Mike Orlando Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Introduction
▪ Florida Black Bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) ▪ The only species of bear in Florida.
Photo by Charles Towne Black Bear Biology Males vs Females 250 – 450 lbs (760) 125 – 250 lbs (400) 60 miles2 15 miles2 More risk-taking More secretive/careful
Male Female 350 lbs 150 lbs Weight
▪ Florida’s largest documented bear is 760 Lbs. Sex Identification
▪ big blocky head ▪ with cubs ▪ large size and mass ▪ slim fox like head and muzzle Size Identification
Pat Delaney Dessert Ranch Smaller/slimmer head, ears appear large = smaller bear Newsweek Black Bear Senses
▪ Black bears have ok eyesight, not as good as humans. Recent research indicates bears have color vision. ▪ Bears have acute hearing and an excellent sense of smell. ▪ Bears have a strong “homing” instinct.
Additional information can be found at www.MyFWC.com
National Geographic Smell Requirements
Habitat generalists
Can live in close proximity to people Do bears den in Florida?
▪ 1-5 cubs
▪ Born Feb
▪ Emerge April
▪ Stay with female 1.5 years Young Bears
▪ April to August – males disperse, find own range
▪ Bottom of bear order…top of human order?
▪ Stay on the move for a few years Population Estimates
Black Bear Distribution
▪ There are approximately 4,050 bears in the state, the majority of which are on public lands.
Orlando Sentinel Bear Range and Population Estimates North 500
West Panhandle Central 120 East 1,200 Panhandle 1,060 Big Bend 30
45% of historic range occupied South (Abundant or Common) Central 100 Total Population = 4,050 bears
South 1,040 Behavior
▪ Normally Crepuscular
▪ Nocturnal in neighborhoods
▪ Active 18 hours/day in Fall
▪ 5,000 to 20,000 calories/day Diet
Plants, 80%
Meat, Insects, 5% 15% Avoidance
▪ 90% of time
▪ Runs
▪ Hides
▪ Climbs Curiosity
▪ Ears/nose high
▪ Stands upright
▪ NOT Aggressive Curiosity Defensive/Warning Behavior
▪ Like a Rattlesnake
▪ Personal space
▪ We can de-escalate Hot aggression - Defensive Cold aggression - Predatory Defensive vs. Predatory
If anyone reports ▪ Head & ears up ▪ Head & ears down a bear exhibiting ▪ Vocalizationany of these ▪ No vocalization ▪ Large/quickbehaviors, actionscontact ▪ Precise/slow actions FWC ASAP! ▪ Avoid eye contact ▪ Direct eye contact ▪ Yawns or salivates ▪ Stalk or follow
> 90% result in minor injury > 90% result in death Habituated Not Habituated If a Bear Approaches You…
▪ Defensive = Stand ground = No eye contact = Slow movement = Quiet
▪ Predatory = Be aggressive = Yell = Swing arms
If a Bear makes Contact…
▪ Do NOT run or play dead
▪ Fight back AGGRESSIVELY Bear Spray Bear Incident Response Plan
▪ Forms a local Bear Incident Response Team
Regional Commander, Director, Biologist, PIC, & Bear Management Program
▪ Defines roles of FWC staff (DLE, HSC, OED)
▪ Continually adapting Bears have injured 15 people in Florida since 1970s ▪ 67% occurred in FWC’s Northeast Region
▪ 60% incidents resulted in minor to moderate injury
▪ 60% since 2012
▪ 60% female w/ young
▪ 53% involved a dog
▪ 53% intentional interaction Florida’s Conflict Wildlife- Bears
Little or no management ? Abundant Sustainable coexistence ? ?
Conflict management Over-exploited Rare More Recovery management Rebounding numerous Human Population
20 million residents + 5 million visitors/day Human Influence
▪ Habituation - accustomed to people
▪ Food Conditioned Terry DeBruyn - associates people with food
▪ Food Conditioned & Habituated - strong positive association, not afraid to approach Statewide Bear Related Calls 2000 - 2017 (n = 64,355)
7,000 6,734 6,688 6,212 6,226 6,073 6,000
5,136 5,000
4,196 4,092 4,000
3,340 2,795
3,000 2,745 Number of Calls of Number 2,154 1,919 2,000 1,364 1,594 1,143 1,104 1,000 840
0
Year Statewide Reasons for Calls 2000 - 2017 (n = 64,355)
Illegal Activity <1% General Interaction Miscellaneous 38% 1%
Public Safety Incident 1%
In Structure In Garbage 1% 31% Sick/Dead Bear 11%
Bear-Animal Encounter Property 4% Damage 13% 68A-4.001. General Prohibitions
(4) (a) Intentionally feeding bears is prohibited except as provided for in this Title.
(b) Placing food or garbage, allowing the placement of food or garbage, or offering food or garbage that attracts bears and is likely to create or creates a nuisance is prohibited after receiving prior written notification from the
Commission. Notice of Non-Compliance
▪ ONLY for unintentional feeding
▪ NOT considered an official LE action
▪ Unsecured trash in conflict area is enough
▪ Reduce number of repeat visits Feeding Penalties
▪ Penalties for all feeding rules (except Fish)
1st Offense = Non-criminal, $100 fine
2nd Offense = 2nd degree misdemeanor Up to $500 fine Up to 60 days in jail ▪ For Bears and Crocodilians ONLY 3rd Offense = 1st degree misdemeanor Up to $1,000 fine Up to 1 year in prison
4th + Offense = 3rd degree felony Up to $5,000 fine Up to 5 years in prison Solutions Anything that attracts dogs, cats, or raccoons will also attract bears Garbage is a strong bear attractant ▪ Bring pet food inside and store it securely. ▪ Store trash in secure building until the morning of pickup. ▪ Screen enclosures are not secure. ▪ Protect gardens, compost, and livestock with electric fencing. ▪ Clean grills and store them in a secure area. ▪ Remove or modify wildlife feeders (i.e. bird feeders) if there is a bear in the area. Garbage (Commercial)
Edelweiss Restaurant, Colorado Springs Residential Garbage
▪ Secure in building until morning pickup ▪ Retrofit cans ▪ Build Caddy ▪ Buy new cans
Bear resistant containers and plans for building one are at: MyFWC.com/bear Securing Attractants Residential Garbage Local Governments getting BearWise
▪ Local ordinances on garbage
▪ Community-wide effect
▪ Do not need to specify the ‘how’ “All garbage containers must be either wildlife resistant or be securely stored until 6:00 A.M. or later on the morning of scheduled pick up”
▪ Seminole, Lake, Santa Rosa, and Orange counties, Fort Walton Beach, HOAs BearWise Funding Efforts ▪ Since 2007, almost $1.6 million to local governments in 16 counties
- 10,420 cans - 169 dumpsters - 5 E-fences - 9,754 hardware kits - 92 sheds
▪ FY 18-19, $500,00 available to counties, cities, HOAs
> 60% for local governments with ordinances (Seminole, Orange, Lake, and Santa Rosa counties) First Responders Training
Train law enforcement, parks, and other staff that are likely to be exposed or respond to bear conflicts
> 2,200 trained from 50 agencies Of the 6,000 Bear Calls FWC receives each year…
▪ 65% are related to bears seeking out food
▪ 58% receive advice over phone
▪ 23% receive a site visit
▪ 2% result in a trapping effort Bear Call System
▪ Business hours = Regional Wildlife Assistance Biologist
▪ After Hours = Duty Officer either 1) Routes to WAB next day OR 2) If immediate response necessary, sends LE or Biologist on list
▪ Weekends/Holidays = Biologist on call When and who should I call about bears? When and who should I call about bears?
Call the FWC:
During regular business hours: 850-265-3676 Outside regular business hours: 888-404-3922 When and who should I call about bears?
Get in a safe location and call the FWC:
During regular business hours: 850-265-3676 Outside regular business hours: 888-404-3922 Securing Garbage Works!
Bear Bear Interactions Interactions Reduction Before After Modified 71% 32% 55% Trashcans Bear-Resistant 97% 5% 95% Trashcans Working Together
• State • Counties • Cities • Waste Management Companies • Residents Education and Outreach Bear Management reaches over 20,000 people annually Community involvement. (focus groups) Political involvement. (county ordinances) Aversive Conditioning and Methods of Deterrents Thank You
Questions ? Comments