Research Article QUALITY of IRRIGATION WATER from CHAKUR TEHSIL of LATUR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA
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International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 49, 2016, pp.-2090-2095. Available online at http://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jouid=BPJ0000217 Research Article QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER FROM CHAKUR TEHSIL OF LATUR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA GHODKE S.K.*, HIREY O.Y. AND GAJARE A.S. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Latur, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received: July 04, 2016; Revised: July 15, 2016; Accepted: July 16, 2016; Published: October 21, 2016 Abstract- Quality of irrigation water from Chakur tahsil of Latur district, Maharashtra, India during year 2008-2009. Total 300 ground water samples (180 well and 120 bore well) were collected randomly from 30 villages of periodically in two seasons i.e. monsoon season (July, 2008) and winter season (January, 2009). Similarly, representative 300 soil samples were also collected from same villages of Chakur tahsil in monsoon and winter season. The ground water samples were analyzed for quality parameters viz., pH, Electrical conductivity, cations, anions, boron. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Residual Sodium Carbonate were also calculated for these ground water samples. Soil samples were also analyzed for its pH and EC. The result found that all ground water samples from Chakur tahsil were alkaline in reaction and having pH 7.87 and 8.02 in monsoon and winter seasons, respectively. EC of these waters were 0.72 and 0.91 dS m-1 in monsoon and winter seasons, respectively. Among 300 water samples as per boron concentration, 54 and 40 per cent water samples were categorized in class C3 and C2, respectively. The EC values of ground waters were low in monsoon season as compared to winter season. Among all the cations in ground water sodium was dominant followed by magnesium, calcium and potassium. The relative proportions of anions in ground waters were in sequence of sulphate, carbonate, bicarbonate and chlorine. The boron concentration of ground water was ranged from 0.77 to 1.17 ppm which was moderately safe (C2) for irrigation. According to sodicity classes, i.e. SAR and RSC of ground waters were 90 and 82 per cent, respectively, which were safe and suitable for irrigation. Due to irrigation with ground water the pH and EC of soils were changed from 7.93 to 8.05 and 0.73 to 0.84 dSm-1, respectively. The positive and significant correlation was observed in between soil pH, Electrical conductivity and water quality parameters studied. Keywords- Boron, Cation and Anion concentration, Electrical Conductivity, RSC, SAR, Water Citation Ghodke S.K., et al., (2016) Quality of Irrigation Water from Chakur Tehsil of Latur District, Maharashtra. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975- 3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 49, pp.-2090-2095. Copyright: Copyright©2016 Ghodke S.K., et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Academic Editor / Reviewer: Indranil Das, B. M. Kamble Introduction Irrigation in India helps improve food security, reduce dependence on monsoons, serious damage to soils and crops, if necessary precautions are not taken in improve agricultural productivity and create rural job opportunities. Irrigation is a irrigation and soil management [12]. However, only few studies has carried out in key factor that boosts agricultural production. In arid and semi-arid region of India, determining the quality of well and tube well water. It is therefore felt necessary to availability of water for irrigation has been always a constraint in crop production. carry out on quality of irrigation water from Chakur tahsil of Latur district with the In India 54 per cent of irrigation is by well out of the total irrigation potential. In objective of determination of salinity, cations and anions concentration of irrigation Maharashtra irrigation by well is about 63 per cent, canal is about 29 per cent and water, suitability of water for irrigation purpose and categorization of irrigation other is 8 per cent. Maharashtra is the third largest state in the country with total water bases on quality. geographical area of 30.8 M ha and cultivable area of 24.6 M ha of which hardly 16.2 per cent is presently irrigated by canal, lifts or wells [1]. States like Rajasthan, Materials and Methods Karnataka, Gujarat and Maharashtra have limited water resources in comparison The Latur district is located between 180 05' to 180 75' North altitude and 760 25’ with other states. Water is going to be a crucial limiting resource for farm to 770 25’ East latitude. The geographical area of the district is 7166 sq. km with production in the future especially, in the state of Maharashtra. Presently in annual rainfall 787mm. Maximum and minimum temperatures of this tahsil are Chakur tahsil total open wells are 393 and tube wells are 1700. The total irrigated 41.20C and 8.70C, respectively. The elevation is 725-750 m from mean sea level area is 2330 ha. Major crops grown in this region are pigeon pea, gram, which comes under Central Marathwada Plateau Agro-Climatic Zone and semi groundnut, sorghum, bajara, soybean, sunflower and some horticultural crops. arid region. The rainfall during monsoon will occur during the month of June to The poor quality is available mainly in canal region or in command of big irrigation September and maximum precipitation occurs in the month of July and August. projects. The well quality is also affected predominantly by canal, seepage, The total rainfall occurred during present study was 856 mm in 28 rainy days. leaching of rain water and excess use of irrigation water etc. [2]. Assured supply of From Chakur tahsil of Latur district thirty villages were selected randomly to study good quality irrigation water is one of the important factors for increasing water quality and soil parameters. The villages are viz., Ashta, Mohdal, Gharani, agricultural production. The quality of water is an important consideration in an Gajur, Nandgaon, Bhatsavangi, Mahalangra, Ambulga, Tivgyal, Latur road, irrigated area. There are many places where use of doubtful quality water causes Kadmuli, Vadval naganath, Anjansoda (bu), Sugaon, Nageshwari, Murabi, International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 8, Issue 49, 2016 || Bioinfo Publications || 2090 Quality of Irrigation Water from Chakur Tehsil of Latur District, Maharashtra Devangra, Nalegaon, Shivankhed, Hatkarwadi, Gharala, Jagalpur, Hali (Khu), The soil pH ranged from 7.10 to 8.98 with an average value of 7.93 and 7.12 to Alagarwadi, Tirthwadi, Ujalba, Bavalga, Chabarga, Raywadi, Bothi were identified 8.69 with an average value 8.05 in monsoon and winter season, respectively. and selected for collection of water and soil samples. Further data revealed that the pH of winter season samples was higher than The water samples were collected for two times, i.e. in the month of July 2008 monsoon season samples [Fig-1]. This increase in pH of winter season water (Monsoon season) and in the month of January, 2009 (winter season). The total samples might be due to increase in water pH in winter season i.e. increase in thirty villages were selected from Chakur tahsil and five underground water sodium content of water in winter season and accumulation of these sodium in soil samples (three from open well and two from tube well i.e. total 90 open well and [4]. studied that the pH of salt-affected swell-shrink soils of central research farm, 60 tube well samples from each season) were collected from each village. Total MPKV, Rahuri (Ahmednagar district) varied from 7.7 to 8.9. Similar result also was three hundred water samples were collected in two seasons (150 from monsoon observed by [14]. and 150 from winter season) by using standard procedure [16] in clean plastic bottles of one liter capacity and tightly screwed and brought to the laboratory for Electrical conductivity (EC) of water further analysis. Similarly, along with water samples total three hundred The EC of ground water were ranged from 0.10 to 1.69 dSm-1 with an average representative soil samples were also collected in two seasons from the farmer’s value 0.72 and 0.14 to 1.83 dSm-1 with the average value 0.91 dSm-1 in monsoon field. The collected water samples were brought to the laboratory on same day and winter seasons, respectively. The EC of winter season was higher as and proper labeling were carried out for each sample and stored in refrigerator compare to monsoon season [Fig-1]. Out of 300 water samples 161 samples were and analysis was carried out on the next day. The pH and EC of water and soil having high salinity and grouped under C3 class while 122 and 17 water samples sample were determined by using glass electrode pH and EC meter [10]. The soil were having salinity medium (C2) and low (C1), respectively [Table-3]. Further data and water ratio (1:2.5) was used for determining soil pH and EC. The cations like revealed that 53.66 per cent water samples were fairly suitable and can not be calcium and magnesium were determined by versenate (EDTA) titration method used on soils with restricted drainage while 40.66 per cent water samples were given by [16] and sodium and potassium were determined by using flame safe for irrigation but needs moderate leaching. Similar results were also recorded photometer [10]. The soluble anions like carbonates, bicarbonates, were by [11]. determined by titrimetric method given by [16] and chlorides and sulphates were determined by the Mohrs titration method [16].