Glossary of Commonly Used Dental Terms
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Glossary of Dental Terms
1 GLOSSARY OF DENTAL TERMS A PATIENT’S DENTAL PRIMER Amalgam - Silver filling. Bonding - Method of adhering a filling ( amalgam or composite ) to a tooth. Uses a white light to harden the material. Bridge - A cemented structure used to replace missing teeth. Composed of several caps soldered together using a pontic to replace the missing tooth. Calculus -Tartar, a hard substance that forms on the teeth. Once formed, it must be professionally removed. Composite - White filling used in front or back teeth. Crown - 1. Same thing as a cap. Can be all metal ( either gold or a combination of other met- als) or a combination of metal and an esthetic material such as porcelain. 2. The part of the tooth that is visible in the mouth. Denture - A Removable Prosthesis - can be either a full or partial ( replaces a few or several teeth) denture. Sometimes called a ' plate '. Should not be confused with a bridge. Endodontist - A dentist that specializes in performing root canal therapy. Explorer - The pointed instrument used during the examination. Frenum - The little piece of tissue which goes from the inside of your lip to the gum tissue just above your front teeth. There is also a frenum which goes from the under surfac your tongue to the bottom of your mouth. Frenum are not essential structures and very often need to be removed if they are causing physical or esthetic problems. Gingiva - Gum tissue. Inflammation - Red, sore, puffy bleeding gums tissue. Due to the accumulation of bacteria and lack of required home care. Inlay/Onlay - A type of restoration that replaces a part of the tooth. -
Crowded and Rotated Teeth Crowded Teeth Are Common in Small Breed Dogs, While Crowded and Rotated Premolars Are Typically Seen in Brachycephalic Breeds
1 Crowded and rotated teeth Crowded teeth are common in small breed dogs, while crowded and rotated premolars are typically seen in brachycephalic breeds. To some this might suggest that the propensity for crowded, rotated teeth have a hereditary link. Studies show that the smaller the dog, the larger the teeth are in proportion to the mouth when compared to the teeth and mouths of larger dogs. Rotated and/or crowded conditions can occur in a single tooth, in multiple teeth, or in any combination. It is not uncommon to find crowded mandibular incisors in brachycephalic breeds. (Figure 1). Another common finding in many breeds, but especially in brachycephalics, is maxillary third premolars crowded with maxillary fourth premolars or the mandibular fourth premolars crowded with first molars. The maxillary third premolars and mandibular fourth premolars are usually also rotated in this condition .(Figure 2) Another common condition is incisors crowded together but also against the canine teeth Figure 1: Crowding of the mandibular incisors. Treatment included extracting the right and left mandibular second incisors. Figure 2: Crowded and rotated maxillary third premolars in a brachiocephalic dog 2 Rotation and crowding can cause pain from chronic tooth on tooth contact. This might be compared to the pain that humans experience from a caries that has been overfilled. It is a condition that generally does not result in clinical signs; however, it can be quite painful. The chronic trauma resulting from tooth on tooth contact can lead to tooth non vitality. Rotation and crowding can also result in tooth on soft tissue contact, which can be not only painful but can result in soft tissue defects. -
Veterinary Dentistry Extraction
Veterinary Dentistry Extraction Introduction The extraction of teeth in the dog and cat require specific skills. In this chapter the basic removal technique for a single rooted incisor tooth is developed for multi-rooted and canine teeth. Deciduous teeth a nd feline teeth, particularly those affected by odontoclastic resorptive lesions, also require special attention. Good technique requires careful planning. Consider if extraction is necessary, and if so, how is it best accomplished. Review the root morphology and surrounding structures using pre-operative radiographs. Make sure you have all the equipment you need, and plan pre and post-operative management. By the end of this chapter you should be able to: ü Know the indications for extracting a tooth ü Unders tand the differing root morphology of dog and cat teeth ü Be able to select an extraction technique and equipment for any individual tooth ü Know of potential complications and how to deal with them ü Be able to apply appropriate analgesic and other treatment. Indications for Extraction Mobile Teeth Mobile teeth are caused by advanced periodontal disease and bone loss. Crowding of Teeth Retained deciduous canine. Teeth should be considered for extraction when they are interfering with occlusion or crowding others (e.g. supernumerary teeth). Retained Deciduous Teeth Never have two teeth of the same type in the same place at the same time. This is the rule of dental succession. Teeth in the Line of a Fracture Consider extracting any teeth in the line of a fracture of the mandible or maxilla. Teeth Destroyed by Disease Teeth ruined by advanced caries, feline neck lesions etc. -
Medical-Dental History Personal History All of the Information Which You Provided on This Form Will Be Held in the Strictest Confidence
Medical-Dental History Personal History All of the information which you provided on this form will be held in the strictest confidence. Although some questions may seem unimportant at the time, they may be vital in an emergency situation. Please answer each question and ask if you need assistance completing the form. Patients Name:________________________________________________ Sex: M F Parents / Guardian:___________________________________________________________________ Date of Birth: __________________________ BC Care Card: ____________________________ Mailing Address:_____________________________________________________________________ Home Phone: ______________________________ Cell Phone:________________________________ E-Mail:_____________________________________________________________________________ Purpose of Visit:______________________________________________________________________ Family Dentist:____________________________ Medical Doctor: ___________________________ Referred by:_________________________________________________________________________ I authorize the doctor to perform diagnostic procedures and treatment as may be necessary for proper dental care. I authorize the release of information concerning my child’s health care, advice, and treatment provided for the purpose of evaluating and administering claims for insurance benefits. I understand that my dental insurance carrier or payer of my dental benefits may pay less than the actual fee for services. I understand that I am financially responsible for payment -
Dental Medicine (DDS/DMD)
Pre-Health Information for Dental Medicine (DDS/DMD) Dentists who have a DMD or DDS have the similar education. Both degrees use the same curriculum requirements set by the American Dental Association and the type of degree awarded is determined by the university. Profession web site(s): www.ada.org , www.adea.org Application web site: www.adea.org/aadsas or for Texas schools: www.tmdsas.com Admission/Entrance exam:– DAT (Dental Admission Test) Transcripts: Official transcripts from ALL institutions attended, including Marquette University, must be sent directly from the institution to the central application service. If you completed study abroad courses at a U.S. sponsored program abroad, you must send transcripts. If you studied abroad and the courses and grades do not appear on a U.S. transcript, then you need to have transcripts sent to AADSAS from the foreign school or an evaluation service. Course prerequisites: Course prerequisites vary by program. Typical prerequisites include Biology 1001, 1002, a separate lab course such as Biology 2001, a biochemistry course, Chemistry 1001, 1002, 2111, 2112, Physics 1001 and 1002. Different course numbers for majors (e.g., Chemistry 1014 for Majors) will be accepted. Physics is required for dental school but not for the DAT. Many dental schools require courses such as Biochemistry, Anatomy, Physiology and/or Microbiology, Psychology, Sociology and other upper level biology or science courses. Students should research schools to which they will apply early enough to ensure they can complete all necessary pre-requisite courses. Observation hours/experience: Dental schools like to see well-rounded applications and look for quality and depth of experiences rather than requiring a specific number of hours. -
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Rectum and Anus Large Intestine Small
1 Liver The liver produces bile, which aids in digestion of fats through a dissolving process known as emulsification. In this process, bile secreted into the small intestine 4 combines with large drops of liquid fat to form Healthy tiny molecular-sized spheres. Within these spheres (micelles), pancreatic enzymes can break down fat (triglycerides) into free fatty acids. Pancreas Digestion The pancreas not only regulates blood glucose 2 levels through production of insulin, but it also manufactures enzymes necessary to break complex The digestive system consists of a long tube (alimen- 5 carbohydrates down into simple sugars (sucrases), tary canal) that varies in shape and purpose as it winds proteins into individual amino acids (proteases), and its way through the body from the mouth to the anus fats into free fatty acids (lipase). These enzymes are (see diagram). The size and shape of the digestive tract secreted into the small intestine. varies in each individual (e.g., age, size, gender, and disease state). The upper part of the GI tract includes the mouth, throat (pharynx), esophagus, and stomach. The lower Gallbladder part includes the small intestine, large intestine, The gallbladder stores bile produced in the liver appendix, and rectum. While not part of the alimentary 6 and releases it into the duodenum in varying canal, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are all organs concentrations. that are vital to healthy digestion. 3 Small Intestine Mouth Within the small intestine, millions of tiny finger-like When food enters the mouth, chewing breaks it 4 protrusions called villi, which are covered in hair-like down and mixes it with saliva, thus beginning the first 5 protrusions called microvilli, aid in absorption of of many steps in the digestive process. -
Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis and Its Relationship to Overall Tooth Size Jane Wright, DDS, MS,A Jose A
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and its relationship to overall tooth size Jane Wright, DDS, MS,a Jose A. Bosio, BDS, MS,b Jang-Ching Chou, DDS, MS,c and Shuying S. Jiang, MSd Prosthodontists, orthodontists, ABSTRACT and general dentists frequently fi Statement of problem. Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor has been linked to differences in encounter dif culties when the size of the remaining teeth. Thus, the mesiodistal space required for definitive esthetic resto- attempting to restore the oc- ration in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors may be reduced. clusion if unilateral or bilateral Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a tooth size discrepancy exists in maxillary lateral incisors are orthodontic patients with agenesis of one or both maxillary lateral incisors. congenitally missing. Restora- tion of the missing lateral Material and methods. Forty sets of dental casts from orthodontic patients (19 men and 21 women; mean 15.9 years of age; all of European origin) were collected. All casts had agenesis of one incisor using an implant- or both maxillary lateral incisors. Teeth were measured with a digital caliper at their greatest supported crown, a partial mesiodistal width and then compared with those of a control group matched for ethnicity, age, and fi xed dental prosthesis, or sex. Four-factor ANOVA with repeated measures of 2 factors was used for statistical analysis (a=.05). mesial movement of the Results. Orthodontic patients with agenesis of one or both maxillary lateral incisors exhibited canine are treatment options. smaller than normal tooth size compared with the control group. -
Tooth Size Proportions Useful in Early Diagnosis
#63 Ortho-Tain, Inc. 1-800-541-6612 Tooth Size Proportions Useful In Early Diagnosis As the permanent incisors begin to erupt starting with the lower central, it becomes helpful to predict the sizes of the other upper and lower adult incisors to determine the required space necessary for straightness. Although there are variations in the mesio-distal widths of the teeth in any individual when proportions are used, the sizes of the unerupted permanent teeth can at least be fairly accurately pre-determined from the mesio-distal measurements obtained from the measurements of already erupted permanent teeth. As the mandibular permanent central breaks tissue, a mesio-distal measurement of the tooth is taken. The size of the lower adult lateral is obtained by adding 0.5 mm.. to the lower central size (see a). (a) Width of lower lateral = m-d width of lower central + 0.5 mm. The sizes of the upper incisors then become important as well. The upper permanent central is 3.25 mm.. wider than the lower central (see b). (b) Size of upper central = m-d width of lower central + 3.25 mm. The size of the upper lateral is 2.0 mm. smaller mesio-distally than the maxillary central (see c), and 1.25 mm. larger than the lower central (see d). (c) Size of upper lateral = m-d width of upper central - 2.0 mm. (d) Size of upper lateral = m-d width of lower central + 1.25 mm. The combined mesio-distal widths of the lower four adult incisors are four times the width of the mandibular central plus 1.0 mm. -
Feline Dentistry: Cats Are Not Small Dogs Matt Lemmons, DVM, DAVDC Medvet Indianapolis Carmel, IN
Basics for Practitioners: Oral Anatomy and Pathology Matt Lemmons, DVM, DAVDC MedVet Indianapolis Carmel, IN Dentistry is truly a branch of medicine and surgery. A strong knowledge of normal anatomy and pathology is cornerstone to adequate diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the oral cavity. The majority of oral related disease is inflammatory (periodontal disease) or traumatic (fractured teeth, orthopedic injuries) in nature. However other causes are not rare and need to be recognized. The basic dental unit is the tooth and surrounding periodontium. The tooth consists of the crown and root. The crown is covered in enamel and the root by cementum. Deep to the crown and cementum is the dentin. Dentin is a porous hard tissue which continuously grows toward the center of the tooth as long as the tooth is vital. Deep to the dentin is the pulp which consists of nerves, blood vessels, connective tissue, fibroblasts and odontoblasts. The periodontium is composed of the cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and gingiva. The periodontal ligament serves to anchor the cementum to the alveolar bone, act as a shock absorber and aid in sensation. The gingiva is attached to the bone (attached gingiva), tooth by connective tissue and the most apical extent is not attached and is known as the free gingiva. The potential space between the free gingiva and tooth and ending apically at the sulcular epithelium is the gingival sulcus. In health this should be less than 3mm in depth in dogs and 1mm in cats. When addressing the teeth and periodontium, directional nomenclature is not similar to directional nomenclature of the rest of the body. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
The Catenary Curve: a Guide to Gary Goldstein1, Yash Kapadia2, Mandibular Arch Form Terry Y Lin1 and Paul Zhivago1
Short Communication iMedPub Journals Periodontics and Prosthodontics: Open Access 2015 http://www.imedpub.com/ ISSN 2471-3082 Vol. 1 No. 1:1 DOI: 10.21767/2471-3082.100001 The Catenary Curve: A Guide to Gary Goldstein1, Yash Kapadia2, Mandibular Arch Form Terry Y Lin1 and Paul Zhivago1 1 Department of Prosthodontics, New Abstract York University College of Dentistry, New This article revisits a pre-existing geometric concept, the catenary curve, redefines York, USA its dental application and proposes it as a useful aid in visualizing the mandibular 2 Former Resident Advanced Education dental arch form both clinically and in CADCAM design. Program in Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New Keywords: Catenary curve; Parabolic curve; CAD-CAM; Artificial tooth placement; York, USA Mandibular arch form Gary Goldstein Received: November 09, 2015; Accepted: November 17, 2015; Published: November Corresponding author: 20, 2015 [email protected] Department of Prosthodontics, New York Introduction University College of Dentistry, 308 Second Ave, NY 10010, New York, USA. The Miriam Webster online dictionary describes the catenary curve as: “the curve assumed by a cord of uniform density and cross-section that is perfectly flexible but not capable of being Citation: Goldstein G (2015) The Catenary stretched and that hangs freely from two fixed points”. It was first Curve: A Guide to Mandibular Arch Form. described by MacConaill and Scher [1], who suggested that normal Periodon Prosthodon 1: 1. human dental arches conform closely to a catenary curve. Scott [2], in a paper using a catenometer on dried skulls, concluded that the lower border of the mandible more closely follows a catenary parabola as: “a plane curve generated by a point moving so that curve rather than the dental arches. -
Endodontic Retreatment V/S Implant
Journal of Dental Health Oral Disorders & Therapy Review Article Open Access Endodontic retreatment v/s implant Abstract Volume 9 Issue 3 - 2018 One of the most popular current debates covered by dental associations is the Sarah Salloum,1 Hasan Al Houseini,1,2 Sanaa comparison of the endodontics retreatment’s outcome with that of the implant 1 1 treatment’s, taking into account the patient’s best interest. With the advent of new Bassam, Valérie Batrouni 1Department of Endodontics, Lebanese University School of endodontics’ technologies and the struggling of implant innovations to achieve and Dentistry, Lebanon maintain high search results rankings, Data analysts are facing more difficulties when 2Department of Forensic Dentistry, Lebanese University School performing meaningful cross-study comparison. Accordingly, this literature review of Dentistry, Lebanon aims to answer one of the principal questions addressed by risk-benefit analysis of two long term treatments, that is “How safe, is safe enough?” Correspondence: Sarah Salloum, Department of Endodontics, Lebanese University, Lebanon, Tel 0096170600753, Email sas. Keywords: implant, root canal, retreatment, success rate, NiTi, study, evolution [email protected] Received: May 24, 2018 | Published: June 25, 2018 Introduction the reason for failure, the integrity of the tooth and its roots, and the patient’s overall health, both oral and general—and, importantly, “There are living systems; there is no living matter”, Jacques what may be involved in a root canal re-treatment. Saving a