TechLine
Information About Invasive/Exotic Plant Management Fall 2010
Partnerships key to funding integrated weed management effort
By Celestine Duncan Bighorn Sheep and Elk TechLine coEditor Habitat Enhancement Project
Photo by Cameron Rasor, USFS Pintler Ranger District Stucky Ridge provides critical habitat for bighorn sheep. tucky Ridge, a series Most of the site was acquired in the late 1990s by the Beaverhead- S of grassy, wind-blown “We aren’t just Deerlodge National Forest. Addi- managing weeds, but benches and timbered gulches tional privately owned acreage on we’re improving critical located near Anaconda in the Ridge was purchased in 2008 through a partnership between the wildlife habitat and southwestern Montana, pro- American Land Conservancy, Five protecting a valuable vides critical winter range for Valley Land Trust, and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. “The area is resource for future elk, mule deer, and bighorn especially important to the bighorn generations.” sheep, and is an important rut- sheep herd, which can be found on the site from fall through spring,” - Cameron Rasor ting and calving area for elk. says Cameron Rasor, Range Manage- See “Habitat” on page 2
Inside TechLine Effect of Milestone on Canada Fall application tips to control key thistle and native plant community Biocontrol Researcher Retires noxious weeds Page 4 Page 11 Page 10 “Habitat” Continued from page 1 “We aren’t just managing weeds, ment Specialist for the Pintler Ranger but we’re improving critical wildlife District. “Some of the other bighorn habitat and protecting a valuable populations in Montana have been resource for future generations.” decimated by disease, so protection The project area was divided into and habitat improvement on Stucky three separate weed management Ridge is important for sheep as well units: 1) low elevation, fragile sites as the elk.” with dense populations of spotted One of the critical resource issues knapweed and limited desirable na- impacting Stucky Ridge was noxious tive vegetation; 2) environmentally weed infestation – primarily spotted sensitive sites near aspen, conifers, knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) – that and water; and 3) areas that were best Photo by Cameron Rasor, suited to aerial herbicide application. threatened big game habitat. A key USFS Pintler Ranger District partnership was formed between The Forest Service implemented an the Pintler Ranger District, Montana Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation integrated program that included Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Deer Lodge employees Al Christophersen, release of biological control agents on Director of Habitat Stewardship County Weed District, and the Blue spotted knapweed on low elevation Services, and Bob Schrenk, Habitat Eyed Nellie Working Group, which sites. About 1,000 Larinus spp. (seed Stewardship Services Coordinator, feeding insects) and 2,000 Cyphocleo- involves private landholders adjacent supervising the aerial treatments nus achates (root feeding insects) were to Stucky Ridge. Private organiza- on September 16, 2009. tions also joined forces with the part- released in 2009. “Our hope is that the insects will slowly remove the ners including the Rocky Mountain “We never would have Elk Foundation, Montana Chapter spotted knapweed allowing natural of the Foundation for North Ameri- been able to implement replacement of native vegetation,” can Wild Sheep, and the Anaconda the project on this scale explains Rasor. More releases are Sportsmen’s Club. Partners agreed to planned for 2010 with continued if it wasn’t for our cooperate on a five-year, large-scale monitoring of insect populations to habitat enhancement project for the partners.” determine establishment. Ground herbicide applications be- area. “Our main objectives were to - Cameron Rasor protect areas not infested by noxious gan in June 2009 with three different weeds by treating established infes- herbicide treatments including Mile- tations in higher elevation areas of stone® at 7 fluid ounces per acre, 2,4-D Stucky Ridge,” explains Rasor. “We at 1.5 quarts per acre, and Transline® also wanted to shift vegetation toward Project Funding for 2009 at 2/3 pint per acre. Herbicide treat- the potential natural community by ments were applied to 379 acres with increasing native bunchgrasses and Source Amount ($) a specialized off-road vehicle called forbs, and stop weed re-invasion of the Land Tamer. The Land Tamer is previously treated areas.” Sikes Act 10,000 equipped with two boom-buster ap- Cost for the first year of the project in Region 1 Forest Service 2009 was calculated at $100,000, more 10,000 that half of the district’s annual weed Sikes Act Matching budget. Because of the importance of Tri County Resource 30,000 the area and partners involved with Advisory Council the project, the Tri County Resource Rocky Mountain Elk Advisory Committee (RAC) and 5,000 Foundation Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation Beaverhead-Deerlodge stepped up to provide $45,000, with 35,228 the remainder of funds provided National Forest by the Sikes Act ($10,000), Region 1 Forest Service, and Beaverhead- TOTAL 100,228 Deerlodge National Forest. “We never would have been able to implement Total Project Cost (5 Years) 316,550 Photo by . . . the project on this scale if it wasn’t Cameron Rasor, Range Management for our partners,” explains Rasor. Specialist, USFS Pintler Ranger District 2 TechLine Photo by Cameron Rasor, USFS Pintler Ranger District Photo by Cameron Rasor, USFS Pintler Ranger District Spotted knapweed infestation on Stucky Ridge prior to treatment (left) and 9 months following a fall aerial application of Milestone at 6 fluid ounces per acre (right). plication nozzles and a center single nozzle, which gives by James Weatherly, executive director of the Montana a treatment pattern of 55 feet and a total application Chapter of the Foundation for North American Wild volume of about 11 gallons per acre. “The Land Tamer Sheep. “If Stucky Ridge weren’t conserved, another allows us to accurately treat areas of rough terrain with piece of land vital to bighorn sheep would be lost,” says a higher level of safety to our operators,” says Rasor. Weatherly. “Saving this critical habitat helps keep our Results the year of treatment showed excellent spotted wildlife populations from further decline.” knapweed control with Milestone and Transline treat- The Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest is proud ments, but poor results on sites treated with 2,4-D. of the partnerships and accomplishments in 2009. Total In September 2009 the Beaverhead-Deerlodge Na- cost of the habitat enhancement project to date is about tional Forest and Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation $72,000 to treat 1,429 acres of spotted knapweed, release (RMEF) entered into a Stewardship Challenge Cost- 3,000 biological control agents, secure one road closure, Share Agreement for aerial herbicide application on and purchase material for a spring re-development. “We 1,050 acres infested with spotted knapweed. With the have money remaining from 2009, plus additional fund- help of the RMEF, a contract was issued to Heli-works ing to put toward our future ground and aerial herbicide Flight Services to apply Milestone at 6 fluid ounces per treatments and rehabilitation efforts. Our goal is to treat acre. “We reviewed results of about 1,500 spotted knapweed our aerial treatments in July acres each year through an in- 2010 and had excellent control tegrated program, for a total of of spotted knapweed with 5,094 acres over five years. Most the fall aerial treatments. The importantly, the Forest wants to wildflowers, perennial grass, expand our partnerships and and sagebrush look great and increase weed awareness with healthy,” Rasor says. adjacent landowners and special Funding for the project was interest groups,” says Rasor. also used to construct a jackleg fence and install a closure gate to help keep unauthorized ve- ®Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC hicles from entering the area. Photo by Cameron Rasor, USFS Pintler Ranger District Some states require an individual be licensed if involved in the This should reduce movement Land Tamer applying herbicide treatments. recommendation, handling or application of spotted knapweed to non-in- of any pesticide. Consult your local fested sites and limit disturbance The Land Tamer is a fully amphibious extension office for information regarding licensing requirements. Milestone is not caused by off-road vehicles. The vehicle that can function as a boat, ATV, tractor registered for sale or use in all states. final segment of the 2009 project or snow coach. The Pintler Ranger District Contact your state pesticide regulatory included purchasing materials agency to determine if a product is purchased a Land Tamer in 2007 for treating registered for sale or use in your state. to re-develop a spring in 2010 to noxious weeds. Equipped with a 100-gallon provide water for wildlife during tank, an applicator can treat up to 9 acres State restrictions on the sale and use of summer months. Transline apply. Consult the label before before having to refill the tank. Additional purchase or use for full details. The importance of Stucky information on the Land Tamer can be found Ridge preservation and habitat Always read and follow label directions. enhancement was described online: http://www.landtamer.com/
TechLine 3 Editor’s note: The following article was summarized from a research paper published in Weed Science Society of America Invasive Plant Science and Management. 3, April–June 2010. The entire article is available online at www.techlinenews.com
By Travis L. Almquist and Rodney G. Lym Effect of Milestone® on Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) and the Native Plant Community in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie
Photo by Rod Lym, North Dakota State University
ative tallgrass prairies in North Dakota and Minnesota is a field study in restored tallgrass N left in native or restored condition. prairie within the Glacial Ridge are diverse ecosys- Fire suppression and removal of na- Preserve in northwestern Minnesota. tems that evolved with tive nomadic grazers has increased The objectives of the study were to invasion from woody plants, and evaluate Canada thistle control with periodic disturbances such the native and restored prairie that Milestone® and measure effects on as fire and grazing pressure remains is threatened by continued the plant community. human disturbance. Invasion by nox- The study site was dominated by and are dominated by species ious weeds has become a major threat restored native perennial grasses that include big bluestem (Andro- to the conservation of biodiversity such as big bluestem and Indian- pogon gerardii Vitman), Indiangrass and ecosystem sustainability in these grass. The site also contained many [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], and remnant and restored prairies. native forb species including purple switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). In 2006, North Dakota State Uni- prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.), Currently, less than one percent of the versity in cooperation with The maximilian sunflower (Helianthus original tallgrass prairie ecosystem Nature Conservancy established maximiliani Schrad.), Canada gold-
4 TechLine Table 1. Canada thistle density in response to Milestone® applications at the Glacial Ridge Preserve near Mentor, MN.
Treatmenta - Rate Before treatment 10 MATb 22 MAT Milestone - 7 fl oz/ac 15 0.1 1.3 Control 17 15.6 12 LSD (0.05) NS 1.3 1.2 a Milestone was applied on September 25, 2006, with Photo by Mary Halstvedt a nonionic surfactant at 0.25% (v/v). b Abbreviation: MAT, months after treatment Glacial Ridge Preserve enrod (Solidago canadensis L.), was also applied to correspond- is the largest prairie and white panicled aster (Aster ing native restored prairie plots. and wetland restoration simplex Willd.). Areas within the Canada thistle control was deter- restoration had varying densities mined by counting stem density project in U.S. history of Canada thistle infestation, but in July before treatment and 10 and is part of the 35,000-acre Glacial a majority of the restoration site and 22 months after treatment Ridge National Wildlife Refuge. Lo- was not invaded. Other weeds (MAT). Plant community compo- cated in Polk County in northwestern were also present in the restoration sition was evaluated by visually Minnesota, the site hosts a diversity of area such as absinth wormwood assessing the plant foliar cover. (Artemisia absinthium L.), peren- Bare ground, litter, and individual plant species including the federally nial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis), plant species cover were estimated threatened western prairie fringed or- and field bindweed (Convolvulus in mid-July prior to herbicide treat- chid (Platanthera praeclara Sheviak and arvensis L.). ment and 10 and 22 MAT. Bowles). The land was purchased by The Canada thistle-infested plots Results of the study showed that Nature Conservancy (TNC) in 2000, and were paired with non-infested Milestone at 7 fl oz/A applied in is currently owned and managed by restored native sites. The restored fall effectively reduced Canada TNC and its federal partners including native plant communities had a thistle stem density more than 99% the Fish and Wildlife Service. The Glacial 2 similar composition compared (16 stems per m to 0.1 stems per Ridge Project presents TNC and its part- with the corresponding Canada m2) at 10 MAT (Table 1). Long- ners with an unequaled opportunity to thistle–infested plant communi- term control of Canada thistle was conserve and restore a unique land- ties, with the exception of Canada excellent with a 90% reduction scape. Habitat fragmentation and inva- thistle presence, and were used to in stem density at 22 MAT. Mile- sion by exotic species such as Canada determine the effect of Milestone stone® also removed or reduced thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) are the most on native species. The changes in several undesirable forb species plant species composition (rich- from the restored prairie commu- significant threats to the project area’s ness, evenness, and diversity) nities, such as absinth wormwood native biodiversity. To date, TNC and its and cover in both Canada thistle- and perennial sowthistle. partners have restored 173 wetlands infested and native restored plant Overall plant community com- and seeded more than 11,000 acres of communities were determined position in both the Canada thistle- prairie. When the project is complete, after Milestone treatment. infested and native plant commu- more than 8,000 acres of wetlands and Milestone was applied in the nities was altered by Milestone. about 16,000 acres of tallgrass prairie fall at 7 fluid ounces per acre (fl The major change was a decrease will be restored. oz/A) to Canada thistle-infested in the total number of high (desir- sites when Canada thistle was at able) and low seral (undesirable/ the rosette fall-regrowth stage, and weedy) forbs in the treated com- “Prairie” continued on page 6
TechLine 5 “Prairie” continued from page 5
Photos by Rod Lym, North Dakota State University Research plot showing Canada thistle control with Milestone at 7 fluid ounces per acre (left) compared to non-treated plot (right).
Figure 1. Percent foliar cover of Canada thistle and high seral grasses found within Canada thistle–infested plant community sites before treatment (baseline) and 10 months after treatment (MAT) within the Glacial Ridge Preserve near Mentor, MN.
60
50
40
30
Foliar Cover (%) Cover Foliar 20
10
0 Baseline Non-treated Baseline Treated 10 MAT Non-treated 10 MAT Milestone 7 oz/A
Canada thistle Big Bluestem Indiangrass Slender Wheatgrass Other Grasses
6 TechLine munities compared with non-treated communities. A number of high seral forbs were reduced or removed Table 2. Plant species richness, evenness, and by Milestone, including maximilian sunflower and diversity in the Canada thistle–infested and purple prairie clover. Foliar cover of high seral forbs in the native plant community was reduced from 12.2 native plant communities before treatment to 7% at 22 MAT. However, most of the forbs that with Milestone® and 10 and 22 months after decreased 1 year after treatment recovered and were treatment (MAT) compared with non-treated present by the second year following treatment. The cover of high seral grass species, such as big blue- paired plots at the Glacial Ridge Preserve. stem, slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus [Link] Gould ex Shinners), and Indiangrass increased 46% Evaluation Date (MAT) following Milestone application in both the Canada Treatmenta Rate 0 10 22 thistle–infested and native plant communities, with b the greatest increase in Canada-thistle infested plots. Canada thistle sites Richness (no. species subplot-1) The total foliar cover of high seral grasses in Canada Milestone 7 fl oz/ac 16.3 a 13.4 a 15.0 a thistle–infested communities nearly tripled, averag- Nontreated — 16.5 a 18.5 b 17.4 b ing 51.3% at 10 MAT compared with only 19% before treatment (Figure 1). Native sites Species richness, evenness, and diversity were reduced after Milestone application in both Canada Milestone 7 fl oz/ac 14.8 z 10.0 y 12.4 a thistle–infested and native plant communities (Table Nontreated — 14.1 z 14.6 y 15.2 b 2). However, the benefits of Canada thistle control, removal of undesirable species, and the increase in Canada thistle sites Evenness (E’c) native grass cover should lead to an overall improve- Milestone 7 fl oz/ac 0.977 a 0.908 a 0.902 a ment in the long-term stability and composition of the restored prairie plant community. This will likely Nontreated — 0.976 a 0.942 b 0.93 b outweigh the reduction of high seral forb species resulting from a Canada thistle control program at Native sites the Glacial Ridge Preserve. Milestone 7 fl oz/ac 0.976 a 0.873 y 0.877 a Nontreated — 0.974 a 0.903 z 0.904 b Travis Almquist received his BS degree from Concordia College of Moorhead, MN where he also played football Canada thistle sites Diversity (H’c) for four years. He received his MS degree with Dr. Rod Milestone 7 fl oz/ac 2.68 a 2.34 a 2.41 a Lym, Professor, Plant Sciences Nontreated — 2.7 a 2.73 b 2.64 b Department, North Dakota State Univ. in May 2008, and is currently working on his Native sites PhD with Dr. Richard Mack at Milestone 7 fl oz/ac 2.55 z 1.92 y 2.18 a Washington State Univ. Nontreated — 2.52 z 2.39 z 2.41 b
a Surfactant Activator 901 at 0.25% (v/v) was applied with Milestone.
b ®Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC Values within sites with same letters in columns are not significantly different (P , 0.05). Milestone is not registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your state c pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for Abbreviations: E’ Evenness (Shannon–Wiener diversity value divided sale or use in your state. by the natural log of number of species in the plot); H’ Shannon– Weiner diversity. Always read and follow label directions
TechLine 7 Native Forb and Shrub Tolerance to Milestone® Herbicide Mary B. Halstvedt* and Daniel C. Cummings, Dow AgroSciences LLC., Billings, MT and Perry, OK; Travis Almquist, Luke Samuel, Rodney G Lym, North Dakota State University, Fargo; K. George Beck, Colorado State University, Ft. Col- lins; Roger L. Becker, University of Minnesota, St. Paul; Celestine A. Duncan, Weed Management Services, Helena, MT; Peter M. Rice, University of Montana, Missoula.
Milestone® (aminopyralid) is a broadleaf herbicide that has reduced risk to the environment compared with other Editor’s note: commercially available herbicides, making it a desirable A full report with tables alternative for invasive weed control on rangeland and describing 10 research locations and listing individual species wildland sites. Effect of Milestone on desirable native forbs response is available at and shrubs is a consideration for land managers when www.techlinenews.com making decisions about controlling invasive plants . . .
Experiments were established at ten Data collection across sites varied from locations in four states to determine either canopy cover or plant counts along long- term response of native forbs and a permanent transect, or plant density Data were collected on 68 species shrubs to Milestone applied in early sum- within each plot. approximately 2 years after treatment. mer or fall, and to develop a tolerance/ First year post-application vegetation Many forbs recovered by the second year susceptibility ranking for native plants. sampling was conducted in June and following Milestone application with Studies were established within diverse July the summer after treatment at all only 14 of 68 native forbs ranked either native plant communities in western locations. Second year sampling was moderately susceptible or susceptible. Montana; Boulder, Colorado; Theodore completed at eight study sites. There Sunflower, yarrow, and lobelia were very Roosevelt National Park (TRNP), North were a total of 118 native forbs across susceptible to Milestone® while lupine, Dakota; Glacial Ridge Preserve and re- sites, with 20 species occurring at more golden Alexander and wild bergamot stored prairies in Minnesota. than one location. Individual rankings were very tolerant (Figure 2). Field experiments were designed as of tolerance to Milestone (see Table) There were 29 plant families repre- randomized complete block with two were established for 98 native forb spe- sented, with the greatest number of to five replications and initiated from cies and 19 shrubs. Evaluations were species (35%) in the Asteraceae family. 2004 to 2007. Milestone at 5 to 7 fluid based on individual species reduction Shrubs were more tolerant than forbs ounces per acre was applied broadcast by in canopy cover or density compared to Milestone. There were 19 shrub spe- ground or aerial application equipment. to non-treated controls or baseline data. cies, and 74% were ranked either mod- Treatments were made in September Of the 98 forb species categorized, 28, erately tolerant or tolerant. Shrubs in the or October at six locations, June at two 17, 25, and 28 were ranked susceptible, Rosaceae Family were generally the most locations, and June and September moderately susceptible, moderately toler- susceptible to Milestone. comparisons at two Minnesota sites. ant, and tolerant, respectively (Figure 1).
Table. Four categories for ranking tolerance of forbs and shrubs to Milestone herbicide. Category Symptoms Injury Level
Tolerant Minimal symptoms <15% injury - may have slight cupping of leaves <15% Symptoms include cupping/yellowing and can inhibit flowering, Moderately tolerant 15-50% stand reduction with recovery the first growing season after application Moderately susceptible Injury could be significant the first year and may reduce stand 50-75% stand reduction Severe injury the season of application and stand reduction the Susceptible year after treatment with possible death of established plants. >75% stand reduction Some plants may regenerate from seed bank
8 TechLine Photos by Dave Powell, USFS , www.bugwood.org Pictured left to right, Nuttall’s violet (Viola nuttallii), horsemint (Monarda fistula), and blanket flower(Gaillardia aristata) were found to be tolerant to Milestone herbicide two years after treatment.
Conclusions:
• Most native forb species and Figure 1. Results of all forb species combined 1 year following treatment. shrubs were moderately toler- ant to tolerant, or recovered following treatment with Mile- Tolerant stone herbicide. Moderately tolerant • Historical data1 suggests that Moderately susceptible by the third or fourth year post- Susceptible application there would be little difference in non-target forb tolerance with only a few 1 YAT very sensitive forbs being ad- versely impacted in the long Figure 2:. Results of 68 forb species with both 1 and 2 YAT data showing increase term. in species tolerance by the second year following treatment. • Land managers can use these data as a guideline to evaluate risk to native plant communi- ties when using Milestone for invasive species management. Signi cant recovery • Milestone® Herbicide (ami- nopyralid) can be used to manage invasive plants in 1 YAT 2 YAT mixed plant communities and facilitate recovery of Tolerant Moderately tolerant Moderately susceptible Susceptible desirable forbs and shrubs.
1 Rice, P. M., J. C. Toney, D. J. Bedunah, and C. ®Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC E. Carlson. 1997. Plant community diversity Consult the label prior to purchase or use for full details. and growth form responses to herbicide ap- Not all products are labeled or available for use in all states or areas. Some states require an plications for control of Centaurea maculosa. individual be licensed if involved in the recommendation, handling, or application of any pesticide. J. Appl. Ecol. 34:1397-1412. Contact your Extension office for information regarding license requirements. Always read and follow the label directions. TechLine 9 Fall Application of Milestone® to Control Key Invasive Weeds
Fall is an excellent time to control invasive weeds with Milestone. Late summer and fall rains in many areas of the Central Plains and the West in 2010 will provide land managers with a good opportunity to extend their application season.
Russian Knapweed labeled rates of 5 to 7 fl oz/A. Tank wait least 6 months after cutting to mixing with another herbicide is not allow time for the plants to regrow Milestone at 5 necessary; Milestone alone will control and develop adequate leaf area for or 7 fluid ounces Canada thistle. University of Nebraska more herbicide uptake with a foliar per acre (oz/A) is research reports Canada thistle is application. Apply Milestone at 7 fluid highly effective for actually more susceptible to herbicides ounces per acre plus Garlon® 4 Ultra or controlling Russian when applied in the fall following a Remedy® Ultra at 3 quarts per acre with knapweed. Unlike frost. Applications can be made in a non-ionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v or other herbicides, applications of the fall as long as there is live Canada 1 quart/acre of methylated seed oil Milestone can be made on Russian thistle foliage. Even though Canada (MSO). This treatment allows grasses to knapweed through late summer and thistle leaves will begin to senesce, flourish and will also control broadleaf until after the foliage has died back generally there is still excellent efficacy weeds such as Canada thistle, musk (leaves are brown and dead!) in fall. up to late October as long as there is thistle, Russian knapweed, and many Milestone is taken up by the foliage, some green foliage. others that may invade the area after through the root crown or from the soil cutting. Tamarisk and Russian olive into this noxious weed. Milestone® will Biennial Thistles control may not be complete with just provide residual control of plants that a single application so the site should try to re-grow and emerge after the Fall application of be monitored in subsequent years and initial application. Milestone® at 3 to re-sprouts treated for complete control. 5 fl oz/A provides Spotted and Diffuse Knapweed excellent control Other Species of biennial thistle The application (e.g. musk, bull, and Fall application of window for treating plumeless thistle). Fall herbicide Milestone at 5 to 7 spotted and diffuse treatments may be applied to rosettes fl oz/A also provides knapweed with over a longer period in the fall than in excellent control of Milestone is wider the spring. An additional advantage absinth wormwood, than many herbicide is that fall treatments reduce the oxeye daisy, and options. Milestone at 5 or 7 fl oz/A potential of injury from spray drift to several other invasive plants as applied to spotted knapweed in fall foliage of nearby desirable plants since indicated on the label. gave excellent control (>95%) of both sensitive crops have been harvested or View Milestone Herbicide label at established plants and seedlings up to desirable plants are dormant. 2 years after treatment in Montana and www.techlinenews.com was similar to the standard treatment Tamarisk (salt cedar) and
Jim Story, biological control of weeds ted knapweed biological control research scientist for Montana State agents with herbicides and other University (MSU) announced his weed management tools, and is a retirement the end of June, 2010. Jim supporter of integrating biological started his career in 1974 as an ento- agents with other control meth- mology graduate student at Montana ods. His career highlight includes State University. He began working establishing a complex on insects for MSU in 1976 and transferred to on spotted knapweed that lead to the MSU-Western Agricultural Re- a reduction in spotted knapweed search Center at Corvallis, Montana densities in western Montana. Story in 1979. Jim is recognized nationally plans to stay active in invasive plant and internationally for his research issues and continue serving on the on the biology and behavior, estab- Montana Noxious Weed Advisory lishment, augmentation, population Council. We wish Jim the best in dynamics, and efficacy of introduced retirement and thank him for his insects for control of invasive plants. years of service and dedication to He was responsible for some of the managing invasive plants. Jim Story, biological control research first work on interactions of spot- scientist for Montana State University
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Take a look at the Global Invasive by experts from around the world, The database is located at: Species Database (GISD) to find and is continually updated. http://interface.creative.auckland. information about invasive alien Input species name, location, ac.nz/database/welcome/ species. The GISD focuses on species habitat, and organism type to find that threaten native biodiversity and information related to species * * * * * * * * Bonus! * * * * * * * * covers all taxonomic groups from ecology, distribution, management, Look at the top of the page to find micro-organisms to animals and and impacts. Lists of references, a link to the 100 World’s Worst plants in all ecosystems. Database relevant links, and contacts are also Invasive Alien Species booklet from content is contributed and reviewed available. the Foundation D’Entreprise.
Need More Information? |email [email protected] The goal of TechLine™ newsletter is and interested publics in the United AgroSciences, LLC in hopes of pro- to share new, innovative and proven States and Canada. viding an objective communication invasive exotic vegetation manage- The complete texts of abridged tool for on-the-ground vegetation ment research and successes between versions of articles in TechLine are managers who face common man- federal, state, county, private, and available in their entirety on request. agement challenges so they may conservation organization weed Comments, suggestions, and articles share the successes of their programs, managers. TechLine is published and are welcome and should be emailed techniques, and methods and learn distributed free of charge to both to [email protected]. from one another. public and private land managers TechLine is sponsored by Dow
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