BULLETIN OF THE INDIAN ASSOCIATION www.tifr.res.in/~ipa1970 April-September 2019 No. 2-3 Vol. 49 ISSN : 0253 - 7583

S. N. BOSE COMMEMORATIVE SPECIAL ISSUE INDIANINDIAN PHYSICSPHYSICS ASSOCIATIONASSOCIATION

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (2018-2020)

President Members Prof. Vijay Singh Dr. A. K. Mohanty Dr. D. Kanjilal IAPT & Centre for Excellence Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Inter University Accelerator in Basic Sciences 700 064 Centre (IUAC) University of [email protected] Aruna Asaf Ali Marg Vidyanagari Campus, Kalina New Delhi 110 067 Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400 098 Vice-President [email protected] [email protected] Dr. S. M. Yusuf Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Dr. N. K. Sahoo Mumbai 400 085 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre [email protected] Mumbai 400 085 [email protected] General Secretary Prof. Vandana Nanal Dr. Bivash R. Behera Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Panjab University Homi Bhabha Road Colaba Chandigarh 160 014 Mumbai 400 005 [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Sudhakar Panda Joint Secretary Institute of Physics Dr. Pawan Kumar Kulriya Sachivalaya Marg Inter University Accelerator Centre Bhubaneswar 751 005 Aruna Asaf Ali Marg [email protected] New Delhi 110 067 [email protected] Prof. Srubabati Goswami Physical Research Laboratory Treasurer Navrangpura Dr. D. V. Udupa Ahmedabad 380 009 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre [email protected] Mumbai 400 085 [email protected]

Room No. 4, PRIP Shed Room No . 103 B, NIUS Building Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education Trombay, Mumbai - 400 085. V. N. Purav Marg, Mankhurd Tel.: +91 22 25505138 / 25595369 Mumbai - 400 088, . Tel.: +91 22 25072531

E-mail : [email protected]  Website : www.tifr.res.in/~ipa1970 PHYSICS NEWS Vol. 49 No. 2-3 April-September 2019 Contents Articles 59 Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a 4 The Discovery of Bose Statistics non-interacting gas Virendra Singh Vasant Natarajan 8 Bose, Einstein and their Physics 63 Bose-Einstein Condensation in Ultracold Partha Ghose Atoms Sudhir Ranjan Jain 17 Bosons, Fermions, Spin, Gravity, and the Spin-Statistics Connection 69 Bosons in Magnetism C. S. Unnikrishnan Indrani Bose and 27 S. N. Bose – the discoverer of Bosons, 81 Bose-Einstein condensate in cosmology across the universe Saurya Das and R. K. Bhaduri Bikash Chandra Sinha 89 Black-holes and atoms of space-time 31 Bose’s derivation, the crucial link S. Shankaranarayanan to Urjit A. Yajnik Features 2 Editorial 35 W-boson, Goldstone boson, Higgs boson 3 From the President’s desk and all that Amitava Raychaudhuri 42 Pion Interactions and the Standard Model at High Precision B. Ananthanarayan and Shayan Ghosh 52 Generic Contractive States and Quantum Monitoring of Free Masses and Oscillators. Priyanshi Bhasin, Ujan Chakraborty, and S. M. Roy

The opinions expressed in the articles in this issue are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Physics News or the IPA.

PHYSICS NEWS is funded by a grant from the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, Mumbai. Cover layout by editorial team : Front and back cover credits: Images from the archives of the S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, (http://newweb.bose.res.in/Prof.S.N.Bose-Archive/) used with permission.

Layout Design: Leena Sa want