figure below, the arcs overlaid onto a map of a station complex illustrate the fields of view of each Mantis model and the distances at which each can detect human faces.

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Aqueti Pathfinder

Whereas the Mantis is built for wide angle viewing, the 48 megapixel Pathfinder is designed to see in a narrower but far field.

In the figure below, the colored rectangles illustrate the different fields of view of the six microcameras in a Pathfinder. The labels of each of the rectangles are the focal lengths of the microcameras (5.5mm, 12mm, 16mm, 25mm, 35mm, and 50mm).

On their monitors, operators see one unified digital stream of all six microcameras. They can zoom in anywhere in the Pathfinder’s total field of view with equal resolution.

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Aqueti Camera Ensemble Overview

An Aqueti Camera Ensemble is composed of one or more Aqueti cameras that capture video and one or more Aqueti servers that process, display, and store interactive video.

An Aqueti camera such as the Mantis shoots video with several microcameras of varying focal lengths configured in an array. This pioneering design produces a video with exponentially greater resolution over a much wider area than is possible with any traditional single-lens camera.

Powerful computers on board the Aqueti camera continually compress the microcamera streams and send them to a dedicated Aqueti server that produces a unified panoramic video stream.

The panoramic video is displayed to operators in Aqueti’s QView Web application. Even though the panoramic video that operators see is made up from the videos of many microcameras, it appears as a single 100-megapixel video without visible seams, gaps, or motion blur. And they can explore with pan, tilt, and zoom features throughout its entire field of view - without the Mantis moving at all.

Also, every pixel is saved, so when you playback and zoom recorded video, you get the same level of detail as the original live feed.

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Aqueti Imaging System vs. Traditional Fixed Cameras

The design of an Aqueti camera such as the Mantis produces 100-megapixel wide angle video that you can interact with live and record and zoom into later, something impossible to achieve with a traditional fixed camera setup.

Other vendors offer a confusing selection of IP cameras. Whether dome or fisheye, bullet or PTZ, each has one lens and is limited to its mechanical range of motion, so you might have to fill your property with hundreds of them to get anywhere close to the coverage you need. Networking dozens of such cameras of different styles and brands together to recording devices and displays can be a logistical nightmare leading to unpredictable costs.

Other megapixel security systems exist in the market. However, with these, you are installing multiple single lens cameras which must be pointed correctly, and when combined still won’t get you the range of a single Aqueti camera. Plus, with other megapixel products, the farther you zoom in, the less detail you get. Aqueti’s unique contribution to the surveillance industry is that you not only get wide-angle video, you can zoom into it with exquisite detail.

Other companies offer cameras with what they call “smart compression”. They claim to offer bandwidth savings by arbitrarily compressing information that they say you don’t need. That may be fine when you’re patrolling your garbage bins for racoons. But when you’re defending a rail yard from metal theft or monitoring train platforms and street level rail crossings to prevent accidents, Aqueti doesn’t pretend to know what information is critical to you. Our cameras and computer systems have the technology others don’t, so we can give you 100-megapixel live video you can zoom. We give you everything and you decide what’s important. Plus, Aqueti systems have the technology to record every detail so you can recall it later and zoom in just like you could when it was live video. When protecting your assets, employees, and customers, you shouldn’t have to partner with someone who offers less.

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Defending Your Rail Yards

Fences, gates, and traditional fixed cameras are not enough to protect rail yard perimeters, especially ones that are irregularly shaped or situated in congested urban areas. Such facilities may not have the comfort of large buffer areas around critical infrastructure. To enhance the safety of employees, and protect against crimes such as theft, vandalism, or terrorism, you need a security system with a wide and detailed range.

The illustration below offers another demonstration of the expansive field of view of a single Mantis camera. Here, the critical rail yard infrastructure is outlined in yellow. Properties with an irregular shape such as this are perfectly suited to the Mantis.

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Aqueti technology gives you the ability to see deeply into a wide area. The field of view of a single Mantis 70 is 71°x 21°. It can detect faces at 650m, and achieves facial recognition at 120m. The Mantis 120 has a field of view of 153° x 23° and can detect faces at 400m, with facial recognition at 75m.

Using these specifications, we can compare the fields of view of a Mantis 70 and Mantis 150 monitoring a perimeter with the illustration below. In it, a single roof-mounted Mantis 70 is pointed to the southwest towards cars in a receiving yard. A single Mantis 150 (also roof mounted) is looking southeast covering a coach yard.

Mantis cameras can be pole-mounted, wall mounted, placed on a tripod, or custom mounted inside or outside to provide the coverage of the area you want to protect.

Mantis cameras are configurable to 15-600Mb/sec bandwidth using H.264/ H.265 compression. Storage requirements will vary depending on the compression type used and framerate chosen. For example, to record the 100- megapixel video from both cameras shown in the example above at 15fps and H.265 medium compression would require just under 2TB/day.

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Monitoring Multiple Crossings with One Pathfinder

The Pathfinder’s six microcameras and 35 x 10 field of view allow you to zoom deeply with high resolution. The Pathfinder is the perfect tool to monitor property in depth, such as perimeters, roadways, and train tracks.

The illustration below demonstrates how a single Pathfinder can be installed to provide security operators a single live interactive video of multiple rail crossings. Unequaled in the industry, every detail of its 48 megapixel video is saved, so you can investigate incidents in full detail later by zooming and panning.

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Aqueti requires significantly less infrastructure in mountings, power, and network. Coverage of rail crossings in your system requires far fewer units than a traditional camera setup. Aqueti technology means vastly superior data with less equipment to buy, install, and maintain. In the example shown below, a single Pathfinder can take the place of many traditional cameras to monitor not only two rail bridges but also a potentially dangerous and accident-prone street-level freight line crossing 880m away, and record everything.

In the examples above, you can record every detail of the Pathfinder’s 48 megapixel video of multiple rail crossings at 5-30 fps. Storage requirements will vary based on framerate and compression type you select to use. For example, a single Pathfinder recording at 15 fps at H.265 medium-quality compression requires 0.324TB/day storage.

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Zooming With QView

QView is the primary interface for viewing interactive streams generated by the Aqueti camera ensemble. The example below shows actual video from a Pathfinder camera looking at a stretch of railway. In the example shown, the operator zooms in to bring a rail bridge 3,000 ft from the camera into view. With an Aqueti camera and QView, you can zoom in anywhere in the camera’s field of view like this, either while watching live or recorded video.

Aqueti is conformant with ONVIF Profile S and Profile G, making integration with third-party video management systems easy.