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Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete Mental Wellness October 2014

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Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete Mental Wellness October 2014 MIND, BODY AND SPORT UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING STUDENT-ATHLETE MENTAL WELLNESS October 2014 EDITOR Gary T. Brown ASSOCIATE EDITORS Brian Hainline, NCAA Chief Medical Officer Emily Kroshus, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health and the NCAA Sport Science Institute Mary Wilfert, Associate Director, NCAA Sport Science Institute DESIGN Arnel Reynon, Publishing Director, Sport Graphics Amanda Goehlert, Art Director, Sport Graphics Channon Seifert, Designer, Sport Graphics PHOTOGRAPHY NCAA Photos Copyright © 2014 NCAA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, contact Mary Wilfert at [email protected] or write to the NCAA Sport Science Institute at the address below. Mind, Body and Sport: Understanding and Supporting Student-Athlete Mental Wellness ( ISBN # 978-1-4951-3175-2 ) is published by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, 700 West Washington Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-6222 Copies of this book are available at www.NCAAPublications.com NCAA is a trademark of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Acknowledgments NCAA MENTAL HEALTH TASK FORCE NCAA Chief Medical Officer Brian Hainline convened nearly two dozen scientists, clinicians, policy experts, team physicians, administrators, coaches and student-athletes in November 2013 to discuss the myriad mental health issues facing today’s NCAA student-athletes. Those discussions from the Mental Health Task Force prompted development of this publication, and several task force members contributed articles. Jeffrey Anderson, MD; Director of Sports Medicine, University of Nicki Moore, Ph.D.; Senior Associate Athletics Director, Director of Connecticut Student Life, University of Oklahoma Chris Carr, Ph.D., HSPP; St. Vincent Sports Performance, Timothy Neal, MS, ATC; Assistant Director of Athletics for Sports Indianapolis; Consulting Sport Psychologist, Purdue University Medicine, Syracuse University Athletics Department Margot Putukian, MD, FACSM; Director of Athletic Medicine and Kenneth L. Chew, Jr., Psy.D.; Director of the Student Counseling Head Team Physician, Princeton University Center, Indiana State University Marcia Ridpath, MAR Educational Consulting, Association on Jamie Davidson, Ph.D.; Associate Vice President for Student Higher Education and Disability Wellness, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Timothy Saltys, Track and Field Student-Athlete, NCAA Division I Jeffrey L. Derevensky, Ph.D.; Director of the International Center Student-Athlete Advisory Committee Representative, Indiana for Youth Gambling Problems and High-Risk Behaviors, McGill University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne University Victor Schwartz, MD; Clinical Associate Professor, New York Scott Goldman, Ph.D.; Director of Clinical and Sport Psychology, University School of Medicine University of Arizona Penny Semaia, Senior Associate Athletics Director of Student Life, Michael Grandner, Ph.D.; Center for Sleep and Circadian University of Pittsburgh Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Rachel Sharpe, ATC; Assistant Athletic Trainer, University of South Rain Henderson, CEO, Clinton Health Matters Initiative at the Carolina, Columbia Clinton Foundation Bren Stevens, Director of Athletics, University of Charleston (West James Jackson, Ph.D.; Professor of Psychology and Director of the Virginia) Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan Todd Stull, MD; International Society for Sport Psychiatry Chris Klenck, MD; Head Team Physician, University of Tennessee, Aaron Taylor, CBS Sports Knoxville Ron Thompson, Ph.D., FAED, CEDS; Consulting Psychologist, Andrew LeDonne, Track and Field Student-Athlete, NCAA Division III Indiana University, Bloomington, Department of Athletics Student-Athlete Advisory Committee Representative, Lewis & Clark College Frank Webbe, Ph.D.; Professor of Psychology, Florida Institute of Technology David Lester, Ph.D.; Distinguished Professor of Psychology, Richard Stockton College of New Jersey Jim Whitehead, Executive Vice President and CEO, American College of Sports Medicine Bradley Maldonado, Track and Field Student-Athlete, NCAA Division II Student-Athlete Advisory Committee Representative, Gary Williams, Ph.D.; Director of Athletics, Wittenberg University Lincoln Memorial University Terrie Williams, The Terrie Williams Agency Cindy Miller Aron, LCSW, CGP; Samaritan Health Services, Deborah Wilson, Associate Athletics Director, Academic Services, American Group Psychotherapy Association George Mason University Albert Moore, Director of Community Engagement, Gulf South Cathy Wright-Eger, Academic Adviser, Purdue University Conference MIND, BODY AND SPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BRIAN HAINLINE, (NCAA Chief Medical Officer) CHAPTER 1 – FIRST-PERSON PERSPECTIVE GAME FACE IS NOT THE ONLY FACE (By Aaron Taylor, former football student-athlete) Former Notre Dame All-American offensive lineman and first- round NFL draft pick Aaron Taylor discusses his battle with depression. LIVING THE DREAM – AND WAKING UP TO REALITY (By Cathy Wright-Eger, former coach) Former NCAA Division I head swim coach Cathy Wright-Eger describes the challenges coaches face in supporting student-athletes with mental health issues. RESILIENCE, EMPATHY AND TRUE TOUGHNESS (By Molly McNamara, cross country and track student-athlete) Stanford cross country runner Molly McNamara describes her journey through illness, personal stressors and injury to creating a student-led mental health group that collaborates with the athletics department. ONE COACH’S X AND O: PAY ATTENTION, GIVE PERMISSION (By Mark Potter, current coach) NCAA Division II head men’s basketball coach Mark Potter discusses how his experiences battling depression have helped him help understand student-athletes who are suffering with mental health issues. MAKE THE EXPERIENCE POSITIVE (By Bradley Maldonado, Division II Student-Athlete Advisory Committee) Former Lincoln Memorial cross country student-athlete Bradley Maldonado outlines strategies to make a healthy transition to college and effectively manage the stressors that may be present with this life-changing event. SOLVING THE MENTAL HEALTH PUZZLE (By Rachel Sharpe, current assistant athletic trainer) South Carolina athletic trainer Rachel Sharpe describes challenges that athletic trainers face in helping student-athletes with mental health issues. CHAPTER 2 – POSITIONING THE EXPERTS THE PSYCHOLOGIST PERSPECTIVE (By Chris Carr and Jamie Davidson) Psychologists can play an important role in addressing student-athlete mental health issues, but there may be barriers on campuses that limit their full use. THE PSYCHIATRIST PERSPECTIVE (By Todd Stull) Many student-athlete mental health issues are appropriately addressed in consultation with a psychiatrist. CHAPTER 3 – DISSECTING THE DISORDERS EATING DISORDERS (By Ron Thompson) Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder) and subclinicial disordered eating and weight control behaviors are risk factors in the athletics environment that can negatively impact student-athlete health and athletics performance. ANXIETY DISORDERS (By Scott Goldman) Generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorders, phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder are all forms of anxiety disorders. For some student-athletes, stressors in the sport environment can increase their risk of these disorders. MOOD DISORDERS AND DEPRESSION (By Chris Bader) Symptoms of depressive disorders can negatively influence student-athlete well-being. Some individuals suffering with depression may attempt suicide, and it is critical to identify and provide help with a well-rehearsed action plan. DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY PREVALENCE IN STUDENT-ATHLETES (By Ann Kearns Davoren and Seunghyun Hwang) More than 30 percent of college students reported feeling depressed in the last 12 months and 50 percent reported feeling overwhelming anxiety. Student-athletes were less likely than their non-athlete peers to have sought help or to have received mental health services for these concerns. SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE (By Brian Hainline, Lydia Bell and Mary Wilfert) Alcohol and drug use and abuse are risk behaviors that can negatively impact health, athletics performance and academic achievement. Evidence-based prevention programs tailored for the student-athlete experience can help reduce the risk of substance abuse. GAMBLING AMONG STUDENT-ATHLETES: CAUSE FOR CONCERN (By Jeffrey L. Derevensky and Tom Paskus) While most student-athletes who gamble do so legally and safely, gambling disorders present a serious mental health concern for a small but important minority. MIND, BODY AND SPORT SLEEPING DISORDERS (By Michael Grandner) Sleep is critical for health and optimal functioning, including academic and athletics performance. Sleep disorders can impact sleep quality, but so can stressors and schedule constraints, some of which may be related to the demands of sport participation. SUICIDAL TENDENCIES (By David Lester) Student-athlete suicidal ideation is an issue to be taken seriously. Having a plan for what you will do if a student-athlete is suicidal is a critical step that all institutions should take.
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