Genomic Organization, Potential for Recombination and Necessity of P1 in Systemic Infection
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The Three-Dimensional Structure of Cocksfoot Mottle Virus at 2.7 Е
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com R Virology 310 (2003) 287–297 www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro The three-dimensional structure of cocksfoot mottle virus at 2.7 Å resolution Kaspars Tars,a,* Andris Zeltins,b and Lars Liljasa a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, S751 24 Uppsala, Sweden b Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1, LV 1067, Riga, Latvia Received 3 January 2003; returned to author for revision 21 January 2003; accepted 8 February 2003 Abstract Cocksfoot mottle virus is a plant virus that belongs to the genus Sobemovirus. The structure of the virus has been determined at 2.7 Å resolution. The icosahedral capsid has T ϭ 3 quasisymmetry and 180 copies of the coat protein. Except for a couple of stacked bases, the viral RNA is not visible in the electron density map. The coat protein has a jelly-roll -sandwich fold and its conformation is very similar to that of other sobemoviruses and tobacco necrosis virus. The N-terminal arm of one of the three quasiequivalent subunits is partly ordered and follows the same path in the capsid as the arm in rice yellow mottle virus, another sobemovirus. In other sobemoviruses, the ordered arm follows a different path, but in both cases the arms from three subunits meet and form a similar structure at a threefold axis. A comparison of the structures and sequences of viruses in this family shows that the only conserved parts of the protein–protein interfaces are those that form binding sites for calcium ions. -
Studies on Subterranean Clover Mottle Virus Towards Development of a Gene Silencing Vector
Studies on Subterranean clover mottle virus towards development of a gene silencing vector This thesis is submitted to Murdoch University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by John Fosu-Nyarko B.Sc (Hons) [Agric. Sci] Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Division of Science and Engineering Murdoch University February, 2005 Declaration Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not been previously submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institute. …………………… John Fosu-Nyarko ii Abstract Abstract Subterranean clover mottle virus (SCMoV) is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus that infects subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and a number of related legume species. The ultimate aim of this research was to investigate aspects of SCMoV that would support its use as a gene silencing vector for legume species, since RNA (gene) silencing is now a potential tool for studying gene function. The ability of viruses to induce an antiviral defense system is being explored by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), in which engineered viral genomes are used as vectors to introduce genes or gene fragments to understand the function of endogenous genes by silencing them. To develop a gene silencing vector, a number of aspects of SCMoV host range and molecular biology needed to be studied. A requirement for a useful viral vector is a suitably wide host range. Hence the first part of this work involved study of the host range and symptom development of SCMoV in a range of leguminous and non-leguminous plants. -
Biology of RPV Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Satellite RNA Lada Rasochova Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1996 Biology of RPV barley yellow dwarf virus satellite RNA Lada Rasochova Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Molecular Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Recommended Citation Rasochova, Lada, "Biology of RPV barley yellow dwarf virus satellite RNA " (1996). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11563. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11563 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfihn master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely a£fect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be remove4 a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Genome Sequence and Variation in the Australian Native Velvet Tobacco Mottle Virus
Genome sequence and variation in the Australian native Velvet tobacco mottle virus by Kieren Arthur MSc (Hons), The University of Auckland, NZ A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine February, 2011 i - Table of Contents - Thesis Summary ....................................................................................................................... vii Statement .................................................................................................................................... ix Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... x Dedication .................................................................................................................................... xi List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. xii Chapter 1: General Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Velvet tobacco mottle virus ...................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 VTMoV taxonomy ........................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 The genus Sobemovirus ............................................................................. 2 1.2 Unique features of VTMoV ....................................................................................... -
IDENTIFICATION, PREVALENCE and IMPACTS of VIRAL DISEASES of UK WINTER WHEAT LAURA JANE FLINT, Bsc. Thesis Submitted to the Unive
IDENTIFICATION, PREVALENCE AND IMPACTS OF VIRAL DISEASES OF UK WINTER WHEAT LAURA JANE FLINT, BSc. Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 Abstract The potential for viruses to be causing the plateau in the yield of UK wheat (Triticum aestivum) was investigated. Mechanical inoculation of Cynosurus mottle virus to wheat cv. Scout and cv. Gladiator caused 83% and 58% reduction in the number of grains produced, highlighting the potential of viruses to cause disease and yield loss. Viruses historically detected in cereals in the UK were not found to be prevalent following real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing of 1,356 UK wheat samples from 2009-2012 using eleven assasys developed in the project. This included an assay for Cynosurus mottle virus, which was based on its complete genome sequence which was obtained for the first time in this project. Viruses detected were Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (6 samples) (BYDV-MAV), Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (6 samples) (BYDV-PAV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (12 samples) (SBCMV). There was a higher prevalence of viruses in the south, thought to be due to warmer temperatures which benefitted insect vectors and the molecular processes of infection. Viruses were most commonly detected in the variety JB Diego, perhaps because this variety has no known resistance to viruses. The low prevalence of known viruses could also have been because they were outcompeted or replaced by previously unknown ones. Next generation sequencing was used to test 120 samples from an organic site, including wheat, weeds and insects, to search for novel viruses.