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AAAS, see Australasian Association for the Berndts’ applications, 159 Advancement of Science Lloyd Warner decision, 129 Abbott, CLA, 23, 39, 48, 167, 178 Piddington’s applications, 106, 189 ABM, see Australian Board of Missions Radcliffe-Brown’s view of work Aboriginal languages, see linguistics and direction, 64 languages After the Dreaming, 135 Aboriginal woman: Sacred and profane, Agar, WE, 123 112 AIAS, 18, 225–7 Aboriginals Ordinance of 1911 (NT), 37 Ainsworth, Colonel John, 8–9 Aborigines, 3–4, 15–27, 77–9, 93–170, Aladoa, 110 217–28 Albrecht, Pastor Paul, 212–13, 214 Elkin’s arguments for Carnegie Alice Springs, 54, 132, 136–7, 176, 214 proposal, 196 America, 8, 14, 100–1 Firth’s research program, 73 Berkeley, 129 Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Carnegie Corporation, 59, 148, 221 Pan Pacific Science Congress, 7, 8 Chicago, 67, 70, 131, 132, 220–1 Radcliff-Brown’s research program, Harvard, 121, 125, 126, 131 64–7 Michigan, 131 Rockefeller Foundation interest in, 10 Mountford’s Second World War, 174, 175–81; expedition, 192, 193 evacuations, 160, 176 Seattle, 189 see also mixed-descent, people Toronto, 133–4 of; ; physical Wichita, 134 anthropology; Western Australia Wisconsin, 125, 134 Aborigines Act of 1910 (NT), 37 Yale Trust Fund, 55, 56 ‘Aborigines Corps’, 178 see also Hawai’i; Rockefeller Aborigines Protector, 141 Foundation Adelaide, 159, 160, 176 American Museum of Natural History, see also University of Adelaide 11, 52, 100 Adelaide Advertiser, 207 American National Geographic Society, Admiralty Islands, 91 192 Advisory Committee on Anthropology, ANCR, see Australian National Research 12, 73, 78–9, 121 Council

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Anderson, John, 183 Reay’s critique, 220 ANGAU, see Australia New Guinea Thomson’s argument against, 39 Administrative Unit Association for the Protection of Native Anglican Church, 42, 94, 107, 109, 112 Races (APNR), 107, 140–1 see also Australian Board of Missions Atlantic Charter, 185 Anthropological Society of South Attorney-General’s Department, 101 Australia, 155 Auckland, 81, 189 ‘anthropologist’, etymology of, vi Aurukun, 119–21, 123, 124–5, 203–6 anthropology chairs, see chairs of Austen, Leo, 72, 89 anthropology Australasian Association for the Anthropology Committee, see Advisory Advancement of Science (AAAS), Committee on Anthropology 6, 10 Anthropology I and II, 72 Radcliffe-Brown’s 1926 address to, anthropometric measurements, see 23–4 physical anthropology Australia and New Zealand Association Anti-Slavery reporter and Aborigine’s for the Advancement of Science 1935 Friend, 105 conference, 22, 108 ANU, see Australian National University Australia New Guinea Administrative ANZAAS 1935 conference, 22, 108 Unit (ANGAU), 181–2, 196, 200 applied anthropology, 5, 164, 168 Directorate of Research and Civil British, 3 Affairs and, 184–5, 186 see also culture contact and culture Australian Aboriginal Studies, 22 clash Australian Aborigines, see Aborigines ‘Are the Ontong Javanese Polynesian’, 53 Australian Air Force (RAAF), 179, Areyonga Ration Station, 208 192, 194 Armstrong, WE, 42–3 Australian Anthropological Conference army, see Australian Army (2001), 13 Arnhem Land, 101, 115–18, 226 Australian Army (AIF), 173–82, 187, Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, 128, 188, 189 191–5 impacts on Aborigines, 168, 212–14; Capell, Arthur, 219 Elkin’s opinions, 165–6, 207, 213–14 , 67, 220 Williams’ First World War service, 43 Lloyd-Warner, W, 51, 129–31; Australian Army Directorate of Research Howells’ description and conclusions and Civil Affairs (DORCA), 178, about anthropometric data collected 181–9, 190, 197 by, 53–4 Australian Army Medical Women’s Second World War, 179 Service, 189 Stanner, WEH, 72, 143 Australian Board of Missions (ABM), Thomson, Donald, 39, 116–18, 179 213–14, 215 Aroetta, 179 Forrest River Mission, 65, 108 Arrernte, 220 Piddington and, 107 Arunta, 57 Thomson and, 124, 125, 204–5 Asad, Talal, 2–3 Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, ASOPA, see Australian School of Pacific 18, 225–7 Administration Australian Institute of Industrial assimilation, 164, 170, 213–14, 217 Psychology, 104 European immigrants, 199, 220–1 Australian Institute of Sociology, 220 McEwen’s ‘New Deal for Aboriginals’, Australian Investment Agency, 166 40–1 Australian Museum, 173

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Australian National Research Council Nadel at, 13, 15, 198, 199, 200; (ANRC), 6–12, 38, 73 death, 225 Elkin’s reports to, 174; on Stanner, Read at, 188 139, 143 Stanner at, 187, 198, 225 funding, 10–12, 71, 74–6, 147–8, Australian National University Act, 195–6; Chapman’s embezzlement, 1946, 198 124; after Second World War, 202 Australian Navy, 192 Guided Projectiles Project Australian New Guinea, 181 representative, 210 see also Australia New Guinea Houison, Isabel, 192–3, 194 Administrative Unit McConnel’s observations about Australian Pacific Territories Research research program, 121–2 Council, 186, 196–7 presidents, 124, 133, 200 Australian School of Pacific Radcliffe-Brown’s reports and Administration (ASOPA/School of recommendations, 64, 69; on Civil Affairs), 187, 189–91, 196, Porteus, 97 197–8, 201, 225 Thomson’s Arnhem Land attachment to ANU, 190, 197, 199 appointment, 115, 116 Read at, 188, 191 see also Advisory Committee on Avon Valley, 94, 95 Anthropology Australian National Research Council BAAS Conference (1914), 6 (ANRC), projects funded through, Backhouse, Judge Alfred, 75 58–9, 77–170, 228–30 Balaklava, 160 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, Bandjalang, 218 149–50, 158, 159, 161, 191–2, 195 Barnes, JA, 15, 20–1, 200, 220 Capell, Arthur, 219 ANU chair, 225 Elkin, AP, 65 article on type and purpose of research Fortune, Reo, 82, 91 projects, 226 Hart, CWM, 131 Sydney chair, 14, 223–4 McConnel, Ursula, 119, 121 Bartlett, FC, 81 physical anthropology, 51–4 Barwick, Diane, 141, 219 Piddington, Ralph, 106–8, 189 Basedow, Herbert, 32–3, 37 Porteus, Stanley D, 97, 101 Basima, 88–9 post-war, dealing with traditional Bates, Daisy, 56, 137, 150 Aboriginal people, 19 Bateson, Gregory, 92 Powdermaker’s proposal, 67 Bathurst and Melville (Tiwi) Islands, Thomson, Donald, 123–4, 126 131–2, 133, 219 Australian National Research Council Beagle Bay, 95, 97, 99 (ANRC) fellowships, 12, 145–6 Beauchamp, Alison, 218 Hart, CWM, 132–3 Beavis, Major-General LE, 209, 211–12 Kaberry, Phyllis, 112 Beckett, Jeremy, 13–14, 18, 187 Piddington, Ralph, 104, 106–7 research conducted by, 127, 220 Australian National University (ANU), ‘Being a Preliminary Report on an 14, 195, 219, 220, 221 Anthropological survey carried out attachment of Australian School of on certain Northern Territory Cattle Pacific Studies (ASOPA) to, 190, Stations’, 169 197, 199 beliefs, mythology and customs, 29, 67, establishment of Research School of 93, 217 Pacific Studies, 198–9 Berndts’ research, 153

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Fortune’s research, 67, 82–90 Bleakley, John, 117, 120, 121, 122, 127 Hart’s research, 131–2 The Blonde Captive, 101 Kaberry’s research, 108 blood quantum, 17 McConnel’s research, 118–22 see also ‘full-blood’ Aborigines; mixed- Pan Pacific Science Congress descent, people of statement, 7, 8 Bloomfield River, 118 Piddingtons’ research, 103; Bourke, 217–18 Rockefeller Foundation Boyer Lectures, 135 fellowship, 105 brains, 51 Sharp’s research, 126 Brammel, Elsie, 108 Stanner’s observations and research, Bray, FI, 96, 157, 165–6, 167, 176 138, 139 Brewarrina, 218 see also missionaries and mission Britain, see United Kingdom settlements; rituals and ceremonies British Association for the Advancement Bell, Diane, 155 of Science Conference (1914), 6 Bell, James (Jim), 218, 221 British New Guinea, see Papua Benjamin, Marion, 98 British Solomon Islands Protectorate, Bennett, Mary, 104–5, 107, 109 see Solomon Islands Berkeley, 129 Broome, 97, 103, 176 Berndt, Catherine, 147–62, 201, 222, Brown, Richard, vii 224, 225 Bruce, Stanley Melbourne, 9–10 Arnhem Land, 128, 191–5 Brunette Downs (Worgai), 132, 133 research for Vesteys, 22–3, 166–70, buck currants, 151–2 192 Bulmer, Ralph, 199 Berndt, Ronald, 147–62, 201, 224, Burridge, Kenelm, 18 225, 226 Busama, 187, 200 Arnhem Land, 128, 191–5 kinship lectures and seminars given Caledon Bay, 115, 117 by, 21 Calley, Malcolm, 218 research for Vesteys, 22–3, 166–70, Cambridge, 11, 220, 226 192 Armstrong at, 42, 43 research reports sent to Prime Minister Berndt’s seminar on kinship, 21 Curtin and Army Minister Forde, 178 Chinnery at, 46 University of Western Australia senior Fortune at, 81–2 lectureship, 222–4 Cameroons, 112 views on anthropological research, Campbell, TD, 49, 51, 54, 58, 107 4–5, 15–16, 23, 154 Canada, 101, 133–4, 219 Bernice P Bishop Museum, 62, 63, 64 Cape Bedford Station, 122 Billings, Dorothy, 133–4 Cape Don lighthouse, 131 Binadere, 79 Cape Town, 43, 70 Bingle, AS, 166–8 Cape York, 110, 118–27, 203–6 Bintubi, 216 Capell, Arthur, 112, 148, 191, 198, biology, see physical anthropology 219–20 Birdsell, Joseph, 154 Cardew, HC, 45 Birrundudu, 23 Carnegie Corporation, 59, 148, 221 Bishop Museum, 62, 63, 64 Carrington, VG, 169, 170 ‘Black Civilisation’, 129 Carrodus, JA, 145, 161–2 black magic, see magic and sorcery cattle industry, 77–8, 138, 139–40, Blamey, Sir Thomas, 182, 184, 186, 162–70 189, 196 Kimberley, 65, 110–12

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Vestey Bros, 23, 166–70, 192 Northern Territory; Papua Central Australia, 38, 54, 57, 68, 97, 129 Committee of National Morale, 182, 187 Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Committee on Anthropology, see Hart’s trip through, 132 Advisory Committee on Anthropology Meggitt’s Walbirri research, 18 committee on guided projectiles Pink in, 38, 59, 136–7 (rockets), 209 Warburton Ranges, 56, 149 Commonwealth Advisor on Native see also South Australia Affairs, 48, 178, 207–8 ceremonies, see rituals and ceremonies Commonwealth and State welfare chairs of anthropology, 13–14 authorities 1948 conference, 148 see also Australian National University; Commonwealth Attorney-General’s University of Sydney chair Department, 101 Champion, Ivan, 201 Commonwealth Department of External Chapman, Henry G, 58–9, 76, 123–4, Affairs, 188, 190, 195–6, 197 133 Commonwealth Department of External Cherbourg Mission, 127 Territories, 197 Chicago, 67, 70, 131, 132, 220–1 Commonwealth Department of Post War Chifley, Ben, 195, 208 Reconstruction, 213, 220 child endowment, 167–8, 169, 170 Commonwealth Department of Social child mortality, 56, 148, 167, 218 Services, 167 Childs, Clinton S, 97 Commonwealth Department of the Chinnery, EWP, 41–2, 43, 46–8, 82 Interior, 145, 161–2, 210 Northern Territory Native Affairs Commonwealth funding, 10–11, 70, 71, Branch director/Commonwealth 74, 75, 76 Advisor on Native Affairs, 48, Australian Pacific Territories Research 145, 170, 176, 178; Berndts and, Council, 196 160, 161–2, 166–7, 168; Guided Mountford’s expedition to Arnhem Projectiles Project, 207–8, 210, Land, 192 212, 213 Commonwealth Investigation Bureau views on anthropological research, 6 (CIB), 101, 155–7 Christian missionaries, see missionaries Commonwealth Research Grants, 195 circumcision, 56 communists, 211–12, 213 citizenship, 40, 178 compensation for war damage, 187–8 Cleland, DM, 184 Conlon, Alfred A., 182–4, 187, 190, 191 Cleland, JB, 49, 54–7 Australian Pacific Territories Research Berndts and, 149, 150–2, 156, 159, Council, 186, 196–7 160–1 Cook, Cecil, 38, 39, 42, 130, 164 McConnel and, 118–19 Stanner and, 134, 135 opinion of ‘full-blooded natives’, 36 Coombes, Victor W, 205–6 Piddington and, 107 Coombs, HC (‘Nugget’), 213 Pink and, 137 Coonamble, 218 clothing, 109, 111, 167, 170, 180 Cooper, William, 35–6 Berndts request for old, 152 Cottle, Drew, 182 Berndt’s request for old, 151 Craig, Jean, 220–1 nakedness, 51–2, 99 Cranswick, Bishop George H, 213–14, Cocks, Paul, 139 215 Colonial Office, 112, 186, 187 Cridland, AE, 88 colonial period, 1–2 cultural origins, 53–4 colonial system, 1–6, 227 culture contact and culture clash, 4–5, see also New Guinea and Melanesia; 15–20, 24–5, 66, 78

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Berndts’ research, 154–5, 159–62 Campbell’s and Tinsdale’s Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 estimates, 51 impact of Australian Air Force in in ‘Native problem’ trope, 34 Second World War, 194 Papua and New Guinea, 69, 90, New Guinea and Melanesia, 68, 69 199–200, 201 Northern Territory, 129–30, 131– see also culture contact and culture 2, 134–5, 144; mining development, clash; health 137–9 Desert People, 18 Papua, 84 diet and rations, 109, 162–5, 169, 175 Western Australia, 93–6, 102–13 Berndts’ payment to research see also preservation of traditional informants, 151–2, 194 culture; violence and ill-treatment fed to Hart at Bathurst Island currants, 151–2 mission, 131 Curtin, John, 176, 178, 185, 186 Kaberry’s observations, 111, 112 customary law (native courts), 39, 187 McConnel’s observations, 110 as payment for North Australia Daly River, Stanner in, 24, 134–5, 142 Observer Unit (NAOU) work, 180 diet and rations, 140–1, 163–4 Piddingtons’ observations, 103 doctoral thesis, 143–4 Stanner’s observations, 138, 162–4; Firth’s assessment of research, 72 ‘National Food Rations’ report, 140–1 MA thesis, 136–7 diffusionism, 14, 29 Dampier Peninsula, 95, 97 see also Elliot Smith, Grafton Darwin, 129, 134–5, 176, 178 diplomas of anthropology, 43, 81, 83 Commonwealth and State welfare awarded to University of Sydney authorities 1948 conference, 148 students, 67, 72, 108, 221; Berndt, David, Edgeworth, 6 Ronald and Catherine, 149, 158 Davidson, JW, 198 Directorate of Research and Civil Affairs Davies, Bishop Stephen, 42, 125 (DORCA), 178, 181–9, 190, 197 de Lepervanche, Marie, vi Dobuans, 84–90 death rates, 56, 148, 165, 167, 218 doctoral studies, 13, 14, 218, 220, 221 decolonisation, 1, 226 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, 195 Dedman, JJ, 209 Elkin, AP, 94 defence and national security, 31–2, Firth, Raymond, 14 173–81 Hart, CWM, 132, 133 Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Kaberry, Phyllis, 112 suspicions about Berndt, 155–8, McConnel, Ursula, 118 160–1 Piddington, Ralph, 105 D’Entrecasteaux group (Tewara Island), Read, Kenneth E, 188 67, 81–92 Sharp, Lauriston, 125–6 Department of External Affairs, 188, Stanner, WEH, 143–4 190, 195–6, 197 Douglas, Bronwen, viii Department of External Territories, 197 Douglas Mawson, 101 Department of Post War Reconstruction, Dovey, J Whitsed, 213 213, 220 dreams, 82, 105, 118–19, 153 Department of Social Services, 167 Drysdale River, 94–6 Department of the Interior, 145, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical 161–2, 210 Africa, 71 depopulation, 5, 36, 64 Duau, 44

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Duguid, Dr Charles, 157, 161 Neville and, 94–6, 97, 102, 106, Guided Projectiles Project, 207, 208, 108–9, 112–13 210, 211–13, 214 Northern Territory, 38, 39–40, Duntroon Military College, 8 115–16, 191–4; Stanner’s work in, Durack, Elizabeth, 109 137–9, 140–1, 143–4; Thomson’s Durack, Mary, 109, 111, 223 appointment, 117–18; Thomson’s Melbourne Herald articles, 203–7 ‘Eaglehawk & Crow’ letter, 226–7 Papua and New Guinea, 44–5, 74, 91, earnings, see wages 185, 189, 196, 198–202 ‘Economic Changes in North Australian Piddington and, 102, 106, 108, Tribes’, 144 113, 189 Edinburgh, 189 Pink and, 136–7 education, 168, 177, 192 Porteus and, 97 La Perouse primary school, 218 publications, 18, 73, 93, 185 Papua and New Guinea, 173, 181, Radcliffe-Brown and, see Radcliffe- 184, 198, 200–1; Wedgwood’s study, Brown, AR, and AP Elkin 186, 189 Read and, 188, 191, 222 soldiers during Second World War, Research School of Pacific Studies, 173, 182 198–9 see also training rural and urban research program, , 130 158–62, 217–18; immigrants, 220 Elkin, AP, vii, 14, 113–14, 189–225 Second World War, 174–5, 177, 178, appointment as lecturer-in-charge, 185, 191 73–4 Sharp and, 125–6 appointment as professor, 75 South West Pacific, 185, 196, 198–9 Australian School of Pacific Stanner and, 134, 135–6, 143–4, 145, Administration (ASOPA), 189–90, 191, 223; Arnhem Land proposal, 191, 196, 198, 225 116; Daly River, 140–1, 143–4; Papua Berndts and, 149, 160–2, 191–5; proposal, 44–5; Warramunga report, Lower Murray, 158, 159; Ooldea, 137–9 149–50, 151, 152, 154, 155, 158; students, 20–1, 149, 188, 200, 220 research for Vesteys, 166–8, 170; Thomson and, 116, 117–18, University of Western Australia senior 124–5, 126, 211, 214; Melbourne lectureship, 222–3 Herald articles, 203–7 Capell and, 112, 148, 191, 198, 219 views on anthropological research, 5, Directorate of Research and Civil 16, 18–21, 24, 93; endorsed by Firth, Affairs, 185, 189 73; government anthropologist’s role, field work, 16, 24, 51, 65, 93–6; 44; Hogbin’s suggestion to, 26 Arnhem Land, 193; La Grange, 95, views on department’s role, 13 102, 103; Moola Bulla, 110; Mt ‘vitality’ interests, 140–1, 148, 162–70 Margaret, 109 Elliot Smith, Grafton, 7, 9–10, 11, 118 funding, 74, 76, 147–8, 195–6, 202 Elkin and, 74, 75, 94 Groves and, 198 Embree, Edwin, 11, 12 Guided Projectiles Project, 210–16 visit to University of Adelaide, 49–50 Harney and, 181 employment, 132–3 Kaberry and, 108–9, 110, 113, 148 see also labour; University of Sydney Kelly and, 127 appointments McConnel and, 125–6 End of an Era, 169

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Ernabella Mission, 157, 161, 208, 214 Kimberley, 65 Erskine, AB, 157–8 South Australia, 155 ethno-history, 219 Forde, Frank, 178, 182, 196 European immigrants, assimilation of, Forrest River Mission, 65, 108 199, 220–1 Fortune, Reo, 25, 67, 75, 81–92 Evans-Pritchard, EE, 20 Found, 101 Evatt, HV, 185, 211 France, 8 External/Australian Pacific Territories Frazer, JG, 7 Research Council, 186, 196–7 Freeman, Derek, 225 Froebenius Expedition, 219 Fairhorn, BW, 88–9 From Black to White in South Australia, fellowships, 188, 195 162 see also Australian National Research frontier society, see violence and Council (ANRC) fellowships; ill-treatment Rockefeller Foundation fellowships Fry, TP, 187–8 Ferguson, William, 207 ‘full-blood’ Aborigines, 17, 51, 155 Fergusson Island, 88–9 attitudes towards during Second fertility rates, 56, 148, 165, 167, 218 World War, 176, 177–8 Fiji, 63, 199 Cleland’s opinion of, 36 films and photographs, 49, 52 McEwen’s ‘New Deal for Aboriginals’, forced removal from Aurukun, 40–1 125, 203 see also preservation of traditional taken by Adelaide Board for culture Anthropological Research, 56 functionalism, 3, 83–4, 118 taken by Berndt, 153, 156 see also Malinowski, Bronislaw taken by Thomson, 123 funding, 10–12, 69–72, 74–6, 147–8, taken during Porteus’ investigations in 195–6 Western Australia, 21, 97–102 Australian Pacific Territories Research finance, see funding Council, 196 Fink, Ruth, 218, 221 Mountford’s expedition to Arnhem Firth, Raymond, 14, 71–4, 75 Land, 192, 193 Elkin and, 73–4, 144, 158, 207, 221 after Second World War, 202, 217–18 field work, 63, 67–8, 82 University of Adelaide and Adelaide Fortune and, 82, 92 Board, 49–50, 54, 56, 59, 60–1 Hart and, 132–3 University of Western Australia, 221 Piddington and, 105, 113 see also Australian National Research Pink and, 137 Council (ANRC), projects funded Radcliffe-Brown and, 63, 70, 72, through; fellowships 73–4, 82 Research School of Pacific Studies, Gahuku Gama, 188 198–9 Gait, Sir EA, 9 Stanner and, 72, 134–5, 143, 144 Gale, Fay, 218–19 views on anthropological research, 5, Geddes, William, 14 21, 22, 58 geneaology, see kinship Firth, Stewart, 34–5 Gibson, AJ, 75, 108, 147, 158 Fitzpatrick, Aileen, 220 Giese, Harry, 225 food, see diet and rations Gillen, FJ, 38, 129 forced removal, 41, 176 Gilruth, JA, 37 Aurukun, 120, 124–5, 203 Gluckman, Max, vi

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Gogodara, 44 Gunther, John, 201 Goodale, Jane, 133, 219 Gunwingu, 129–30 Gordon Downs station, 23 Gough, Kathleen, 1–2 Haddon, AC, 7, 11, 42, 82, 83 Goulburn Island station, 129–30 Chinnery and, 43, 47–8 government anthropologists, 5–6, 9, 33, Hale, Herbert, 60–1 42–8, 82 ‘half-castes’, see mixed-descent, people of Northern Territory, 38, 116 Hall, Richard, 190 Papua New Guinea, 200 Halligan, JR, 188, 195–6, 198 see also Williams, FE Hamilton, Annette, 15, 19, 227 government officials, training of, 2, 7, 72 Harding, Florence, 220 Elkin’s report to South Pacific Harney, WE (Bill), 167, 169, 170, 181, Commission, 201 193, 219 Northern Territory, 38–9, 72, allegations about conditions at 115, 198 Birrundudu, 23 see also Australian School of Pacific Hart, CWM, 75, 131–4, 219 Administration; New Guinea Harvard, 121, 125, 126, 131 officials, training of; Papuan officials, Harvard project, 154 training of Hasluck, Paul, 201, 202 government policy, 25–6, 31–6 Hawai’i, 50, 68, 97, 104, 224 Elkin’s view on anthropology and, 18, Bernice P Bishop Museum, 62, 63, 64 19–20 health (‘vitality’), 56, 148, 162–70, Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 213–14, 218 New South Wales, 164, 217 Papua New Guinea, 196 Northern Territory, 31–3, 37–8, see also diet and rations 39–41, 169–70; Royal Healy, John, 99 Anthropological Institute’s criticisms, Heathen Mission Committee, 119–21 145; Thomson and, 116–18, 203–7 Hercus (ANRC honorary secretary), 202 Papua New Guinea, 181–2, 184–6, Hermannsburg Mission, 212–13 187–8; labour, 47, 185, 187 Herring, Major-General Edmund, 179 segregation, 37, 39, 111, 178 Hiatt, LR, 20–1, 220 social service payments, 40, 167–8, Hicks, C, 51 169, 170 The High Valley, 188 South Australia, 57, 155 Hocart, AM, 11, 75 Western Australia, 96, 111–12 Hogbin, H Ian, 75, 76, 223, 225 see also assimilation Elkin and, 191, 223 Granites, 158 Firth’s opinion of, 73 Great Britain, see United Kingdom New Guinea, 175, 186, 187, 188, 191 Green, Harrie, 150–1, 156–8 opinion of McConnel, 121 Gregory, HE, 63 report on state of anthropology in Griffith, Deidre, 83 Melanesia, 197 Grimble, Arthur, 11 Solomon Islands, 51–3, 68; Groote Eylandt, 67, 220 Guadalcanal, 4 Groves, William C, 173, 198, 200–1 Stanner and, 187 Guadalcanal, 4 views on anthropological research, 4, Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 5, 23, 25 Guided Projectiles Project Committee Hole, Vere, 220 (GPP), 210–12 Hong Kong University, 51 Gulargambone, 218 Hooker Creek, 220

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Horne, Donald, 183–4 Julius, George (ANRC president), 124 Houison, Isabel, 192–3, 194 Julius, Charles, 200–1 Howard, M, 223 , 130 Kaberry, Phyllis, 65, 108–12, 113, Howells, William White, 53–4 143, 148 human biology, see physical anthropology Barnes and, 223, 224 Kamano, 92 immigrants, assimilation of, 199, 220–1 Karloan, Albert, 158, 162 indentured labour, 47, 84, 185 Kelly, Caroline, 127, 220 indigenous peoples and anthropologists, Kenya, 8, 145, 180 relationship between, 2–4, 226–7 Kerr, John R, 182–3, 184, 186, 187 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, 151, Australian School of Pacific 152–5, 158 Administration (ASOPA), 190, 198 Elkin, AP, 96 Kiernan, VG, 35 Fortune, Reo, 84–90 Kimberley, see Western Australia Kaberry, Phyllis, 110–12 King, Ralph, 97, 98, 100 Lloyd Warner, W, 129–30 kinship, 55, 60, 67, 217, 219 McConnel, Ursula, 120 Berndt’s investigations, 151; lectures physiological testing, 51–5 and seminars given on, 21 Pink, Olive, 137 in Chinnery’s proposed course for Stanner, WEH, 138–40, 142 field officers, 47 Thomson, Donald, 122 Kaberry’s observations, 110 ‘indirect rule’, 3, 71 Murngin people, 131 Indonesia, 53, 63, 199 Piddingtons’ observations, 103 infant mortality, 56, 148, 167, 218 in University of Sydney syllabus, 72 Inglis, Judy, 218 Kirke, GK, 125 Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 18, 225–7 Kitson, WH, 96 Institute of Pacific Relations, 187, 188 Koonibba-Port Augusta district, 159, intelligence, 36, 97, 104, 177 160, 161 brains, 51 Kuper, Adam, 2 Istanbul, 134 Italy, 221 La Grange Bay, 95, 102–8 Ivanhoe Station, 109 La Perouse, 218 Iwaidja, 131–2 labour, 7 for army during Second World War, Jacobs, Pat, 96 177–80, 187, 213–14; conditions, James, Wendy, 2 165–6, 168 Japaljarri, Jack, 163 Elkin’s Guided Projectiles Project Japan, 8, 62, 64 condition, 211 see also Second World War and New Guinea, 47, 185, 186, 187 impacts Papua, 84 Jaralde (Yaraldi), 158, 162 Queensland, 120, 127 Jay Creek, 39 Western Australia, 103–4, 107 Johnston, T Harvey, 149 see also cattle industry Joliffe, Eric, 193 Langton, Marcia, 17 Jones, Philip, 50, 55 languages, see linguistics Jones (Papua New Guinea director of Latham, John, 116 District Services), 201 Laves, Gerhardt, 68, 102–3, 106

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Daly River, 134, 135 Lugard, Sir F, 9 observations on Radcliffe-Brown’s Lyle, Thomas, 9 training methods, 14 Lyons, AP, 88 Lawson, G, 218 Leach, Edmund, 21 McCall, Grant, 14–15 League of Nations, 45, 47, 48, 71 MacCallum, Sir Mungo, 75 see also New Guinea McCann, Constable, 134 Leclerc, Gerard, 3 McCarthy, Fred, 173 Lee, Dr HK, 51 McConnel, Ursula, 67, 110, 118–22, Leeson, Ida, 183 123, 125–6, 127 Lesu, 67 Cleland and, 56, 118–19 Leverrir, Frank, 75 McCurdy, John T, 81 linguistics and languages McDonald, John, 221 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, 150, McEwen, John, 40–1, 48, 145 151, 152–4, 192 MacFarland, Sir John, 116 Capell, Arthur, 112, 148, 191, MacKenzie, William R, 119–21, 124 219–20 McKnight, David, 16–17 Hart’s skills, 132 Macumba, 161 Laves, Gerald, 68, 134 Madngella, 134, 135 New Guinea, 69, 201 magic and sorcery, 129, 151 Linton, Ralph, 125 Papua, 44, 85–90 Lloyd, Major General CEM, 182 Mair, Lucy, 186, 189, 224 Lloyd Warner, W, 38, 51, 67, 129–31 Malinowski, Bronislaw, 7, 83 Howells’ description and conclusions considered for Chair, 11 about anthropometric data collected at Rockefeller headquarters, 74, 75 by, 53–4 Malinowski, Bronislaw, anthropologists observations about Radcliffe-Brown, trained, assisted or influenced by, 14, 24 67, 112, 132 opinion of McConnel, 121 Firth, Raymond, 14, 73 opinion of Sharp, 125 Fortune, Reo, 84 Lombadina, 97 Fortune, RF, 91–2 Lommel, Andreas, 219 Hogbin, H Ian, 4, 73 London School of Economics (LSE), 13, Lloyd Warner, W, 129 143, 188, 195, 224 McConnel, Ursula, 118 Firth at, 73; as student, 14, 68 Piddington, Ralph, 105 see also Malinowski, Bronislaw Stanner, WEH, 143, 144 London Sphere, 207 Mammus, Billy, 120 London University, 94, 118, 148 Mann Ranges, 149 Long Weapons Research Establishment, Manus Islands, 91 216 Maori, 8, 63 Longgu, 4 Maprik, 148 Love, JRB, 161 Maquet, Jacques, 2 Lower Murray and Murray River, 58, Marcus, Julie, 21, 136–7 158–9, 161, 219 Maree, 159 Lower Victoria River, 72, 139–40 Marett, RR, 43, 83 Lowie, Robert, 129 Mariga, 142 Loyalty Islands, 63 Maritjavan, 142 Lugard, Lord, 12, 71 Mariwuda, 142–3

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Markham Valley, 188 missionaries and mission settlements, Marret, AA, 75 22, 24, 77–8, 163 marriage, see kinship; sexuality and sexual anthropological training, 3, 38, 39, relations 72, 198, 201; ANRC support for, 7 Martin (Craig), Jean, 220–1 anthropologists working with, 228–30 Masson, David Orme, 6, 11, 12, 74, 75 New Guinea, 47, 229–30 Masters of Arts (MAs), 72, 81, 217–18, Northern Territory, 129–30, 131, 220 141–2, 193, 194, 228–9; Albrecht, Berndt, Catherine, 169 Pastor Paul, 212, 214 Berndt, Ronald, 195 Papua, 84, 85, 88, 89; attitude to Julius, Charles, 200 mortuary feasts, 43 Kaberry, Phyllis, 108 Queensland, 124–7, 176; Aurukun, Read, Kenneth E (Mick), 188 119–21, 123, 124–5, 203–6 Stanner, WEH, 136–7 South Australia, 150–1, 156–8, 161, material culture, 4, 7, 113, 151 208, 214; see also Duguid, Dr Charles collected by Berndt, 153 Western Australia, 94, 95, 99, 111; maternity allowance, 167 Bennett, Mary, 104–5, 107, 109; Mead, Margaret, 91, 92 Forrest River, 65, 108; Mt Margaret, measurements, see physical anthropology 108, 109–10 Meggitt, Mervyn, 18, 220, 222, 225 see also Australian Board of Missions; Melanesia, see New Guinea and Melanesia National Missionary Council Melbourne, 117, 176 Mitchell, Ernest C, 36, 103–4, 106, 107 Duguid’s address at Town Hall, Mitchell, Sir Phillip, 187 212–13 Mitchell River, 122, 125–6 Victoria Barracks, 179, 182 mixed-descent, people of, 41, 165, Melbourne Herald, 115, 207 196, 225 Thomson’s articles and letters, 123, New South Wales, 51, 67, 217–18; 210, 216; ‘Justice for Aborigines’ Menindee, 159–60, 161 series, 125, 203–7 Northern Territory, 37–8, 135; Melbourne University, 6, 38, 67, 116, evacuation during Second World War, 123, 206 160, 176 Melville and Bathurst (Tiwi) Islands, Queensland, 51 131–2, 133, 219 during Second World War, 160, 176, Melville Bay, 194 177–8 Menindee, 159–60, 161 South Australia, 154, 155, 158–9, mentality, see psychology 160–2, 218–19 Menzies, Robert, 225 Western Australia, 219 Methodist missions and missionaries, 193 Monash University, 226 Millingimbi, 129–30, 193, 194, 219 Moola Bulla, 65, 103, 110 Salamo, 88, 89 Morley, Rev. William, 140 methodology, 23 Morris, Major-General Basil, 181, 184 author’s, vii–viii mortality rates, 56, 148, 165, 167, 218 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, Morton, John, 15 152–4, 159, 193–4 mortuary practices, 43, 85, 92 Michigan, 131 Mt Margaret, 108, 109–10 Micronesia, 8, 53, 62, 64 Mountford, Charles Percy, 191, migrants, assimilation of, 199, 220–1 192–4, 195 Millingimbi, 129–30, 193, 194, 219 Moy, Frank, 170, 206, 210 mining development, Tennant Creek, Mulluk Mulluk, 134, 135 137–9 Mulvaney, DJ, vii, 12, 37, 74

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Murchison District, 218 neck chains, 203, 204 Murngin controversy, 130 Needham, Canon JS, 107 Murray, JHP (Hubert), 5, 9, 33, 42–4, Nelson, Hank, 31–2, 33 83–92, 185 Neville, AO, 65, 78–9, 94–113, 130 quality in field officers valued by, 35 New Approach to Australian Linguistics, Murray, JK, 186, 187, 190, 201 220 Elkin and, 189, 191, 199–200 New Britain, 53, 122 Murray Bridge, 161 New Caledonia, 53, 63 Murray River, 58, 158–9, 161, 219 ‘New Deal for Aboriginals’ policy Museum of South Australia, 58, 60, 218 statement (McEwen), 40–1, 145 Berndts and, 149, 151, 154, 155 New Guinea and Melanesia, 1, 3, Tindale, Norman, 51, 55, 58, 154 31–5, 74 museums, 6, 79, 173 Director of District Services and American Museum of Natural Native Affairs, 47 History, 11, 52, 100 government anthropologist, 6, 9, 33, Bernice B Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 42, 45–8, 82 62, 63, 64 Second World War, 173–5, 181–2, Rockefeller Foundation visits to, 11 184–8 Musgrave Ranges, 149 see also Papua; Solomon Islands Ernabella Mission, 157, 161, New Guinea and Melanesian research, 208, 214 12, 18, 82, 196–202, 229–30 mythology and religion, see beliefs, ANU, 15, 198–9 mythology and customs Chinnery, EWP, 48 Myths of the Mungkan, 122 Directorate of Research and Civil Affairs, 186–9 Nackeroos (NAOU), 179–81 by Firth, Raymond, 68 Nadel, SF, 13, 15, 198, 199, 200, 224 under Firth, 72–3 death, 225 Fortune, Reo and Mead, Margaret, Nangot, 142 91, 92 National Missionary Council (NMC), Kaberry, Phyllis, 148 140, 185, 204 Lloyd Warner’s desire, 129 Guided Projectiles Project, 208, Pan Pacific Science Congress 213–14, 215 agreement, 7, 8; Radcliffe-Brown’s national security, see defence and national interpretation, 63–4 security Powdermaker, Hortense, 67, 122 National Union of University Students, Radcliffe-Brown’s recommendations, 183 69 Native Administration Ordinance 1940 Read, Kenneth E (Mick), 188 (NT), 41 in University of Sydney syllabus, 72 native counsellors, 187 see also Australian School of Pacific native courts, 39, 187 Administration; Papuan research ‘Native Food Rations’, 141 New Guinea Highlands, 15, 92, 188, 199 ‘Native problem’ trope, 34–6 New Guinea officials, training of, 8–9, Native Regulations, 79, 85, 86, 88, 92 13, 69, 71, 72 The Native Tribes of Central Australia, 38 Cecil Cook’s attendance at course The Native Tribes of the Northern Territory, for, 39 129 Chinnery’s proposed course for, 46–7 Native War Damage Compensation Elkin’s support for, 74, 76 Committee, 188 see also Australian School of Pacific Nauru, 1, 7, 173 Administration

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New Hebrides, 63, 72 Northern Territory Chief Protector of New Ireland, 53, 67 Aborigines, 32–3, 37–8 New Perspectives on Aborigines, 220 see also Cook, Cecil New South Wales, 94, 164, 219, 220 Northern Territory Native Administration funding to support chair, 11, 70, 71, Ordinance (1940), 41 74–5, 76 Northern Territory Native Affairs Branch, mixed-descent, people of, 67, 23, 41–2, 166–7, 169–70, 206, 208 217–18; Berndts’ research, 159–60, see also Chinnery, EWP 161; physiological projects, 51 Northern Territory research, 36–8, New South Wales Aborigines’ Protection 128–46, 219–20, 226, 228–9 Board, 127 Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, 22–3, New South Wales Aborigines’ Welfare 128, 158, 166–70, 191–5 Board (AWB), 127, 198, 217–18 health and diet, 140–1, 163–70 Berndts’ Menindee investigation for, Lloyd Warner, W, 51, 129–31; 159–60, 161 Howells’ description and conclusions New South Wales Teachers’ Training about anthropometric data collected, College, 198 53–4 New Weapons and Equipment Powdermaker’s proposal, 67 Development Committee, 209–10 Thomson, Donald, 39, New York, 100, 101 116–18; lecture at Victoria Barracks, New Zealand, 8, 11, 63, 189 Melbourne, June 1941, 179 anthropologists from, 14, 67–8, see also Daly River, Stanner in 81, 149 Northern Tribes of Central Australia, 129 Maori, 8, 63 Notes and Queries, 59–60 Ngarawapum, 188 Nowra, 218 Ngarrindjeri (Jaralde/Yaraldi), 158, 162 Nicholls, Doug, 35 Oceania, 58, 70, 71, 148, 174 Nien, 151 Elkin’s reply to Rockefeller Nixon, Pamela, 217 Foundation for end-of-funding period North Australia Observer Unit (NAOU), review, 147 179–81 Piddingtons’ article on La Grange Bay Northern Territory, 31–4, 36–42, 72, 198 field work, 102–3 Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Pink’s ‘Spirit Ancestors in a Northern McEwen’s 1938 tour, 48 Aranda Horde Country’, 137 mining development, Tennant Creek, Shapiro’s ‘Are the Ontong Javanese 137–9 Polynesian?’, 53 Second World War, 178–81, 212–14; Oceania and the Pacific, 67–8, 173–5, evacuations, 160, 176 185–91, 198–9 Thomson’s articles criticising Pan Pacific Science Congress, 6–8; Aboriginal affairs, 125, 203–7 Radcliffe-Brown’s interpretation of Vesteys’ stations, 23, 166–70, 192 agreement reached, 62–4 see also Arnhem Land Shapiro’s work, 52, 53 Northern Territory Aboriginals in University of Sydney syllabus, 72 Department, 37 see also Aborigines; New Guinea and Northern Territory Aboriginals Melanesia; Papua Ordinance of 1911, 37 Oenpelli, 129, 131, 193, 195, 219 Northern Territory Aborigines Act of O’Gorman, Anne, 118 1910, 37 Ongtong Java, 51–3 Northern Territory Administrator, 23, 48, Onmalerneri, 65 115, 167, 178 Ooldea, 149–58, 159

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Osborn, Professor TGB, 75, 133 Petri, Helmut, 219 Otago University, 149 PhD studies, see doctoral studies Oxford, 20, 43, 143 photographs, see films and photographs Oxford Social Studies Research Photoplay, 101 Committee, 145 physical anthropology, 12, 49–61, 68–9, 97, 113–14 Pacific, see Oceania and the Pacific data collected by Lloyd Warner, 51, Pacific War, see Second World War and 53–4, 129 impacts see also University of Adelaide Board Palm Island, forced removal of Aboriginal for Anthropological Research people from Aurukun to, 124–5 Piddington, Marjorie, 36, 102–5, 105 Pan Pacific Science Congress, 6–8, 10 Piddington, Ralph, 36, 68, 102–8, Radcliffe-Brown’s interpretation of 113, 190 agreement reached, 62–4 Papua New Guinea, 186, 189 panel for Psychological Propaganda, 220 Pilling, Arnold, 131, 133, 219 Papua, 5, 31–4, 74, 81–92 Pink, Olive, 38, 59, 136–7 Chinnery and, 41–2, 43, 46 paper to 1935 ANZAAS conference, government anthropologist, 9, 33, 22 42–5, 46; see also Williams, FE Pix, 193 Second World War, 173–5, 181–2, Pizor, William M, 101 184–5, 188 Point McLeay, 160 Papua New Guinea, 181–91, 195–202, Point Pearce, 142, 160, 161 220, 225 Polynesia, 8, 62–4, 68, 73, 82 Papua New Guinea Department of Shapiro’s work, 52, 53 District Services, 200, 201 Popham Bay, 131 Papua New Guinea Department of Port Augusta, 159, 160, 161 Education, 200–1 Port George IV District, 94, 95 Papuan officials, training of, 69, 71, 72 Port Keats, 24, 141–3, 220 Ainsworth’s views, 9 Port Victoria, 161 Cecil Cook’s attendance at course Porteus, Stanley D, 21, 68, 97–102, for, 39 104, 105 Murray’s views, 9, 83, 84, 91 Powdermaker, Hortense, 67, 122 see also Australian School of Pacific ‘A Preliminary Report of Field work in Administration the Ooldea Region, western South Papuan research, 12, 42–5, 64, 69, 230 Australia’, 158 Directorate of Research and Civil ‘Preliminary Report on the Aboriginals of Affairs, 186, 189 the Northern Territory’, 37–8 Fortune, Reo, 67, 81–91 Preliminary Scientific Expedition to the Pan Pacific Science Congress Northern Territory, 37 agreement, 8 Presbyterian Church, 124, 207, 210 physical anthropology, 51 Board of Missions, 205–6 pastoral industry, see cattle industry Heathen Mission Committee, 119–21 Patience, JD, 184 preservation of traditional culture, pay, see wages 64–70, 128–70, 225 Pearce, George, 9 Berndt’s views, 4–5 Penhall (APB secretary), 157, 161 Cleland’s ‘special reserve’ concept, 57 Perkins, JA, 115–17 factor in establishment of Adelaide Perry, WJ, 75, 94, 118 Board for Anthropological Research, Peterson, Nicolas, 11 50–1

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Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Piddington and, 104 Pan Pacific Science Congress Porteus and, 97, 102 agreement, 7–8 Stanner and, 134, 141, 143 Spencer’s report on Northern students, 4, 14, 24, 36, 39, 131, 134 Territory, 37 Thomson and, 39, 119, 122, 123 see also culture contact and culture views on anthropological research, 5, clash; physical anthropology 23–4, 65–70; physical anthropology, psychology, 12, 36, 113–14, 220 51, 58–60, 68–9 Fortune, Reo, 67, 81–2 views on department’s role, 12–13 Piddington, Ralph, 36, 68, 104; Radcliffe-Brown, AR, and AP Elkin, Rockefeller fellowship, 105 70, 74 Porteus, Stanley D, 68, 97 field work, 51, 94, 95; advice on University of Western Australia, additional training, 65 218, 221–4 support for application for chair, public policy, see government policy 73–4, 75 publication of results, 121–2 railway, 155, 156, 157 see also Oceania rations, see diet and rations Ravenscroft, Mona, 220 Queensland, 110, 118–27, 203–6 ‘Reaction and interaction: food gathering funding to support chair, 11, 70, 71 people and European settlement in migrant research, 220 Australia’, 18 physiological projects, 51 Read, Kenneth E (Mick), 175, 186, Second World War, 175, 176 188–9, 191, 222, 225 Queensland Chief Protector of Read, Peter, 163 Aborigines, 117, 120, 121, 122, 127 Reay, Marie, 198, 217–18, 220, 226 Queensland University, 118 Relief and Rehabilitation in Australia’s Quorn, 159 Territories, 187–8 religion, see beliefs, mythology and RAAF, 179, 192, 194 customs Rabaul, 47, 91, 181 Rennel Island, 68 race relations, see culture contact and Research School of Pacific Studies, culture clash see Australian National University racial origins, 53–4 research subjects and informants, racial psychology, see psychology 51–6, 66 Radcliffe-Brown, AR, 11, 62–71, 75, 77, Berndt, Ronald and Catherine, 150, 128, 224 151–4, 159, 193, 194 Advisory Committee on Anthropology Elkin, AP, 65, 96, 102, 110 and, 12, 64 Fortune, Reo, 84–90 Cape Town appointment, 43, 70 Hart, CWM, 131–2 (Cecil) Cook and, 38, 39 Hogbin, W Ian, 51–3 concerns about careers in Australia for Kaberry, Phyllis, 65, 110–11 anthropologists, 133 Laves, Gerhardt, 102 Fortune and, 82, 84, 89–90, 91, 92 Lloyd Warner, W, 53–4, 129–30 Hart and, 131, 132 McConnel, Ursula, 119–20 Lloyd Warner and, 24, 129, 130; Piddington, Ralph and Marjorie, 102 Northern Territory government Stanner, WEH, 134–5, 142–3 anthropologist proposal, 38 Thomson, Donald, 122 McConnel and, 118, 119–21, 123 research workers, training of, 63, 227 (JHP) Murray and, 84, 89–91, 92 appointment of anthropologists

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afterwards, 132–3 Ross Waterhole, 54 Gluckman’s declaration of best Rowley, CD, 191 method, vi Royal Anthropological Institute, by Radcliffe-Brown, 14, 65–6 145, 210 see also Australian National Research Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), 179, Council (ANRC) fellowships; 192, 194 diplomas of anthropology; doctoral Royal Australian Navy, 192 studies; Masters of Arts; Rockefeller rural and urban research, 17, 158–62, Foundation fellowships 217–19 reserves and government stations, 130 see also mixed-descent, people of Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Ryan, D’Arcy, 20 New South Wales, 159–60, 161 Ryan, John, 182 Northern Territory, 137–9 Ryan, Peter, 175 South Australia, 160–1; Cleland’s concept, 57 Saibai Island, 220 Western Australia, 65, 110, 112; Avon Salamo Methodist Mission, 88, 89 Valley, 94, 95; La Grange, 95, 102–8 Samari (Tewara Island), 67, 81–92 Richards, Audrey, 44, 143 Samoa, 52, 63, 91, 199 rituals and ceremonies, 5, 46, 79 sandalwood cutters, 103, 104 mortuary practices, 85, 92; missionary Sapir, Edward, 68, 132 hostility to, 43 Sawtell, Michael, 207 see also magic and sorcery Schenk, Rod, 109–10 rituals and ceremonies, Aboriginal, 142 Schmidt, Father, 125 Adelaide Board for Anthropological School of Civil Affairs, see Australian Research recordings, 54, 56 School of Pacific Administration Berndts’ research, 153, 192; payment Scott, Lt. Colonel WJR, 178 for, 151–2 Seattle, 189 Kaberry’s observations, 112 Second World War and impacts, 45, 47, missionary hostility to, 109–10 165–6, 173–202 Piddington’s observations, 103 evacuations, 160, 176 River Murray, 58, 158–9, 161, 219 suspicions about Berndt, 155–8, Rivers, WHR, 42, 82 160–1 Rockefeller Foundation, 9–10, 11–12, at Yirrkala, 194 51, 58–9, 76, 147–8 see also Australian Army Embree and Wissler’s visits, 11; to segregation, 37, 39, 111, 178 University of Adelaide, 49–50 ‘self-determination’, 226 grant renewed, 71 Seligman, SG, 7, 68, 83 Oceania funding, 70 Sepik, 92 Sydney chair funding, 11–12, 70–1, settler dispossessory nations, 3–4 74–5 sexuality and sexual relations, 78, 98, 105 Rockefeller Foundation fellowships, 12 Cleland’s research, 55–6 McConnel, Ursula, 121 McConnel’s research, 119 Piddington, Ralph, 105, 108 New Guinea, 47 rocket range, 207–16 Powdermaker’s proposed research, 67 The Rocket Range, Aborigines and the War, Spencer’s report on Northern 212, 213–14 Territory, 37–8 Roheim, Gerza, 44 Shapiro, Harry L, 52–3 Roper River, 130 Sharp, Lauriston, 125–6 Rose, FCG, 220 Shellshear, Professor J, 51

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Sikiana, 68 South Australian Anthropological Society, Sitlington, Grace, 217–18 155 skin colour, 51, 53 South Australian Dried Fruits Board, 151 Skinner, RD, 149 South Pacific Commission, 201 sleep patterns, 82 The South Seas in Transition, 187 see also dreams South West Pacific, see Oceania and the Smith, Grafton Elliott, see Elliot Smith, Pacific Grafton Spate, Oscar, 198 Smithsonian Institute, 192 Special Reconnaissance Unit, 179 ‘The Social Anthropology of a Totemic ‘special reserves’, 57, 213 System in Queensland, North Spencer, Baldwin, 6, 32–3, 37–8, 42, 129 Australia’, 126 ‘Spirit Ancestors in a Northern Aranda Social Research Inc., 131 Horde Country’, 137 social service payments, 40, 167–8, 169, Spurling, John, 103–4, 106 170 Stanke, Major-General VPH, 182 sociology, 12 Stanner, WEH, 134–45, 191, 220, 223 Adelaide Board for Anthropological Arnhem Land project proposal, 116 Research and, 58–9 Australian National University, 187, Berndts’ research, 151 198, 225 Conlon’s views on, 183 Berndts’ opinion of research, 154 Elkin’s interest in, 24, 93, 218, 220 diet and rations, 138, 162–4; Fortune’s ANRC application, 82 ‘National Food Rations’ report, 140–1 Hart, CWM, 132, 134 Firth’s assessment of research, 72, 144 Lloyd Warner, W, 131 Papua project proposal, 44–5 Radcliffe-Brown’s emphasis on, 65, 69 Port Keats, 24 reason for establishing New Guinea Second World War, 177, 178, Government Anthropologist 179–81, 184–5, 186–7 position, 45 University of New Zealand offer, 189 see also culture contact and culture views on anthropological research in clash; kinship early work, 24 Solomon Islands, 12, 63, 72, 173, 179 The World editorship, 105 Hogbin, H Ian, 4, 51–3, 68 see also Daly River, Stanner in sorcery, see magic and sorcery Stocking, George, vii South African Boer commando, 180 Stocking, George W Jr, 1 South Australia, 31, 57–8, 68, 79, 97 Strehlow, TGH, 56, 57, 66, 219, Berndts, Ronald and Catherine, 220, 224 149–62, 178 appointment as patrol officer, 39 funding to support chair, 11, 70, 71 Pink and, 136 Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 Strong, Walter M, 42, 43 physiological projects, 49, 50, 58; Sunday Island, 94, 95, 97 ANRC supported, 51 ‘Survey of the Half-Caste Problem in rural and urban research, 158–9, South Australia’, 154 160–2, 218–19 Swan Reach, 160 see also Adelaide; Museum of South Sweeney, Patrol Officer, 167, 169 Australia; University of Adelaide Swettenham, Sir F, 9 South Australia School of Mines and Sydney, 218 Industry, 149 Sydney Morning Herald, 23, 130 South Australian Aborigines’ Protection Sydney Sun, 203, 204, 206 Board (APB), 155–62 Sydney University, see University of see also Cleland, JB Sydney

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Berndt, Ronald, 195, 222–3 violence and ill-treatment by indigenous Capell, Arthur, 191, 219 peoples, 35, 88 Craig, Jean, 220 Violet Valley, 65, 112 Elkin, AP, 73–4, 75 ‘vitality’, see health Firth, Raymond, 71 von Luschan chart, 51, 53 Geddes, William, 14 Hogbin, W Ian, 76 wages, 107, 167, 168, 169–70 Kaberry, Ursula, 148 Queensland government exploitation, Meggitt, Mervyn, 225 127 Piddington, Ralph, 104 Second World War, 180, 214 Radcliffe-Brown, AR, 11 Waiko, John, 79 University of Sydney chair, 70–2, Wait, Esther, 218 74–6, 132 Walbiri (Warlpiri), 18, 136, 220 appointments, 11, 71, 75, 222–5 Walcott Inlet, 95 establishment, 6–13, 38, 49–50, 83 Walker, Ken, 218, 221, 222 see also Elkin, AP; Firth, Raymond; Walker, R & Walker, H, 179–81 Radcliffe-Brown, AR Wallace, Robert, 75 University of Sydney students, 72, 183 Wanted—A Charter for the Native Peoples Stanner, WEH, 105, 134, 136–7 of the South-West Pacific, 185 trained by Elkin, 20–1, 149, 188, War Cabinet, 196 200, 220 War Damage Compensation scheme, trained by Radcliffe-Brown, 4, 14, 24, 187–8 36, 39, 131, 134 Warburton Ranges, 56, 149 see also diplomas of anthropology; Ward, EJ (Eddie), 47, 185, 187, 188, doctoral studies; government officials, 196, 197 training of; Masters of Arts Warlmala, 163 University of Toronto, 133–4 Warlpiri (Walbiri), 18, 136, 220 University of Washington, Seattle, 189 Warnecke, George, 105 University of Western Australia, 13, 218, Warner, Mildred, 21 221–4 Warner, W Lloyd, see Lloyd Warner, W University of Wisconsin, 125, 134 Warramunga, 137–9 urban and rural research, 17, 158–62, Wave Hill, 139, 163 217–19 Webb, Catherine, see Berndt, Catherine see also mixed-descent, people of Wedgwood, Camilla, 73, 185, 186, 189, 198 Vasey, Major-General George, 179 description of Firth, 70 Vestey Bros, 23, 166–70, 192 Papuan site request, 44 Victoria, 219, 220 welfare payments, 40, 167–8, 169, 170 funding to support chair, 11, 70, 71 Wentworth, William C, 225 see also Melbourne , 130 Victoria Barracks, 179, 182 West Australian, 93, 101, 104, 112 Victoria River Downs, 72, 139–40 Western Australia, 65, 93–114, 218, 219 Victorian Aborigines’ Welfare Board, 216 AAAS resolution, 6 Vienna, 125 Adelaide Board for Anthropological violence and ill-treatment, 21–7, 78 Research expeditions, 56 Aurukun, 120, 124–5, 203–6 Elkin’s field work in, 16, 24, 93–6, Northern Territory stations, 140 103, 109; informants, 65, 96, Western Australia, 65, 103–7 102, 110 see also forced removal funding to support chair, 11, 70, 71

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Guided Projectiles Project, 207–16 informants, 108, 109, 111 McEwen’s 1938 tour, 48 Papua New Guinea, 200 Piddingtons in, 36, 68, 102–8, 113 Piddington’s research, 102 Porteus’ investigations, 21, 68, Pink’s refusal to study, 137 97–102 role in colonial policy, 33 relationship between Kimberley and social service payments to, 167–8 Northern Territory groups, 72, 143 women, white, 109 Second World War, 165–6, 176 film made on Porteus’ Kimberley field University, 13, 218, 221–4 trip, 100–1 Vesteys’ stations, 166–70 in ‘Native problem’ trope, 35 Western Australian Commissioner for proposals for appointment as Native Affairs, 157, 165–6, 167, 176 protectors, 38 Western Australian Protector of women anthropologists, 73, 201 Aborigines, 65, 78–9, 94–113, 130 Bleakley’s observation about, 127 Western Desert, 149–58, 159, 178 first MA graduate, 108 Whisky, 110 Women’s Changing Ceremonies in Northern Wichita, 134 Australia, 169 Wilgena, 49, 50 Wood Jones, Frederick, 49, 50, 97, 107, Williams, FE, 5, 43–5, 75, 91 124 Fortune and, 85, 87, 88, 89, 92 , 115 Second World War, 173, 178 Woodland, Jack, 103, 104 Williams, Nancy, 111 Woolnough, WG, 37 Wilson, John and Katrin, 219 Woomera Guided Projectiles Project, Wilson, JT, 11 207–16 Wingate, Sir F, 9 Worgai, 132, 133 Wirz, Peter, 44 The World, 105–6 Wisconsin, 125, 134 The World of the First Australians, 128 Wisdom, EA, 45–6 A World That Was, 162 Wise, T, 201, 222–3 World War II, see Second World War Wissler, Clark, 11, 49–50, 54, 55–6, 57, Worsley, Peter, 220 118–19 Wurm, Stephan, 201 Withington, Paul, 97, 98–100, 101, 102 Wyndham, 95, 99 women, 67, 105, 135 Aurukun Mission Station removal Yale Trust Fund, 55, 56 practices, 120 Yaraldi (Jaralde), 158, 162 Berndts’ research, 150, 151, 153, 169, Yirrkala, 192, 194, 219 193 Yorke Peninsula, 161 fertility rates, 56, 148, 165, 167, 218 You and the Native, 173 Kaberry’s research subjects and Yuari, 102

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