DOCSLIB.ORG

Earners and Their Dependents in the Population in April 1948

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Earners and Their Dependents in the Population in April 1948 Earners and Their Dependents in the Population in April 1948 by JACOB FISHER* The following article is based on a recent Census Bureau male labor-force participation rate survey of the size and composition of families in the United after age 20 reflects in part the pro- States. It relates the findings to the problem of estimating gressive increase up to about age 35 the number of persons who would have certain kinds of social in the proportion of married women in insurance protection under specified conditions. the female population. The rate for single women remains relatively high OCIAL insurance programs to an dren under age 18 of persons classified at all ages. The extent to which increasing extent have been as earners: and 22 million other per- women stay in the labor market is af- S making provision for the pay- sons (table 1). The civilian popula- fected also by home responsibilities. ment of benefits to dependents or sur- tion of 145 million included 474,000 In April 1948, married women with no vivors. Estimates of beneficiaries and members of the armed forces living children under age 18 were almost costs under such programs, present off post or with families on post. twice as frequently in the labor force and proposed, necessarily involve as- Eighty-flve percent of the popula- as married women with one or more sumptions concerning the relation of tion, in other words, consisted of earn- children under 18. Among widowed the number of dependents to the num- ers and their primary dependents, and and divorced women, labor-force ber of earners. Basic sources of in- 16 percent were neither earners nor membership was more common, for formation on this relationship are the the primary dependents of earners. reasons related to age differences, for family data of the Bureau of the Cen- With such qualifications as will be women with children; for example, sus. Considerable interest attaches noted later, it may be presumed that widowed and divorced women without therefore to the averages and ratios under conditions prevailing in 1948 children under 18 were older on the to be derived from the Census Bu- a program such as national health in- average and less able to And or hold reau’s April 1948 family-composition surance, covering all earners and their jobs. The influence of sex, age, mari- survey. The purpose of the present primary dependents and with a liberal tal status, and home responsibilities article is to present the results of this earnings requirement, would afford on labor-force membership is illus- survey as they bear upon the worker- protection to some 85 percent of the trated in table 4. dependent ratio and to indicate the people in the country. To extend pro- To what extent may it be assumed changes that took place between 1940 tection to any part of the remaining that the number of earners in the and 1948 in underlying family rela- 15 percent would necessitate the es- population in a given month repre- tionships. It should be made clear tablishment of eligibility tests condi- sents the number who would qualify at the outset that the estimates of tioned on elements other than earn- earners, dependents, and insured per- ings or dependency on an earner, as Table l.-Number of earners, primary dependents, and others in the sons offered here have a general rather defined above. These proportions civilian population and percentage than a specific application. They pro- would, of course, be different under distribution, April 1948 vide a basis for an estimate of the other assumptions concerning cover- , numbers who would have certain age and eligibility requirements. kinds of social insurance protection Population groups Earners in the Population under certain conditions; they do not - /l------l- constitute estimates directly applica- Earners comprised over half the Total ________......_____._ 145,087 100 -- ble to any particular program now in population 14 years and over in April Earners *____________....._..__ 58,863 41 effect or proposed. 1948. Eight in every 10 males over ! I Primary dependents_____..___ 63,899 44 For broad social insurance analyti- 13 years of age were either working Wivesl..--..-..--.-.------- 25,136 17 cal purposes, the civilian population of or looking for work. Among men aged Children under 18 * ___._.___I 38,763 I 27 145 million in April 1948 may be di- 25-45, the ages when family responsi- Others-.--.--.---..----.------ 1 22,325 1 15 vided into three groups: 59 million bilities are heaviest, the rate of par- - 1Persons in the labor force, exGhIdingunpaid fam- earners, defined as persons in the la- ticipation in the labor force was as fly workers. bor force that month (excluding un- high as 95 percent. 2 Nonearners, married to and living with earners. s Noneamen living with an earner parent. paid family workers) ; 64 million Among women, on the other hand, Source: Estimated from Bureau of the Census, primary dependents of earners, de- membership in the labor force was Current Population Reports: Population Character- istics (Series P-20, NOS. 10,16,17,21,22 23) and Labor fined as the nonearner wives and chil- most frequent at about age 20. Force (Series P-60, Nos. 5, 11; Series P-57, No. 70). Women workers tend to drop out of Also PO elation (Series P-S, No. ZO);family-composi- *Division of Research and Statistics, tion anL! labor-force data m Sixteenth Census of the Oface of the Commissioner, Social Security the labor force at marriage or shortly United States: 1940;and unpublished data from the Bureau of the Censusrelating to the years 1940,1947, Administration. thereafter, and the decline in the fe- and 1948. Bulletin, September 1949 3 at the end of the year as insured Table 3.-Number of earners in civilian population, by number and type of workers in a social insurance current- primary dependents per earner, April 1948 risk program covering all occupations? [In thousands, except for averages] ( Since some workers employed in the month in question may not earn Primary dependents 1 Average number of the required minimum during the Primary dependents per earner, by type Earners 1 Children d&~c%%s Year, either because of unemployment Total ’ Wife per earner or because their participation in the -p-p___ labor force is seasonal in character, Total ________..._______.__.._____._....__ __._ 58,863 63,899 25,136 38,763 1.09 --I--------- this assumption could result in an No primary dependent-- .__._.. ._-___._.....__. _._ 29,390 ---.-_....’ ________..___._.._. _____..____ overstatement of the number of in- Iprimarydependent ____. __...._ -- ._._....__.. -~~ 12,538 12,538 [ 10,290 2,248 1.00 sured workers. Understatement is Wife.~-----..--.-.-..----.....---~-..-....--.-.. 10,299 10.299 10,290 _---.- ~.._ _._. ..__ implicit, on the other hand, in the Childunder .____ _________._--- ___...____..~. 2,248 2,248 _____.__-. 2,248 ;__._._...._. exclusion from the earner count of 2 primary depcndenk- _._______-. _____...._ -__-. Wifeandchild under lS..---..-...--......-.--.~ persons not in the labor force in the 2childranunderlS.~_~~.~.~~_~....-..-....~-.--. month in question but with qualifying 3ormoreprimilrgdepondents---..- . ..__ ._._.. -~~ earnings in other months of the year Wife and 2 or more children under 18___._ ._ ..___ or in some previous recent period, 3 or more children under 13._._ ___._. ___.. .._._ The extent to which these offset- 1 Seefootnotes. table 1. ting factors affect the estimates de- Source: Seetable 1. pends in part on the kind of current- risk program to which the discussion ings in most State unemployment in- year-22 percent more than in the is directed. The earnings require- surance laws at present. The discus- survey week in July and 26 percent ment for a cash benefit program- sion that follows is in terms of a more than in the survey week in April unemployment insurance or tempo- current-risk program of the service 1948. rary disability insurance-may be type, with broad coverage and a low In a current-risk program limited higher than for a service benefit pro- earnings requirement. to specified industries, the spread be- gram such as health insurance. In Two considerations are involved : tween covered employment at any one the cash benefit programs, the eligi- the relation of employment during time and covered employment during bility test is designed to qualify for the month (actually during the sur- the year is of course much greater, benefits only persons who are ordi- vey week) to employment during the because to the movement into and out narily dependent on their earnings year, and the relative number of earn- of the labor force must be added the and suffer a substantial earnings loss. ers during the year with qualifying shifts between covered and noncov- The service benefit, on the other earnings. ered employment. In 1943, for ex- hand, is not related to the wage-loss A new. series of releases by the Cen- ample, employment covered under concept and when provided in a pro- sus Bureau’ indicates that gross ad- old-age and survivors insurance was gram with broad coverage can ap- ditions to the labor force averaged 3 40 percent higher for the year as a propriately have a low earnings re- million per month in the first half of whole than for an average month in quirement. In some of the health in- 1949 and that the monthly average that year. surance bills before Congress in the of gross separations was 2.3 million. The second consideration concerns last few years, this requirement has Because of the tendency of seasonai the number of earners during the been set as low as $150 a year, or less and temporary workers to move into year who can meet the minimum than the minimum qualifying earn- and out of the labor force severa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traffic Volume Trenos
    s E U I Y PUBLIC ROADS ADMfNlSTRATION FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY l NFORMAT l ONAL MEMORANDUM DATE: MAY 31, 1946 SUBJECT: TRAFFIC VOLUME TRENOS Traffic during April 1940 continued to show approriaately the iy""". same recovery from wartime levels as in the previous three months. ii On the basis of preliminary reports, total travel on rural roads during April 1948 was 51.3 percent above that of April 1946 and only 3.6 percent below that of April 1941. Traffic on main hieh- ways was 1.4 percent below, and that on local roads was 2.3 percent below the 2941 figures. Rural. traffic inthe two western regionswas20.8 percent sbwd p corresponding 1941 counts, while that in the central regions wag 4.2 percent below, and that in the eastern regions was 9.8 percent below the 1941 levels. In comparison with 1945 figures, traffic in the western regions increased 69.2 percent, that in the central regions 47.7 percent, and that in the eastern regions 51.0 percent. Comp+arisons of city traffic .in April 1946 with corresponding traffic in April 1945 are as follows: p 6 stations in Chicago, ILlinois f37.8 percent 3 stations in Detroit, Michigan f23.9 percent 1 stationinS.anta Fe, New Mexico t38.9 percent 5 stations in St, Louis, Missouri $37.9 percent 13 stations in Washington, D. C. t37.4 percent ti. S. FAIRBANK,DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, Puscrc ROADS ADMINISTRATION Attachments Pl P-3 94 0 Q I a Obr Type sf highway and St ate and St ate STATE BIGEIWAYS West Virginia Wisconsin Cann e e t-.icu t Connecticut Massacku setts I Mississippi North Dakota North Carolina North Dakota Wkade Island South Carolina Ssuth Dakota 4 C&RPRAL RPGIOAS a11 States except Delmrare, Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to the Literature of the Southwest Lyle Saunders
    New Mexico Quarterly Volume 18 | Issue 3 Article 18 1948 A Guide to the Literature of the Southwest Lyle Saunders Frank L. Baird Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmq Recommended Citation Saunders, Lyle and Frank L. Baird. "A Guide to the Literature of the Southwest." New Mexico Quarterly 18, 3 (1948). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmq/vol18/iss3/18 This Contents is brought to you for free and open access by the University of New Mexico Press at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Quarterly by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Saunders and Baird: A Guide to the Literature of the Southwest " A G-UIDE TO THE LITERATURE OF THE SOUTHWEST Lyle Saunders and Frank L. Baird . 26 HIS BIBLIOGRAPHY, a service of the Unive{si~y of New M~xico's Research Bureau on Latin America and Cultural Relations in the Southwest,T attempts to list, with such thoroughness as time and resources permit, current materials dealing with the Southwest. The Southwest, as here defined, includes all of New Mexico and Arizona and part~ of­ TeXas, Utah, Oklahoma, Colorado, Nevada, and California. The symbol (F) designates fiction;_ 0) is used to indicate0 materials on the juvenile level. Included in this issue are mainly those titles which were published or came to our attention between..April 1 and June 1, 1948. In order to conserve space and-avoid needless repetition, general, recurring items (indicated in the. Spring, 1948, issue by a star) will be listed only once a year in the Spring numbers of the NEW MEXICO QUARTERLY REVIEW.
    [Show full text]
  • International Law Documents : 1948-49
    International Law Studies – Volume 46 International Law Documents U.S. Naval War College (Editor) The thoughts and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the U.S. government, the U.S. Department of the Navy or the Naval War College. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Page 1. Charter of the Organization of American States, Bogota, 30 April 1948 .. .. .. ............. .. ..... .... ......... ..... 2. American Treaty of Pacific Settlement: "Pact of Bogota," Bogota, 30 April 1948. 26 3. Treaty of Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Col- lective Self-Defense (United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Luxem- bourg, and the Netherlands), Brussels, 17 March 1948.... .. 46 4. North Atlantic Defense Treaty, Washington, 4 April1949...... .. 52 5. Revised General Act for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, Lake Success, 28 April 1949... 56 6. Statute of the Council of Europe, London, 5 May 1949.. 57 II. TRIALS OF WAR CRIMINALS 1. International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Indictment No. 1, 29 April 1946 (excerpts). 71 2. International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Judgment, 4-12 November 1948 (excerpts). 76 3. Tabulation of the Tokyo Sentences of Individual Defendants. 107 III. RIGHTS CLAIMED BY LITTORAL STATES IN ADJACENT SEAS 1. The Corfu Channel Case (Merits), International Court of Justice, Judgment of 9 April 1949.. 108 2. United States Laws and Regulations.......................... 156 (a) Harbors Closed to Foreign Vessels..................... 156 (b) DefensiveSeaAreas ............................. .. .. 157 (c) Maritime Control Areas.............................. 169 (d) Customs Enforcement Areas........................ 176 (e) Laws concerning Pollution of Navigable Waters....... .. 180 3. Claims to the Continental Shelf. • 182 (a) United States of America: Presidential Proclamation, 28 September 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins of NATO: 1948--1949
    Emory International Law Review Volume 34 Issue 0 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Seventieth Anniversary 2019 Origins of NATO: 1948--1949 Lawrence S. Kaplan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Lawrence S. Kaplan, Origins of NATO: 1948--1949, 34 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 11 (2019). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol34/iss0/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KAPLANPROOFS2_10.24.19 10/28/2019 1:48 PM ORIGINS OF NATO: 1948-1949 Lawrence S. Kaplan* OVERVIEW The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) originated in the trauma of World War II. The human cost of that war at last motivated Europe to remove the barriers to economic integration that had promoted warfare among the nation-states since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.1 The devastation of western Europe also inspired the United States as the major victor in that war to abandon its traditional isolation from European political and military affairs.2 Accelerating these fundamental changes was the awareness on both sides of the Atlantic of the threat Soviet-led Communism posed to the future of Western democracy.3 However, recognizing the necessity did not equate with effective immediate action to cope with these two challenges in the post-war world. Too many obstacles had to be overcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Alamance County World War II Deaths There Were Approximately 220
    Alamance County World War II Deaths There were approximately 220 local deaths in World War II. This information was compiled from microfilm for the Local History Collection at May Memorial Library with the help of Miriam Pace, library volunteer and member of the Alamance County Friends of the Library, who spent many hours researching and copying. Allen, Robert Cecil son of George Walter Allen and Dora Bailey Allen died April 11, 1945 in World War II buried at Cane Creek Friends Burial Ground Source: The Allen Family by Lester M. Allen Anderson, Roy Clifton Private First Class son of Mr. and Mrs. C.L. Anderson of South Park Ave., Burlington died October 3, 1944 as a result of injuries received in a vehicle accident He had been overseas since June 1943. He is survived by his parents and a sister, Mrs. J.K. Dixon of Burlington Source: Times-News Nov. 13, 1944 Askew, Harrell Coble Corporal of Askew St., Burlington died July 13, 1945 in Burlington at age 26 years. Funeral services were held at the First Reformed Church and honorary pallbearers were supplied by a detachment from O.R.D. at Greensboro. Interment was in Pine Hill Cemetery in Burlington. Source: Times-News July 19, 1945 Ausley, Williams Shreve Gunner’s Mate son of Mr. and Mrs. W.F. Ausley of Elon College was killed August 9, 1944 while serving on PT 509. Ausley was inducted into the Naval Reserve in February 1942 and went overseas to England in 1944. He was originally buried on Guernsey Island by the Germans after the sinking of his boat.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory Dep.288 BBC Scottish
    Inventory Dep.288 BBC Scottish National Library of Scotland Manuscripts Division George IV Bridge Edinburgh EH1 1EW Tel: 0131-466 2812 Fax: 0131-466 2811 E-mail: [email protected] © Trustees of the National Library of Scotland Typescript records of programmes, 1935-54, broadcast by the BBC Scottish Region (later Scottish Home Service). 1. February-March, 1935. 2. May-August, 1935. 3. September-December, 1935. 4. January-April, 1936. 5. May-August, 1936. 6. September-December, 1936. 7. January-February, 1937. 8. March-April, 1937. 9. May-June, 1937. 10. July-August, 1937. 11. September-October, 1937. 12. November-December, 1937. 13. January-February, 1938. 14. March-April, 1938. 15. May-June, 1938. 16. July-August, 1938. 17. September-October, 1938. 18. November-December, 1938. 19. January, 1939. 20. February, 1939. 21. March, 1939. 22. April, 1939. 23. May, 1939. 24. June, 1939. 25. July, 1939. 26. August, 1939. 27. January, 1940. 28. February, 1940. 29. March, 1940. 30. April, 1940. 31. May, 1940. 32. June, 1940. 33. July, 1940. 34. August, 1940. 35. September, 1940. 36. October, 1940. 37. November, 1940. 38. December, 1940. 39. January, 1941. 40. February, 1941. 41. March, 1941. 42. April, 1941. 43. May, 1941. 44. June, 1941. 45. July, 1941. 46. August, 1941. 47. September, 1941. 48. October, 1941. 49. November, 1941. 50. December, 1941. 51. January, 1942. 52. February, 1942. 53. March, 1942. 54. April, 1942. 55. May, 1942. 56. June, 1942. 57. July, 1942. 58. August, 1942. 59. September, 1942. 60. October, 1942. 61. November, 1942. 62. December, 1942. 63. January, 1943.
    [Show full text]
  • Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization, Including Annexes 9
    UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT HELD AT HAVANA, CUBA FROM NOVEMBER 21, 1947, TO MARCH 24, 1948 _______________ FINAL ACT AND RELATED DOCUMENTS INTERIM COMMISSION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION LAKE SUCCESS, NEW YORK APRIL, 1948 - 2 - The present edition of the Final Act and Related Documents has been reproduced from the text of the signature copy and is identical with that contained in United Nations document E/Conf. 2/78. This edition has been issued in larger format in order to facilitate its use by members of the Interim Commission. - 3 - FINAL ACT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT - 4 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Final Act of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment VII II. Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization, including Annexes 9 III. Resolutions adopted by the Conference 117 - 5 - FINAL ACT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT The Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, by a resolution dated February 18, 1946, resolved to call an International Conference on Trade and Employment for the purpose of promoting the expansion of the production, exchange and consumption of goods. The Conference, which met at Havana on November 21, 1947, and ended on March 24, 1948, drew up the Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization to be submitted to the Governments represented. The text of the Charter in the English and French languages is annexed hereto and is hereby authenticated. The authentic text of the Charter in the Chinese, Russian and Spanish languages will be established by the Interim Commission of the International Trade Organization, in accordance with the procedure approved by the Conference.
    [Show full text]
  • Maine Alumnus, Volume 29, Number 7, April 1948
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine University of Maine Alumni Magazines University of Maine Publications 4-1948 Maine Alumnus, Volume 29, Number 7, April 1948 General Alumni Association, University of Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/alumni_magazines Part of the Higher Education Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation General Alumni Association, University of Maine, "Maine Alumnus, Volume 29, Number 7, April 1948" (1948). University of Maine Alumni Magazines. 145. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/alumni_magazines/145 This publication is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Maine Alumni Magazines by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. < ** y-v"*” v' A J * / * . V , ' . • Y*/ s' '> ■v> ' •' • • • Y*. / - . ■ • . / ■' v ’ V; >»- / }* • < • ... :.. v- •• •; v^-._<,■••••■//. :--' W ■ V.vv;. •• i W f< ‘ . A :•"/*• •• ‘ < . — * • ■ ‘ .W • .* % »v />» V- >• * .>>••'*. ■ ' •;~ f‘ V‘.\■ / * • . /•. ’ '* . j • . •• V ' • • • - - * \ cCC#' v •/ REPRODUCTION FROM A COLOR PRINT FROM A SERIES “ EARLY LANDMARKS OF PORTLAND " COPYRIGHT 1945 THE CANAL NATIONAL BANK OF PORTLAND PORTLAND Ma in e % Jirst cPansh cJ W House The first place of worship in Casco Neck, now Portland, was a rude By 1740 Parson Smith’s congregation had outgrown this church. A new structure, believed to be of logs, located on the waterfront where Hancock building of wood, known as "Old Jerusalem," was erected on Congress Street now joins Fore Street George Burroughs, that unfortunate man who Street at the head of Meeting House Lane, now Temple Street A steeple later was convicted of witchcraft at Salem, was the minister of the church was built in 1759 The pews were first painted August 7, 1803, and that from 1674 to 1676, and again from 1683 until 1690 The building was Sunday there was no service because the paint was not yet dry.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Economic Changes in 1948
    UNITED NATIONS MAJOR ECONOMIC CHANGES IN 1948 Department of Economic Affairs Lake Success, New York January 1949 Major Economic Changes in" 1948 Department of Economic Affairs UNITED NATIONS Lake Success, New York January 1949 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS Sales No.: 1949. n.C. I PREFACE Ma]or Economic Changes in 1948 is the third of a series of reports dealing with world economic conditions, prepared by the Department of Economic Affairs of the United Nations. The first, Economic Report: Salient Features of the World Economic Situation 1945-47, was issued in January 1948; a supple- ment to that report, Selected World Economic Indices, was issued in July 1948. The purpose of the present publication is to make generally available a preliminary review of important economic developments which occurred during 1948. It is being issued at this time in order to provide the Economic and Social Council with a useful factual background for discussion of the current world economic situation at its eighth session in February 1949. A comprehensive economic survey of the world situation will be issued towards the middle of 1949. That survey will take account both of the regional economic reports which will become available during the early months of 1949 from the secre- tariats of the regional economic commissions of the United Nations in Europe, Latin America and the Far East, and of the economic activities of the specialized agencies. Part I of Major Economic Changes in 1948 provides a broad picture of the main economic develop- ments during the year 1948, based on data, necessarily incomplete for the year, which were available at the time the report was prepared.
    [Show full text]
  • The Events of 1948 and the Palestinian Refugees
    The Events of 1948 and the Palestinian Refugees Summary by Ron Stockton We can learn much about history from first-hand reports. What follows are two types of reports: contemporary documents and the perspectives of those who were present, and the results of recent scholarship. There is an exceptional amount of rhetoric around these events. A polemic is an argument designed to prove that you are right and some rival group is wrong. There is a Jewish-Arab polemic and a Jewish-Jewish polemic [between the Ben-Gurion/Haganah/Labour left and the Begin/Herut/Likud right]. These polemics are only marginally included. Tessler discusses them more fully. The New Historians : When Menachem Begin became Prime Minister in 1977, he was so stung by allegations that he was a terrorist that he began to open the state archives to researchers. More archives were opened under the 50-year rule in 1997 and 1998. These produced a wave of new research based on documents, journals, reports, minutes. Israelis saw themselves as peaceful and accommodating and the Arab side as the problem. Four books shook the way Israelis saw this history. These were Simha Flapan’s The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities; Benny Morris’ The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949; Ilan Pappe’s Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948-1951; Avi Shlain’s Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, The Zionist Movement, and the Partition of Palestine; and Tom Segev, 1949:The First Israelis. Background: Fighting in Palestine went through three distinct stages with different characteristics and different military forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Employers, Workers, and Wages, April-June 1949
    all instances they represent a “bar- Employers, Workers, from April-June 1948 and January- gain” to the annuitant. These arbi- March 1949, respectively. The total trary factors were undoubtedly and Wages, April-June number of workers employed in cov- introduced for ease in administration, ered industries, estimated at 38.8 mil- but they do create significant inequi- 1949 - * - lion, was 4.4 percent smaller than in ties as between different individuals. Workers with taxable wages in the second quarter of 1948 and 0.5 The following tabulation shows, for April-June 1949 numbered an esti- percent less than in the first quarter certain combinations of ages of male mated 38.5 million, representing a of 1949. These contraseasonal de- employee and wife, the factors that drop of 4.5 percent and 1.3 percent clines result from continuing adjust- will be applicable according to the law and those developed on a reasonable Table l.-Old-age and survivors insurance: Estimated number of employers * actuarial basis. and workers and estimated amount of wages in covered industries, by speci- fied period, 1940-49 In some instances the factors in the (Corrected to Nov. 1,1949] law are more generous by as much as - - - 80 or 90 percent, while for what might All Total pay rolls in Work- i vorkcrs r overed industries 8 be considered the typical case of a E I?rs with nplosed - - -- male employee aged 65 and his wife, 1.nxehle in I- NILWR overcd aged 60, the differential is more than Year and quarter during dust& (P xriod 2 Total 1l-wage iwing Total 1ivcrage 25 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • Index to Proceedings of the General Assembly, 2Nd Special Session, 1948
    United Nations Nations Unres' UNRESTRIfTED A/INF/24, GENERAL ASSEMBLEE 28 September 19l~~ ASSEMBLY GENERALE ENGLISH ONLY ---------Dual Distribution DISPOSITION OF AGENDA rrms OF THE SECOND SPECIAL SE3SION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 16 APRlL - 14 MAY 19~8 Prepared by the Doouments Index Unit Contents I. Introduction •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• page 1 n. Check list of meetings •••••• •• •• •••• •• •••• page 2 Ill. Subject-index to the items discussed •••••• page 5 IV. Subject-index to atatemente ••• •••••••• • ••• page I. Im."RODUCTION 1. 'heck list The check list of documents of the Decond special session 0f thp Assembly \"ill be :included in Part I of tho Check List of United. Nllt1rn~ DocWlents, 1948, now being pr'epared for publica.tion by the Dc,'j'lnr;nt::J Index Unit. 2. 12iswsit1on of agenda itonw The itemD doalt with at the ~econd special session of the Ceneral Assembly o.ro arrangod, in this document, in the form of a oubjoct-inrlcx, conta.mine, undor appropriato llubJoct hoadings, all docUmonta.tion, discussion and disposition by the General Aooemb1y. References to records of meet1ngs ,in Part In are mad€) to meeting number only. Resolutions• Tho resolutions adopted at the socond opocial ~oaoion arc colloctod in documont A/555 (G;onerfU A::Jsembly Official Rocords, Second Spocial SElElsipn. SupplEllllBJl.t No. 2). It.. ~et-1ndox to otatement::J Too Spdpchoo made by ropreaontntivo::J Q.t. nootingo arc listed. in Port IV in IllphAbotital order of delogntion, aubjcct d.iacuoaod' and ournanc of :J'P81lkr~r, lIT. CEECK L191 A/m?/2k Pago 2 • II. CHECK LIST OF MEETINGS !• Plenary Mootlnga Publiohod Summary Publiohod.
    [Show full text]