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Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture: Second National Report - Australia

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Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture: Second National Report - Australia Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report - Australia Peter Stoutjesdijk Research by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences Technical Report 13.11 December 2013 Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report – Australia © Commonwealth of Australia Ownership of intellectual property rights Unless otherwise noted, copyright (and any other intellectual property rights, if any) in this publication is owned by the Commonwealth of Australia (referred to as the Commonwealth). Creative Commons licence All material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence, save for content supplied by third parties, logos and the Commonwealth Coat of Arms. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence is a standard form licence agreement that allows you to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this publication provided you attribute the work. A summary of the licence terms is available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en. The full licence terms are available from creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/legalcode. This publication (and any material sourced from it) should be attributed as: Stoutjesdijk, P 2013, Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report-Australia, Technical Report 13.11. Canberra, December. CC BY 3.0. Cataloguing data Stoutjesdijk, P 2013, Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report – Australia, ABARES, Technical Report 13.11, Canberra, December. ISSN: 189-3128 ISBN: 978-1-74323-167-8 ABARES project:43026 Internet Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report – Australia is available at: daff.gov.au/abares/publications. Department of Agriculture Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES) Postal address GPO Box 1563 Canberra ACT 2601 Switchboard +61 2 6272 2010| Facsimile +61 2 6272 2001 Email [email protected] Web daff.gov.au/abares Inquiries regarding the licence and any use of this document should be sent to: [email protected]. The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture represented by the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences, has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information and data in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture , ABARES, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information or data in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law. Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges the input of Catherine Ainsworth, Pieter Badenhorst, Stephen Bailie, Ian Bally, Bevan Buirchell, Jeff Daniels, Gary Grigson, Greg Grimes, Eric Hall, Sharon Hamill, Steve Hughes, Michael Kennedy, Anna Monro, Sally Norton, Ben Phillips, Bob Redden, Marcus Ryan, Garth Sanewski, Richard Snowball and Lucy Sutherland. i Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report – Australia Contents Summary and introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 1 Australia and its agricultural sector ............................................................................................ 6 General information ........................................................................................................................... 6 Australian agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 7 Research and development arrangements for the agricultural sector ....................... 12 2 The state of diversity ...................................................................................................................... 14 Diversity of production .................................................................................................................. 14 Diversity available to farmers ..................................................................................................... 15 Plant genetic resources supporting variety development ............................................... 15 3 The state of in situ management ................................................................................................. 17 In situ conservation of native PGRFA ....................................................................................... 17 4 The state of ex situ management ................................................................................................ 20 Plant genetic resources centres .................................................................................................. 20 Other ex situ collections ................................................................................................................. 23 The state of collections................................................................................................................... 24 Assessment of major ex situ needs ............................................................................................ 27 5 The state of use ................................................................................................................................. 29 Nature of utilisation in Australia ................................................................................................ 29 6 The state of national programs, training and legislation .................................................. 32 National programs ........................................................................................................................... 32 Information systems ....................................................................................................................... 32 Training ................................................................................................................................................ 33 National legislation .......................................................................................................................... 33 Seeds ..................................................................................................................................................... 34 7 The state of regional and international collaboration ....................................................... 35 8 Access to PGRFA, sharing of benefits and farmers’ rights ................................................ 37 Access to exotic PGRFA in ex situ collections ........................................................................ 37 Access to native species ................................................................................................................. 37 Sharing of benefits arising from use of PGRFA ..................................................................... 38 Farmers’ rights in Australia ......................................................................................................... 39 9 Contribution of PGRFA management to food security and sustainable development ................................................................................................................................................................. 41 Contribution to agricultural sustainability ............................................................................ 41 Contribution to food security ...................................................................................................... 42 Contribution to economic development and poverty alleviation ................................. 42 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Abbreviations and acronyms .................................................................................................................. 72 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 74 ii Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: second national report – Australia Tables Table 1 Estimated broadacre crop production, 2010–11 ............................................................ 44 Table 2 Estimated Australian fruit and nut production, 2010–11 ........................................... 45 Table 3 Estimated Australian vegetable production, 2008–09 and 2010–11 ..................... 46 Table 4 Common Australian bush foods ............................................................................................. 47 Table 5 Varieties in the 2012 National Variety Trials ................................................................... 49 Table 6 Range of pasture and fodder species recommended for use across a range of Australian production environments ....................................................................................... 49 Table 7 Australian native Cajanus species ......................................................................................... 52 Table 8 Australian native Citrus species ............................................................................................. 52 Table 9 Australian native Dioscorea species .....................................................................................
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