Diaporthales), and the Introduction of Apoharknessia Gen
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A Novel Family of Diaporthales (Ascomycota)
Phytotaxa 305 (3): 191–200 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.3.6 Melansporellaceae: a novel family of Diaporthales (Ascomycota) ZHUO DU1, KEVIN D. HYDE2, QIN YANG1, YING-MEI LIANG3 & CHENG-MING TIAN1* 1The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China 2International Fungal Research & Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bail- ongsi, Kunming 650224, PR China 3Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China *Correspondence author email: [email protected] Abstract Melansporellaceae fam. nov. is introduced to accommodate a genus of diaporthalean fungi that is a phytopathogen caus- ing walnut canker disease in China. The family is typified by Melansporella gen. nov. It can be distinguished from other diaporthalean families based on its irregularly uniseriate ascospores, and ovoid, brown conidia with a hyaline sheath and surface structures. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Melansporella juglandium sp. nov. forms a monophyletic group within Diaporthales (MP/ML/BI=100/96/1) and is a new diaporthalean clade, based on molecular data of ITS and LSU gene re- gions. Thus, a new family is proposed to accommodate this taxon. Key words: diaporthalean fungi, fungal diversity, new taxon, Sordariomycetes, systematics, taxonomy Introduction The ascomycetous order Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes) are well-known fungal plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes, with wide distributions and broad host ranges (Castlebury et al. 2002, Rossman et al. 2007, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016). -
Pathogenicity and Distribution of Two Species of Cytospora on Populus Tremuloides in Portions of the Rocky Mountains and Midwest in the United T States ⁎ M.M
Forest Ecology and Management 468 (2020) 118168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Pathogenicity and distribution of two species of Cytospora on Populus tremuloides in portions of the Rocky Mountains and midwest in the United T States ⁎ M.M. Dudleya, , N.A. Tisseratb, W.R. Jacobib, J. Negrónc, J.E. Stewartd a Biology Department, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO, United States b Department of Agricultural Biology (Emeritus), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States c USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO, United States d Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States ABSTRACT Historically, Cytospora canker of quaking aspen was thought to be caused primarily by Cytospora chrysosperma. However, a new and widely distributed Cytospora species on quaking aspen was recently described (Cytospora notastroma Kepley & F.B. Reeves). Here, we show the relative pathogenicity, abundance, and frequency of both species on quaking aspen in portions of the Rocky Mountain region, and constructed species-level phylogenies to examine possible hybridization among species. We inoculated small-diameter aspen trees with one or two isolates each of C. chrysosperma and C. notastroma in a greenhouse and in environmental growth chambers. Results indicate that both Cytospora species are pathogenic to drought-stressed aspen, and that C. chrysosperma is more aggressive (i.e., caused larger cankers) than C. notastroma, particularly at cool temperatures. Neither species cause significant canker growth on trees that were not drought-stressed. Both C. chrysosperma and C. notastroma are common on quaking aspen, in addition to a third, previously described species, Cytospora nivea. -
The Fungi Constitute a Major Eukary- Members of the Monophyletic Kingdom Fungi ( Fig
American Journal of Botany 98(3): 426–438. 2011. T HE FUNGI: 1, 2, 3 … 5.1 MILLION SPECIES? 1 Meredith Blackwell 2 Department of Biological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 USA • Premise of the study: Fungi are major decomposers in certain ecosystems and essential associates of many organisms. They provide enzymes and drugs and serve as experimental organisms. In 1991, a landmark paper estimated that there are 1.5 million fungi on the Earth. Because only 70 000 fungi had been described at that time, the estimate has been the impetus to search for previously unknown fungi. Fungal habitats include soil, water, and organisms that may harbor large numbers of understudied fungi, estimated to outnumber plants by at least 6 to 1. More recent estimates based on high-throughput sequencing methods suggest that as many as 5.1 million fungal species exist. • Methods: Technological advances make it possible to apply molecular methods to develop a stable classifi cation and to dis- cover and identify fungal taxa. • Key results: Molecular methods have dramatically increased our knowledge of Fungi in less than 20 years, revealing a mono- phyletic kingdom and increased diversity among early-diverging lineages. Mycologists are making signifi cant advances in species discovery, but many fungi remain to be discovered. • Conclusions: Fungi are essential to the survival of many groups of organisms with which they form associations. They also attract attention as predators of invertebrate animals, pathogens of potatoes and rice and humans and bats, killers of frogs and crayfi sh, producers of secondary metabolites to lower cholesterol, and subjects of prize-winning research. -
Collecting and Recording Fungi
British Mycological Society Recording Network Guidance Notes COLLECTING AND RECORDING FUNGI A revision of the Guide to Recording Fungi previously issued (1994) in the BMS Guides for the Amateur Mycologist series. Edited by Richard Iliffe June 2004 (updated August 2006) © British Mycological Society 2006 Table of contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Recording 4 Collecting fungi 4 Access to foray sites and the country code 5 Spore prints 6 Field books 7 Index cards 7 Computers 8 Foray Record Sheets 9 Literature for the identification of fungi 9 Help with identification 9 Drying specimens for a herbarium 10 Taxonomy and nomenclature 12 Recent changes in plant taxonomy 12 Recent changes in fungal taxonomy 13 Orders of fungi 14 Nomenclature 15 Synonymy 16 Morph 16 The spore stages of rust fungi 17 A brief history of fungus recording 19 The BMS Fungal Records Database (BMSFRD) 20 Field definitions 20 Entering records in BMSFRD format 22 Locality 22 Associated organism, substrate and ecosystem 22 Ecosystem descriptors 23 Recommended terms for the substrate field 23 Fungi on dung 24 Examples of database field entries 24 Doubtful identifications 25 MycoRec 25 Recording using other programs 25 Manuscript or typescript records 26 Sending records electronically 26 Saving and back-up 27 Viruses 28 Making data available - Intellectual property rights 28 APPENDICES 1 Other relevant publications 30 2 BMS foray record sheet 31 3 NCC ecosystem codes 32 4 Table of orders of fungi 34 5 Herbaria in UK and Europe 35 6 Help with identification 36 7 Useful contacts 39 8 List of Fungus Recording Groups 40 9 BMS Keys – list of contents 42 10 The BMS website 43 11 Copyright licence form 45 12 Guidelines for field mycologists: the practical interpretation of Section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 46 1 Foreword In June 2000 the British Mycological Society Recording Network (BMSRN), as it is now known, held its Annual Group Leaders’ Meeting at Littledean, Gloucestershire. -
Notizbuchartige Auswahlliste Zur Bestimmungsliteratur Für Unitunicate Pyrenomyceten, Saccharomycetales Und Taphrinales
Pilzgattungen Europas - Liste 9: Notizbuchartige Auswahlliste zur Bestimmungsliteratur für unitunicate Pyrenomyceten, Saccharomycetales und Taphrinales Bernhard Oertel INRES Universität Bonn Auf dem Hügel 6 D-53121 Bonn E-mail: [email protected] 24.06.2011 Zur Beachtung: Hier befinden sich auch die Ascomycota ohne Fruchtkörperbildung, selbst dann, wenn diese mit gewissen Discomyceten phylogenetisch verwandt sind. Gattungen 1) Hauptliste 2) Liste der heute nicht mehr gebräuchlichen Gattungsnamen (Anhang) 1) Hauptliste Acanthogymnomyces Udagawa & Uchiyama 2000 (ein Segregate von Spiromastix mit Verwandtschaft zu Shanorella) [Europa?]: Typus: A. terrestris Udagawa & Uchiyama Erstbeschr.: Udagawa, S.I. u. S. Uchiyama (2000), Acanthogymnomyces ..., Mycotaxon 76, 411-418 Acanthonitschkea s. Nitschkia Acanthosphaeria s. Trichosphaeria Actinodendron Orr & Kuehn 1963: Typus: A. verticillatum (A.L. Sm.) Orr & Kuehn (= Gymnoascus verticillatus A.L. Sm.) Erstbeschr.: Orr, G.F. u. H.H. Kuehn (1963), Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 21, 212 Lit.: Apinis, A.E. (1964), Revision of British Gymnoascaceae, Mycol. Pap. 96 (56 S. u. Taf.) Mulenko, Majewski u. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska (2008), A preliminary checklist of micromycetes in Poland, 330 s. ferner in 1) Ajellomyces McDonough & A.L. Lewis 1968 (= Emmonsiella)/ Ajellomycetaceae: Lebensweise: Z.T. humanpathogen Typus: A. dermatitidis McDonough & A.L. Lewis [Anamorfe: Zymonema dermatitidis (Gilchrist & W.R. Stokes) C.W. Dodge; Synonym: Blastomyces dermatitidis Gilchrist & Stokes nom. inval.; Synanamorfe: Malbranchea-Stadium] Anamorfen-Formgattungen: Emmonsia, Histoplasma, Malbranchea u. Zymonema (= Blastomyces) Bestimm. d. Gatt.: Arx (1971), On Arachniotus and related genera ..., Persoonia 6(3), 371-380 (S. 379); Benny u. Kimbrough (1980), 20; Domsch, Gams u. Anderson (2007), 11; Fennell in Ainsworth et al. (1973), 61 Erstbeschr.: McDonough, E.S. u. A.L. -
Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 400–468
Persoonia 36, 2016: 316– 458 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158516X692185 Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468 P.W. Crous1,2, M.J. Wingfield3, D.M. Richardson4, J.J. Le Roux4, D. Strasberg5, J. Edwards6, F. Roets7, V. Hubka8, P.W.J. Taylor9, M. Heykoop10, M.P. Martín11, G. Moreno10, D.A. Sutton12, N.P. Wiederhold12, C.W. Barnes13, J.R. Carlavilla10, J. Gené14, A. Giraldo1,2, V. Guarnaccia1, J. Guarro14, M. Hernández-Restrepo1,2, M. Kolařík15, J.L. Manjón10, I.G. Pascoe6, E.S. Popov16, M. Sandoval-Denis14, J.H.C. Woudenberg1, K. Acharya17, A.V. Alexandrova18, P. Alvarado19, R.N. Barbosa20, I.G. Baseia21, R.A. Blanchette22, T. Boekhout3, T.I. Burgess23, J.F. Cano-Lira14, A. Čmoková8, R.A. Dimitrov24, M.Yu. Dyakov18, M. Dueñas11, A.K. Dutta17, F. Esteve- Raventós10, A.G. Fedosova16, J. Fournier25, P. Gamboa26, D.E. Gouliamova27, T. Grebenc28, M. Groenewald1, B. Hanse29, G.E.St.J. Hardy23, B.W. Held22, Ž. Jurjević30, T. Kaewgrajang31, K.P.D. Latha32, L. Lombard1, J.J. Luangsa-ard33, P. Lysková34, N. Mallátová35, P. Manimohan32, A.N. Miller36, M. Mirabolfathy37, O.V. Morozova16, M. Obodai38, N.T. Oliveira20, M.E. Ordóñez39, E.C. Otto22, S. Paloi17, S.W. Peterson40, C. Phosri41, J. Roux3, W.A. Salazar 39, A. Sánchez10, G.A. Sarria42, H.-D. Shin43, B.D.B. Silva21, G.A. Silva20, M.Th. Smith1, C.M. Souza-Motta44, A.M. Stchigel14, M.M. Stoilova-Disheva27, M.A. Sulzbacher 45, M.T. Telleria11, C. Toapanta46, J.M. Traba47, N. -
<I>Discula Destructiva</I>
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2011 Infection Process of Discula destructiva, the Causal Agent of Dogwood Anthracnose, and Resistance Mechanism of Flowering Dogwood Qunkang Cheng [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Cheng, Qunkang, "Infection Process of Discula destructiva, the Causal Agent of Dogwood Anthracnose, and Resistance Mechanism of Flowering Dogwood. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2011. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Qunkang Cheng entitled "Infection Process of Discula destructiva, the Causal Agent of Dogwood Anthracnose, and Resistance Mechanism of Flowering Dogwood." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Entomology and Plant Pathology. Mark T. Windham, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Alan S. Windham, William E. Klingeman, Arnold M. Saxton Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Infection Process of Discula destructiva, the Causal Agent of Dogwood Anthracnose, and Resistance Mechanism of Flowering Dogwood A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Qunkang Cheng May 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincerest appreciation to my major professor, Dr. -
Diaporthe Juglandicola Sp. Nov. (Diaporthales, Ascomycetes), Evidenced by Morphological Characters and Phylogenetic Analysis Ar
Mycosphere 8(5): 817–826 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/5/3 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Diaporthe juglandicola sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Ascomycetes), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis Yang Q, Fan XL, Du Z and Tian CM* The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Yang Q, Fan XL, Du Z, Tian CM 2017 – Diaporthe juglandicola sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Ascomycetes), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Mycosphere 8(5), 817–826, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/5/3 Abstract Diaporthe juglandicola sp. nov, collected from diseased branches of Juglans mandshurica in Beijing, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. Evidence for this new species is provided by its holomorphic morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Morphologically, the asexual morph produces hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal, alpha conidia (8.1–8.7 × 2.3–2.9 μm), while the sexual morph produces 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate to cylindric asci and fusoid, 0–1-septate ascospores. The phylogeny inferred from combined multi-locus sequences (CAL, HIS, ITS, TEF1-α, TUB) grouped the isolates of the new species into a distinct lineage. Key words – dieback – molecular phylogeny – new species – taxonomy Introduction The genus Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) was established by Nitschke (1870). Species of Diaporthe occur widely in natural ecosystems, comprising endophytes and saprobes, as well as plant pathogens (Uecker 1988, Rehner & Uecker 1994, Rossman & Palm-Hernández 2008, Udayanga et al. 2011, 2012a, b). According to Index Fungorum, there are 977 names in Diaporthe and 980 names in Phomopsis, although the relationships between the asexual and sexual taxa are mostly unclear. -
What If Esca Disease of Grapevine Were Not a Fungal Disease?
Fungal Diversity (2012) 54:51–67 DOI 10.1007/s13225-012-0171-z What if esca disease of grapevine were not a fungal disease? Valérie Hofstetter & Bart Buyck & Daniel Croll & Olivier Viret & Arnaud Couloux & Katia Gindro Received: 20 March 2012 /Accepted: 1 April 2012 /Published online: 24 April 2012 # The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Esca disease, which attacks the wood of grape- healthy and diseased adult plants and presumed esca patho- vine, has become increasingly devastating during the past gens were widespread and occurred in similar frequencies in three decades and represents today a major concern in all both plant types. Pioneer esca-associated fungi are not trans- wine-producing countries. This disease is attributed to a mitted from adult to nursery plants through the grafting group of systematically diverse fungi that are considered process. Consequently the presumed esca-associated fungal to be latent pathogens, however, this has not been conclu- pathogens are most likely saprobes decaying already senes- sively established. This study presents the first in-depth cent or dead wood resulting from intensive pruning, frost or comparison between the mycota of healthy and diseased other mecanical injuries as grafting. The cause of esca plants taken from the same vineyard to determine which disease therefore remains elusive and requires well execu- fungi become invasive when foliar symptoms of esca ap- tive scientific study. These results question the assumed pear. An unprecedented high fungal diversity, 158 species, pathogenicity of fungi in other diseases of plants or animals is here reported exclusively from grapevine wood in a single where identical mycota are retrieved from both diseased and Swiss vineyard plot. -
Gen. Nov. on <I> Juglandaceae</I>, and the New Family
Persoonia 38, 2017: 136–155 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X694768 Juglanconis gen. nov. on Juglandaceae, and the new family Juglanconidaceae (Diaporthales) H. Voglmayr1, L.A. Castlebury2, W.M. Jaklitsch1,3 Key words Abstract Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS-LSU rDNA sequence data demonstrate that Melanconis species occurring on Juglandaceae are phylogenetically distinct from Melanconis s.str., and therefore the new genus Juglan- Ascomycota conis is described. Morphologically, the genus Juglanconis differs from Melanconis by light to dark brown conidia with Diaporthales irregular verrucae on the inner surface of the conidial wall, while in Melanconis s.str. they are smooth. Juglanconis molecular phylogeny forms a separate clade not affiliated with a described family of Diaporthales, and the family Juglanconidaceae is new species introduced to accommodate it. Data of macro- and microscopic morphology and phylogenetic multilocus analyses pathogen of partial nuSSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, cal, his, ms204, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequences revealed four distinct species systematics of Juglanconis. Comparison of the markers revealed that tef1 introns are the best performing markers for species delimitation, followed by cal, ms204 and tub2. The ITS, which is the primary barcoding locus for fungi, is amongst the poorest performing markers analysed, due to the comparatively low number of informative characters. Melanconium juglandinum (= Melanconis carthusiana), M. oblongum (= Melanconis juglandis) and M. pterocaryae are formally combined into Juglanconis, and J. appendiculata is described as a new species. Melanconium juglandinum and Melanconis carthusiana are neotypified and M. oblongum and Diaporthe juglandis are lectotypified. A short descrip- tion and illustrations of the holotype of Melanconium ershadii from Pterocarya fraxinifolia are given, but based on morphology it is not considered to belong to Juglanconis. -
Coniella Lustricola, a New Species from Submerged Detritus
Mycol Progress (2018) 17:191–203 DOI 10.1007/s11557-017-1337-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Coniella lustricola, a new species from submerged detritus Daniel B. Raudabaugh1,2 & Teresa Iturriaga2,3 & Akiko Carver4,5 & Stephen Mondo 5 & Jasmyn Pangilinan5 & Anna Lipzen5 & Guifen He5 & Mojgan Amirebrahimi5 & Igor V. Grigoriev4,5 & Andrew N. Miller2 Received: 23 June 2017 /Revised: 20 August 2017 /Accepted: 24 August 2017 /Published online: 13 September 2017 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Abstract The draft genome, morphological description, and genome and will be a valuable tool for comparisons among phylogenetic placement of Coniella lustricola sp. nov. pathogenic Coniella species. (Schizoparmeaceae) are provided. The species was isolated from submerged detritus in a fen at Black Moshannon State Keywords Diaporthales . Schizoparmeaceae . Park, Pennsylvania, USA and differs from all other Coniella Sordariomycetes . 1000 Fungal Genome Project species by having ellipsoid to fusoid, inequilateral conidia that are rounded on one end and truncate or obtuse on the other end, with a length to width ratio of 2.8. The draft genome is Introduction 36.56 Mbp and consists of 870 contigs on 634 scaffolds (L50 = 0.14 Mb, N50 = 76 scaffolds), with 0.5% of the scaf- The family Schizoparmeaceae (Diaporthales) was erected by fold length in gaps. It contains 11,317 predicted gene models, Rossman et al. (2007) and is known to contain several agri- including predicted genes for cellulose, hemicellulose, and culturally important pathogenic species. Historically, this fam- xylan degradation, as well as predicted regions encoding for ily included three genera, two producing only asexual morphs amylase, laccase, and tannase enzymes. -
Morphology, DNA Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity of Wilsonomyces
Article Morphology, DNA Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity of Wilsonomyces carpophilus Isolate Causing Shot-Hole Disease of Prunus divaricata and Prunus armeniaca in Wild-Fruit Forest of Western Tianshan Mountains, China Shuanghua Ye 1, Haiying Jia 1, Guifang Cai 2, Chengming Tian 3 and Rong Ma 1,4,* 1 College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (H.J.) 2 Forestry Technology Extension Center of Changji Prefecture, Changji 831100, China; [email protected] 3 The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; [email protected] 4 CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830052, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-136-9935-5593 Received: 24 January 2020; Accepted: 12 March 2020; Published: 13 March 2020 Abstract: Prunus divaricata and Prunus armeniaca are important wild fruit trees that grow in part of the Western Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia, and they have been listed as endangered species in China. Shot-hole disease of stone fruits has become a major threat in the wild-fruit forest of the Western Tianshan Mountains. Twenty-five isolates were selected from diseased P. divaricata and P. armeniaca. According to the morphological characteristics of the culture, the 25 isolates were divided into eight morphological groups. Conidia were spindle-shaped, with ovate apical cells and truncated basal cells, with the majority of conidia comprising 3–4 septa, and the conidia had the same shape and color in morphological groups.