DOCSLIB.ORG

Micrornas and Immunomodulation By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

MICRORNAS AND IMMUNOMODULATION BY VITAMIN D By DANYANG LI A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham January 2019 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, plays well-established roles in calcium regulation and bone formation. 1,25(OH)2D3 is also thought to exert immunoregulatory effects upon cells of the innate (dendritic cell) and adaptive (T cell) immune systems, that may impact health and disease. In recent years, the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1,25(OH)2D3 brings about genetic and epigenetic changes within immune cells, the latter which may include effects of microRNAs (miRNAs); small non-coding RNAs with an important regulatory role. To study the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 on miRNAs in RA, we utilised n=20 (RA) and n=7 (reactive arthritis, ReA) matched patient serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples to derive measurements of vitamin D metabolite concentrations by LC-MS/MS, vitamin D binding protein abundance by ELISA, and circulating miRNA expression by qPCR. To study the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 on miRNAs in healthy immune cells, we also generated in vitro models of dendritic cells (DC) and CD4+ T cells, treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or vehicle at different stages of development. An unbiased array approach was then used to screen 372 miRNAs closely related to inflammation in the DC and T cell models. Bioinformatic analyses were used to identify predicted gene targets of significantly regulated miRNAs in both DC and T cells. Results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 in SF was low or undetectable in 13/20 RA and 4/7 ReA samples. MiR-146a and miR-155 was up-regulated in RA SF compared to serum, but did not significantly correlate with RA disease markers. In DC, miR-155 but not miR-146a was up-regulated by LPS-induced cell maturation in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3. Global down-regulation of miRNAs was observed after either short or long-term treatment of DC with 1,25(OH)2D3. This was due, in part, to suppression of expression for miRNA processing genes. In contrast to DC, global miRNA down-regulation was not observed in T cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Notably, MiR-155 was up-regulated by cell activation but not 1,25(OH)2D3, and miR- 212-3p was up-regulated by activation and 1,25(OH)2D3. Together, these results suggest that any 1,25(OH)2D3 generated within the synovial microenvironment may be restricted to the cells involved in immunoregulation within this tissue. The role of miR-146a and miR-155 in immune cells is still unclear; it is unlikely that these miRNAs are actively mediating gene silencing to cause inflammation within the local environment, but rather they are maintained as a reserve of miRNAs not associated with their target gene. Global down-regulation of miRNAs following 1,25(OH)2D3 in DC, but not T cells, suggests a role for 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated miRNA down-regulation as opposed to decreased miRNA synthesis. Coupled with bioinformatic tools and gene ontology analysis, there is potential to identify novel roles for 1,25(OH)2D3-responsive miRNAs in the prediction and pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. Acknowledgements Thank you to the Medical Research Council for funding this PhD Studentship research project. Firstly, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my PhD supervisors Professor Martin Hewison and Professor Karim Raza, for their continued advice and support throughout my PhD. Professor Hewison has been an outstanding supervisor and his experience, patience and approachability has been paramount to the success of this project. Furthermore his enthusiasm, motivation and immense knowledge has inspired me to continue pursuing a career in academia. Professor Raza has been a source of inspiration by providing fresh insights on my project and encouraging me to think critically from a wider perspective. The clinical chapter of this thesis would not have been possible without his input and sample sourcing. I would also like to thank a number of academics at the University of Birmingham for their assistance and contributions to this project, in particular Dr Louisa Jeffery and Dr Carl Jenkinson from the Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, and Dr Peter Nightingale from the Institute of Translational Medicine. Additionally thank you to Dr Dean Larner and Amadeo Muñoz García for their input at various stages of data collection and analysis. I feel extremely fortunate to have a group of wonderful colleagues within the department who have been a joy to work with. A massive thank you to my friends with whom I have laughed through the highs and been supported through the lows of my PhD – you guys are amazing. Finally, this acknowledgement would not be complete without a heartfelt thank you to my family for their unwavering love, advice and support. From the bottom of my heart, I am thankful for everything. I hope I have made you all proud. CHAPTER 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS, LIST OF FIGURES AND LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Table of contents CHAPTER 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS, LIST OF FIGURES AND LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Table of contents ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 List of figures and tables ........................................................................... 1 Abbreviations………………………………………………………...………….9 CHAPTER 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .......................................................... 11 2.1 Vitamin D metabolism, signalling and endocrine regulation .................... 12 2.2 Vitamin D transport and bioavailability…………………………………......19 2.3 Vitamin D-sufficiency and -deficiency ..................................................... 22 2.4 Vitamin D status and human health………………………………………...23 2.5 Quantification of vitamin D metabolites…………………………………....27 2.6 Vitamin D and the immune system ........................................................ 29 2.7 Vitamin D and microRNAs ..................................................................... 38 2.8 A role for miRNAs in the immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D ......... 42 2.9 Project aims and objectives ................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................ 48 3. Introduction ............................................................................................ 49 3.1 Primary cell culture ................................................................................ 53 3.1.1 Ethics ..................................................................................................... 53 3.1.2 Isolation of PBMC from whole blood ...................................................... 53 3.1.3 Isolation of CD14+ monocytes ............................................................... 54 3.1.4 Induction of monocyte-derived DC phenotypes ..................................... 55 3.1.5 Isolation of naïve CD4+ CD25- T cells ................................................... 56 3.1.6 Naïve CD4+ T cell activation .................................................................. 57 3.1.7 T cell 1,25(OH)₂D3 time-course study ................................................... 58 3.2 Flow cytometry ....................................................................................... 60 3.2.1 DC and T cell surface antigen staining................................................... 62 3.2.2 Cell fixation with Paraformaldehyde (PFA) ............................................. 62 3.2.3 CD4+ T cell intracellular staining of CTLA-4 expression (using the Saponin method) .................................................................................... 63 3.2.4 CD4+ T cell intracellular staining of FoxP3 expression (using the eBioscience FoxP3 method) .................................................................. 63 3.3 DC and T cell gene expression analysis ................................................ 64 3.3.1 RNA isolation ......................................................................................... 64 3.3.2 Reverse transcription ............................................................................. 66 3.3.3 qRT-PCR analysis of mRNA expression ................................................ 67 3.4 DC and T cell candidate miRNA expression analysis ............................ 69 3.5 MiScript HC qPCR array analysis of miRNA expression ........................ 70 3.5.1 Reverse transcription for miRNA PCR array .......................................... 71 3.5.2 Pre-amplification of cDNA for miRNA array ........................................... 72 3.5.3 qPCR of miScript HC miRNA qPCR arrays ............................................ 73 3.6 Profiling serum and SF in rheumatoid arthritis......................................
Recommended publications
  • Mutations and Altered Expression of SERPINF1 in Patients with Familial Otosclerosis Joanna L

    Mutations and Altered Expression of SERPINF1 in Patients with Familial Otosclerosis Joanna L

    Human Molecular Genetics, 2016, Vol. 25, No. 12 2393–2403 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddw106 Advance Access Publication Date: 7 April 2016 Original Article ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mutations and altered expression of SERPINF1 in patients with familial otosclerosis Joanna L. Ziff1, Michael Crompton1, Harry R.F. Powell2, Jeremy A. Lavy2, Christopher P. Aldren3, Karen P. Steel4,†, Shakeel R. Saeed1,2 and Sally J. Dawson1,* 1UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK, 2Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London WC1X 8EE, UK, 3Department of ENT Surgery, The Princess Margaret Hospital, Windsor SL4 3SJ, UK and 4Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: þ44 2076798935; Email: [email protected] Abstract Otosclerosis is a relatively common heterogenous condition, characterized by abnormal bone remodelling in the otic capsule leading to fixation of the stapedial footplate and an associated conductive hearing loss. Although familial linkage and candidate gene association studies have been performed in recent years, little progress has been made in identifying disease- causing genes. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing in four families exhibiting dominantly inherited otosclerosis to identify 23 candidate variants (reduced to 9 after segregation analysis) for further investigation in a secondary cohort of 84 familial cases. Multiple mutations were found in the SERPINF1 (Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade F) gene which encodes PEDF (pigment epithelium-derived factor), a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and known regulator of bone density. Six rare heterozygous SERPINF1 variants were found in seven patients in our familial otosclerosis cohort; three are missense mutations predicted to be deleterious to protein function.
  • Isolation and Characterisation of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells From

    Isolation and Characterisation of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells From

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Isolation and characterisation of lymphatic endothelial cells from lung tissues afected by lymphangioleiomyomatosis Koichi Nishino1,2*, Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu3,4, Tomoki Muramatsu5, Yasuhito Sekimoto1,2, Keiko Mitani1,2, Etsuko Kobayashi1,2, Shouichi Okamoto1,2, Hiroki Ebana1,2,6,7, Yoshinori Okada8, Masatoshi Kurihara2,6, Kenji Suzuki9, Johji Inazawa5, Kazuhisa Takahashi1, Tetsuro Watabe3 & Kuniaki Seyama1,2 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare pulmonary disease characterised by the proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells (LAM cells), and an abundance of lymphatic vessels in LAM lesions. Studies reported that vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) secreted by LAM cells contributes to LAM-associated lymphangiogenesis, however, the precise mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and characteristics of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in LAM lesions have not yet been elucidated. In this study, human primary-cultured LECs were obtained both from LAM-afected lung tissues (LAM-LECs) and normal lung tissues (control LECs) using fuorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We found that LAM-LECs had signifcantly higher ability of proliferation and migration compared to control LECs. VEGF-D signifcantly promoted migration of LECs but not proliferation of LECs in vitro. cDNA microarray and FACS analysis revealed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3 and integrin α9 were elevated in LAM-LECs. Inhibition of VEGFR-3 suppressed proliferation and migration of LECs, and blockade of integrin α9 reduced VEGF-D-induced migration of LECs. Our data uncovered the distinct features of LAM-associated LECs, increased proliferation and migration, which may be due to higher expression of VEGFR-3 and integrin α9. Furthermore, we also found VEGF-D/VEGFR-3 and VEGF-D/ integrin α9 signaling play an important role in LAM-associated lymphangiogenesis.
  • The First Genome-Wide View of Vitamin D Receptor Locations and Their Mechanistic Implications

    The First Genome-Wide View of Vitamin D Receptor Locations and Their Mechanistic Implications

    ANTICANCER RESEARCH 32: 271-282 (2012) Review The First Genome-wide View of Vitamin D Receptor Locations and Their Mechanistic Implications CARSTEN CARLBERG1, SABINE SEUTER2 and SAMI HEIKKINEN1 1Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 2Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Abstract. The transcription factor vitamin D receptor Physiological Impact of Vitamin D (VDR) is the nuclear sensor for the biologically most active in the Immune System metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3). The physiological actions of the VDR and Vitamin D is a micronutrient which under ultraviolet (UV) its ligand are not only the well-known regulation of calcium radiation can also be produced in the skin (1). The most and phosphorus uptake and transport controlling bone abundant form of vitamin D is its liver hydroxylation product formation, but also their significant involvement in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), serum concentrations of control of immune functions and of cellular growth and which indicate the vitamin D status of the human individual differentiation. For a general understanding of the (2). The biologically most active vitamin D metabolite is mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling, it is essential to obtained from further hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3 in the monitor the genome-wide location of VDR in relation to kidney to 1α,25(OH)2D3 (3). Interestingly, the hydroxylation primary 1α,25(OH)2D3 target genes. Within the last months, of vitamin D can also take place in other tissues and a few of two chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) them, such as keratinocytes and macrophages, have the studies using cells of the hematopoietic system, capacity for the full conversion of vitamin D to lymphoblastoids and monocytes, were published.
  • Targets TFIID and TFIIA to Prevent Activated Transcription

    Targets TFIID and TFIIA to Prevent Activated Transcription

    Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 26, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press The mammalian transcriptional repressor RBP (CBF1) targets TFIID and TFIIA to prevent activated transcription Ivan Olave, Danny Reinberg,1 and Lynne D. Vales2 Department of Biochemistry and 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 USA RBP is a cellular protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor in mammalian cells. RBP has elicited great interest lately because of its established roles in regulating gene expression, in Drosophila and mouse development, and as a component of the Notch signal transduction pathway. This report focuses on the mechanism by which RBP represses transcription and thereby regulates expression of a relatively simple, but natural, promoter. The results show that, irrespective of the close proximity between RBP and other transcription factors bound to the promoter, RBP does not occlude binding by these other transcription factors. Instead, RBP interacts with two transcriptional coactivators: dTAFII110, a subunit of TFIID, and TFIIA to repress transcription. The domain of dTAFII110 targeted by RBP is the same domain that interacts with TFIIA, but is disparate from the domain that interacts with Sp1. Repression can be thwarted when stable transcription preinitiation complexes are formed before RBP addition, suggesting that RBP interaction with TFIIA and TFIID perturbs optimal interactions between these coactivators. Consistent with this, interaction between RBP and TFIIA precludes interaction with dTAFII110. This is the first report of a repressor specifically targeting these two coactivators to subvert activated transcription. [Key Words: RBP; transcriptional repression; TFIIA/TFIID targeting] Received November 17, 1997; revised version accepted April 1, 1998.
  • An RBPJ-Drosophila Model Reveals Dependence of RBPJ Protein Stability on the Formation of Transcription–Regulator Complexes

    An RBPJ-Drosophila Model Reveals Dependence of RBPJ Protein Stability on the Formation of Transcription–Regulator Complexes

    cells Article An RBPJ-Drosophila Model Reveals Dependence of RBPJ Protein Stability on the Formation of Transcription–Regulator Complexes Bernd M. Gahr 1,2, Franziska Brändle 1, Mirjam Zimmermann 1 and Anja C. Nagel 1,* 1 Institute of Genetics (240), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; [email protected] (B.M.G.); [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (M.Z.) 2 Present address: Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-711-45922210 Received: 23 August 2019; Accepted: 10 October 2019; Published: 14 October 2019 Abstract: Notch signaling activity governs widespread cellular differentiation in higher animals, including humans, and is involved in several congenital diseases and different forms of cancer. Notch signals are mediated by the transcriptional regulator RBPJ in a complex with activated Notch (NICD). Analysis of Notch pathway regulation in humans is hampered by a partial redundancy of the four Notch receptor copies, yet RBPJ is solitary, allowing its study in model systems. In Drosophila melanogaster, the RBPJ orthologue is encoded by Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)]. Using genome engineering, we replaced Su(H) by murine RBPJ in order to study its function in the fly. In fact, RBPJ largely substitutes for Su(H)’s function, yet subtle phenotypes reflect increased Notch signaling activity. Accordingly, the binding of RBPJ to Hairless (H) protein, the general Notch antagonist in Drosophila, was considerably reduced compared to that of Su(H). An H-binding defective RBPJLLL mutant matched the respective Su(H)LLL allele: homozygotes were lethal due to extensive Notch hyperactivity.
  • Rbpj-Dependent and -Independent Notch2 Signaling Regulates

    Rbpj-Dependent and -Independent Notch2 Signaling Regulates

    RBPJ-DEPENDENT AND -INDEPENDENT NOTCH2 SIGNALING REGULATES CILIARY BODY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOUSE EYE By Yi Zhou B.S., Tsinghua University, 2010 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Ting Xie, Ph.D., Co-Chair ________________________________ William Kinsey, Ph.D., Co-Chair ________________________________ Dale Abrahamson, Ph.D. ________________________________ Peter Smith, Ph.D. ________________________________ Jerry Workman, Ph.D. Date Defended: Jan 6th, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Yi Zhou certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: RBPJ-DEPENDENT AND -INDEPENDENT NOTCH2 SIGNALING REGULATES CILIARY BODY DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOUSE EYE ________________________________ Ting Xie, Ph.D., Co-Chair ________________________________ William Kinsey, Ph.D., Co-Chair Date Approved: Jan 15th, 2016 ii ABSTRACT The ciliary body (CB) is a two-layered structure in the anterior eye, which is composed of the pigmented outer ciliary epithelium (OCE) and the non-pigmented inner ciliary epithelium (ICE). It is responsible for aqueous humor secretion and lens accommodation. Despite the important roles in maintaining normal eye functions, its development still remains poorly understood. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that has diverse functions during tissue development and homeostasis. Canonical Notch signaling is mediated through the recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ)-dependent transcription activation and repression. In this study, I have demonstrated that Notch2 and RBPJ are important regulators of CB development by conditionally deleting them in the developing CB.
  • Original Article a Database and Functional Annotation of NF-Κb Target Genes

    Original Article a Database and Functional Annotation of NF-Κb Target Genes

    Int J Clin Exp Med 2016;9(5):7986-7995 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0019172 Original Article A database and functional annotation of NF-κB target genes Yang Yang, Jian Wu, Jinke Wang The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People’s Republic of China Received November 4, 2015; Accepted February 10, 2016; Epub May 15, 2016; Published May 30, 2016 Abstract: Backgrounds: The previous studies show that the transcription factor NF-κB always be induced by many inducers, and can regulate the expressions of many genes. The aim of the present study is to explore the database and functional annotation of NF-κB target genes. Methods: In this study, we manually collected the most complete listing of all NF-κB target genes identified to date, including the NF-κB microRNA target genes and built the database of NF-κB target genes with the detailed information of each target gene and annotated it by DAVID tools. Results: The NF-κB target genes database was established (http://tfdb.seu.edu.cn/nfkb/). The collected data confirmed that NF-κB maintains multitudinous biological functions and possesses the considerable complexity and diversity in regulation the expression of corresponding target genes set. The data showed that the NF-κB was a central regula- tor of the stress response, immune response and cellular metabolic processes. NF-κB involved in bone disease, immunological disease and cardiovascular disease, various cancers and nervous disease. NF-κB can modulate the expression activity of other transcriptional factors. Inhibition of IKK and IκBα phosphorylation, the decrease of nuclear translocation of p65 and the reduction of intracellular glutathione level determined the up-regulation or down-regulation of expression of NF-κB target genes.
  • The Role of Inhibitors of Differentiation Proteins ID1 and ID3 in Breast Cancer Metastasis

    The Role of Inhibitors of Differentiation Proteins ID1 and ID3 in Breast Cancer Metastasis

    The role of Inhibitors of Differentiation proteins ID1 and ID3 in breast cancer metastasis Wee Siang Teo A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine The University of New South Wales Cancer Research Program The Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney, Australia March, 2014 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Teo First name: Wee Siang Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD (Medicine) School: St Vincent’s Clinical School Faculty: Faculty of Medicine Title: The role of Inhibitors of Differentiation proteins ID1 and ID3 in breast cancer metastasis Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women. While locally-confined breast cancer is generally curable, the survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer is very poor. Treatment for metastatic breast cancer is palliative not curative due to the lack of targeted therapies. Metastasis is a complex process that still remains poorly understood, thus a detailed understanding of the biological complexity that underlies breast cancer metastasis is essential in reducing the lethality of this disease. The Inhibitor of Differentiation proteins 1 and 3 (ID1/3) are transcriptional regulators that control many cell fate and developmental processes and are often deregulated in cancer. ID1/3 are required and sufficient for the metastasis of breast cancer in experimental models. However, the mechanisms by which ID1/3 mediate metastasis in breast cancer remain to be determined. Little is known about pathways regulated by ID1/3 in breast cancer as well as their functional role in the multiple steps of metastatic progression.
  • LSD1 Dual Function in Mediating Epigenetic Corruption of the Vitamin

    LSD1 Dual Function in Mediating Epigenetic Corruption of the Vitamin

    Battaglia et al. Clinical Epigenetics (2017) 9:82 DOI 10.1186/s13148-017-0382-y RESEARCH Open Access LSD1 dual function in mediating epigenetic corruption of the vitamin D signaling in prostate cancer Sebastiano Battaglia1*, Ellen Karasik2, Bryan Gillard2, Jennifer Williams2, Trisha Winchester3, Michael T. Moser2, Dominic J Smiraglia3 and Barbara A. Foster2* Abstract Background: Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is a key regulator of the androgen (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER), and LSD1 levels correlate with tumor aggressiveness. Here, we demonstrate that LSD1 regulates vitamin D receptor (VDR) activity and is a mediator of 1,25(OH)2-D3 (vitamin D) action in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Athymic nude mice were xenografted with CWR22 cells and monitored weekly after testosterone pellet removal. Expression of LSD1 and VDR (IHC) were correlated with tumor growth using log-rank test. TRAMP tumors and prostates from wild-type (WT) mice were used to evaluate VDR and LSD1 expression via IHC and western blotting. The presence of VDR and LSD1 in the same transcriptional complex was evaluated via immunoprecipitation (IP) using nuclear cell lysate. The effect of LSD1 and 1,25(OH)2-D3 on cell viability was evaluated in C4-2 and BC1A cells via trypanblueexclusion.TheroleofLSD1inVDR-mediatedgenetranscriptionwasevaluatedforCdkn1a, E2f1, Cyp24a1,andS100g via qRT-PCR-TaqMan and via chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Methylation of Cdkn1a TSS was measured via bisulfite sequencing, and methylation of a panel of cancer-related genes was quantified using methyl arrays. The Cancer Genome Atlas data were retrieved to identify genes whose status correlates with LSD1 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1).
  • Beyond Proteinuria: VDR Activation Reduces Renal Inflammation in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy

    Beyond Proteinuria: VDR Activation Reduces Renal Inflammation in Experimental Diabetic Nephropathy

    Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302: F647–F657, 2012. First published December 14, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00090.2011. Translational Physiology Beyond proteinuria: VDR activation reduces renal inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy Maria-Dolores Sanchez-Niño,3 Milica Bozic,1 Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús,4 Petya Valcheva,1 Olga Gracia,1 Merce Ibarz,2 Elvira Fernandez,1 Juan F. Navarro-Gonzalez,4* Alberto Ortiz,3* and Jose Manuel Valdivielso1* 1Research Laboratory and Nephrology Department, 2Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida; 3Nefrología, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigaciones Nefrológicas-IRSIN, Madrid; and 4Servicio de Nefrología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Submitted 8 February 2011; accepted in final form 7 December 2011 Sanchez-Niño M, Bozic M, Córdoba-Lanús E, Valcheva P, eventual decrease in GFR. Damage to highly differentiated Gracia O, Ibarz M, Fernandez E, Navarro-Gonzalez JF, Ortiz A, glomerular podocytes is thought to be an early event in DN Valdivielso JM. Beyond proteinuria: VDR activation reduces renal (35). In recent years, a direct association between inflammatory inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol parameters and clinical markers of glomerular as well as Renal Physiol 302: F647–F657, 2012. First published December 14, tubulointerstitial damage has been demonstrated, suggesting 2011; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00090.2011.—Local inflammation is thought to contribute to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The vitamin D that inflammation may be a pathogenic factor for the develop- ment and progression of DN (22). Hyperglycemia, angiotensin receptor (VDR) activator paricalcitol has an antiproteinuric effect in ␤ human diabetic nephropathy at high doses.
  • 1Α,25‑Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Restrains Stem Cell‑Like Properties of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Enhancing Vitamin D Receptor and Suppressing CD44

    1Α,25‑Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Restrains Stem Cell‑Like Properties of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Enhancing Vitamin D Receptor and Suppressing CD44

    ONCOLOGY REPORTS 41: 3393-3403, 2019 1α,25‑Dihydroxyvitamin D3 restrains stem cell‑like properties of ovarian cancer cells by enhancing vitamin D receptor and suppressing CD44 MINTAO JI1*, LIZHI LIU2*, YONGFENG HOU3 and BINGYAN LI1 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123; 2State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‑Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060; 3State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China Received May 10, 2018; Accepted February 27, 2019 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7116 Abstract. Scientific evidence linking vitamin D with various the expression of CD44. These findings provide a novel insight cancer types is growing, but the effects of vitamin D on ovarian into the functions of vitamin D in diminishing the stemness of cancer stem cell‑like cells (CSCs) are largely unknown. The cancer CSCs. present study aimed to examine whether vitamin D was able to restrain the stemness of ovarian cancer. A side popula- Introduction tion (SP) from malignant ovarian surface epithelial cells was identified as CSCs, in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Ovarian cancer is the fourth most frequent gynecologic malig- 1α,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] treatment nancy and the leading cause of tumor‑associated mortality inhibited the self‑renewal capacity of SP cells by decreasing in the USA (1). Epithelial ovarian cancer, which accounts the sphere formation rate and by suppressing the mRNA for ~90% of ovarian cancers, is generally diagnosed at an expression levels of cluster of differentiation CD44, NANOG, advanced stage (2).
  • In Vitro Targeting of Transcription Factors to Control the Cytokine Release Syndrome in 2 COVID-19 3

    In Vitro Targeting of Transcription Factors to Control the Cytokine Release Syndrome in 2 COVID-19 3

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.29.424728; this version posted December 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 In vitro Targeting of Transcription Factors to Control the Cytokine Release Syndrome in 2 COVID-19 3 4 Clarissa S. Santoso1, Zhaorong Li2, Jaice T. Rottenberg1, Xing Liu1, Vivian X. Shen1, Juan I. 5 Fuxman Bass1,2 6 7 1Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 2Bioinformatics Program, 8 Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA 9 10 Corresponding author: 11 Juan I. Fuxman Bass 12 Boston University 13 5 Cummington Mall 14 Boston, MA 02215 15 Email: [email protected] 16 Phone: 617-353-2448 17 18 Classification: Biological Sciences 19 20 Keywords: COVID-19, cytokine release syndrome, cytokine storm, drug repurposing, 21 transcriptional regulators 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.29.424728; this version posted December 30, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 22 Abstract 23 Treatment of the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) has become an important part of rescuing 24 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here, we systematically explored the transcriptional regulators 25 of inflammatory cytokines involved in the COVID-19 CRS to identify candidate transcription 26 factors (TFs) for therapeutic targeting using approved drugs.