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Milk: Bioactive Components and Role in Human Nutrition beverages Milk: Bioactive Components and Role in Human Nutrition Edited by Alessandra Durazzo Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Beverages www.mdpi.com/journal/beverages Milk: Bioactive Components and Role in Human Nutrition Special Issue Editor Alessandra Durazzo MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Alessandra Durazzo Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Centro di ricerca CREA—Alimenti e Nutrizione Italy Editorial Office MDPI AG St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Beverages (ISSN 2306-5710) in 2017 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/beverages/special_issues/ bioactive_components). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Lastname, F.M., and F.M. Lastname. Year. Article title. Journal Name Article number: page range. First Edition 2018 ISBN 978-3-03842-723-0 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-724-7 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures max- imum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is © 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Table of Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... v Alessandra Durazzo Milk: Bioactive Components and Role in Human Nutrition doi: 10.3390/beverages3040063 .................................... 1 Laura Gennaro, Alessandra Durazzo, Sibilla Berni Canani, Fabrizia Maccati and Elisabetta Lupotto Communication Strategies to Improve Healthy Food Consumption among Schoolchildren: Focus on Milk doi: 10.3390/beverages3030032 .................................... 3 Megan Emerson, Michelle Hudgens, Allison Barnes, Elizabeth Hiller, Debora Robison, Roger Kipp, Ursula Bradshaw and Robert Siegel Small Prizes Increased Plain Milk and Vegetable Selection by Elementary School Children without Adversely Affecting Total Milk Purchase doi: 10.3390/beverages3010014 .................................... 15 Robert John, Karla J. Finnell, Dave S. Kerby, Jade Owen and Kendra Hansen Reactions to a Low-Fat Milk Social Media Intervention in the US: The Choose 1% Milk Campaign doi: 10.3390/beverages3040047 .................................... 22 Karla Jaye Finnell and Robert John Research to Understand Milk Consumption Behaviors in a Food-Insecure Low-Income SNAP Population in the US doi: 10.3390/beverages3030046 .................................... 36 Massimo Lucarini Bioactive Peptides in Milk: From Encrypted Sequences to Nutraceutical Aspects doi: 10.3390/beverages3030041 .................................... 48 Silvia Vincenzetti, Stefania Pucciarelli, Valeria Polzonetti and Paolo Polidori Role of Proteins and of Some Bioactive Peptides on the Nutritional Quality of Donkey Milk and Their Impact on Human Health doi: 10.3390/beverages3030034 .................................... 58 Francesca Melini, Valentina Melini, Francesca Luziatelli and Maurizio Ruzzi Raw and Heat-Treated Milk: From Public Health Risks to Nutritional Quality doi: 10.3390/beverages3040054 .................................... 78 Loretta Gambelli Milk and Its Sugar-Lactose: A Picture of Evaluation Methodologies doi: 10.3390/beverages3030035 ....................................113 Charu Gupta and Dhan Prakash Therapeutic Potential of Milk Whey doi: 10.3390/beverages3030031 ....................................119 iii Gregory H. Norris, Caitlin M. Porter, Christina Jiang and Christopher N. Blesso Dietary Milk Sphingomyelin Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Inhibits LPS Activity in Macrophages doi: 10.3390/beverages3030037 ....................................133 Pamela Manzi and Alessandra Durazzo Organic vs. Conventional Milk: Some Considerations on Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Iodine Content doi: 10.3390/beverages3030039 ....................................147 iv About the Special Issue Editor Alessandra Durazzo was awarded a Master’s degree in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology cum laude in 2003, a PhD in Horticulture in 2010, the National Scientific Habilitation as Associate Professor (13/B5 Commodity Science) in 2013. Since 2005, Researcher at the Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria—Centro di ricerca CREA—Alimenti e Nutrizione. The core of her research is the study of chemical, nutritional and bioactive components of food, with particular regard to the wide spectrum of substances classes and their nutraceutical features. For several years, she was involved in national and international research projects on evaluation of several factors (agronomic practices, processing, etc.) that affect food quality, the levels of bioactive molecules and the total antioxidant properties, as well as on their possible impact on the biological role played by bioactive components in human physiology. Her research activities are addressed also towards the development, management and updating of the Food Composition Database, as well as Bioactive Compounds and Food Supplements databases; particular attention was given towards the harmonization of analytical procedures and classification and codification of food preparation and food supplements. v beverages Editorial Milk: Bioactive Components and Role in Human Nutrition Alessandra Durazzo Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria—Centro di ricerca CREA—Alimenti e Nutrizione, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; [email protected]; Tel.: +39-06-514-94430; Fax: +39-06-514-94550 Academic Editor: Edgar Chambers IV Received: 28 November 2017; Accepted: 14 December 2017; Published: 19 December 2017 In the current Special Issue, numerous and different aspects related to milk, an important component of a well-balanced diet, are presented. Several of the scientists that contributed to this Special Issue investigated and tested the effectiveness of actions targeting the promotion of milk, and an increase in general daily milk consumption, especially for children: an important goal to achieve [1–4]. Gennaro et al. [3] provide an updated picture of communication strategies developed to improve healthy dietary habits in schoolchildren, with a focus on the importance of milk consumption. An example of this strategy is given by Emerson et al. [1]: small prizes increased plain milk and vegetable selection by elementary schoolchildren without adversely affecting total milk purchase. Two [2,4] of these studies are addressed towards consumer reactions relating to interventions promoting use of 1% low-fat milk. It is worth mentioning the work of Lucarini [5] on the bioactive peptides of milk, from encrypted sequences to healthy applications; the author underlines how the exploitation of chemistry, bioavailability and the biochemical properties of bioactive peptides represent a key tool for nutraceutical and functional foods, also in the areas of circular bioeconomy and biorefinery [5]. In this context, the review by Vincenzetti et al. [6] focuses on the role of proteins and some bioactive peptides on nutritional quality, as well as the potential beneficial properties of donkey milk. The microbiological, nutritional and sensory profile of raw and heat-treated milk are described in the work of Melini et al. [7], in order to evaluate the real risks and benefits of its consumption. Then, Gambelli [8] provides an updated picture of methodologies for the assessment of lactose. Some studies on the potential benefits of some milk components [9,10], as well as a consideration from a nutritional point of view of organic vs. conventional milk with regard to fat-soluble vitamins and iodine content [11], are also discussed. I would like to acknowledge the efforts of the authors of the publications in this Special Issue. Their contributions will help to improve the understanding and promotion the key role of milk in nutrition. References 1. Emerson, M.; Hudgens, M.; Barnes, A.; Hiller, E.; Robison, D.; Kipp, R.; Bradshaw, U.; Siegel, R. Small Prizes Increased Plain Milk and Vegetable Selection by Elementary School Children without Adversely Affecting Total Milk Purchase. Beverages 2017, 3, 14. [CrossRef] 2. Finnell, K.J.; John, R. Research to Understand Milk Consumption Behaviors in a Food-Insecure Low-Income SNAP Population in the US. Beverages 2017, 3, 46. [CrossRef] 3. Gennaro, L.; Durazzo, A.; Berni Canani, S.; Maccati, F.; Lupotto, E. Communication Strategies to Improve Healthy Food Consumption among Schoolchildren: Focus on Milk. Beverages 2017, 3, 32. [CrossRef] 4. John, R.; Finnell, K.J.; Kerby, D.S.; Owen, J.; Hansen, K. Reactions to a Low-Fat Milk Social Media Intervention in the US: The Choose 1% Milk Campaign. Beverages 2017, 3, 47. [CrossRef] Beverages 2017, 3, 63 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/beverages Beverages 2017, 3,63 5. Lucarini, M. Bioactive Peptides in Milk: From Encrypted Sequences to Nutraceutical Aspects. Beverages 2017, 3, 41. [CrossRef] 6. Vincenzetti, S.; Pucciarelli, S.; Polzonetti, V.; Polidori, P. Role of Proteins and of Some Bioactive Peptides on the Nutritional Quality of Donkey Milk and Their Impact on Human Health. Beverages
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