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Revisione Dello Status IUCN Per Alcuni Taxa Inclusi Nella Lista Rossa Della Regione Campania

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Revisione Dello Status IUCN Per Alcuni Taxa Inclusi Nella Lista Rossa Della Regione Campania Delpinoa 49: 77-88. 2007 Revisione dello status IUCN per alcuni taxa inclusi nella Lista Rossa della Regione Campania M. INNANGI, A. IZZO, V. LA VALVA Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139 Napoli. [email protected] [email protected] Riassunto. Utilizzando la metodologia IUCN è Abstract. Using IUCN methodologies, the status of stato riesaminato lo status delle seguenti sei specie the following six rare species of Campania rare della Campania considerate a rischio: (Southern Italy) considered at risk has been re- Chamaerops humilis L., Globularia neapolitana O. examined: Chamaerops humilis L., Globularia Schwarz, Medicago arborea L., Parnassia palus- neapolitana O. Schwarz, Medicago arborea L., tris L., Pinguicula crystallina Sibth. & Smith. Parnassia palustris L., Pinguicula crystallina subsp. hirtiflora (Ten.) Strid, Simethis planifolia Sibth. & Smith. subsp. hirtiflora (Ten.) Strid, (L.) Gren. & Godr. Indagini di campo hanno con- Simethis planifolia (L.) Gren. & Godr. Field sur- fermato lo stato di rischio per Medicago arborea, veys confirmed the degree of risk for Medicago Pinguicula crystallina subsp. hirtiflora e Simethis arborea, Pinguicula crystallina subsp. hirtiflora, planifolia ed hanno fatto emergere uno stato più and Simethis planifolia, and showed higher risk grave di quello precedentemente assegnato a than previously reported for Chamaerops humilis, Chamaerops humilis, Globularia neapolitana e Globularia neapolitana, and Parnassia palustris; Parnassia palustris, fornendo dati utili per la con- they also provided data useful for the conservation servazione di queste rare entità. of these rare entities. Key words: Campania, Chamaerops humilis, Endangered species, Globularia neapolitana, IUCN, Medicago arborea, Parnassia palustris, Pinguicula crystallina, Red List, Simethis planifolia Nel Luglio 2008 è stato pubblicato a cura utilizzato al mondo in ambito scientifico e con- della Società Botanica Italiana “Flora da con- servazionistico. La versione più recente, ed servare; iniziativa per l’implementazione in attualmente in uso, dei criteri e delle categorie Italia delle categorie e dei criteri IUCN (2001) IUCN risale al 2001 ed è accompagnata da per la redazione di nuove Liste Rosse” (ROSSI linee guida contenenti precise indicazioni et al. 2008). metodologiche su come valutare un taxon Il protocollo IUCN, introdotto nel 1976 (IUCN 2001, 2006). (LUCAS &WALTERS 1976), è stato migliorato CONTI et al. (1997) hanno individuato tutte attraverso l’aggiornamento delle categorie di le specie della Campania che rientravano in minaccia nel 1991 (MACE &LANDE 1991) e la una categoria di rischio IUCN, ossia VU, EN e redazione di criteri più oggettivi con la defini- CR, consentendo l’individuazione di 38 taxa a zione di soglie numeriche per alcuni parametri rischio, di cui 3 considerati CR e 35 VU. valutabili quantitativamente, come il numero Sulla base dei dati di CONTI et al. (1997) di individui, l’areale e l’area occupata. Grazie sono state prese in esame sei specie, tutte pre- a questa continua evoluzione e all’implemen- cedentemente ritenute VU. Le specie indivi- tazione di valutazioni quantitative oltre che duate sono Chamaerops humilis L., Globula- qualitative, il sistema IUCN è divenuto il più ria neapolitana O. Schwarz, Medicago arbo- rea L., Parnassia palustris L., Pinguicula indivuare con maggiore precisione, laddove crystallina Sibth. & Smith. subsp. hirtiflora possibile, le stazioni di rinvenimento dei taxa. (Ten.) Strid, Simethis planifolia (L.) Gren. & Questi dati di tipo storico hanno consentito, Godr. inoltre, una pur parziale ricostruzione diacro- Per le sei specie sopra elencate è stata con- nica della distribuzione delle specie in Cam- dotta un’indagine bibliografica, esaminati pania. degli exsiccata ed effettuate indagini in campo Le indagini in campo sono state condotte per l’acquisizione dei dati necessari alla reda- nel periodo Marzo-Novembre 2009. Per la zione di una moderna Lista Rossa regionale. georereferenziazione ci si è avvalsi di un GPS cartografico. METODOLOGIA Tutti i dati sono stati schedati seguendo il protocollo IUCN (ROSSI et al. 2008). La nomenclatura adottata nel presente lavo- Le schede conclusive proposte per le sei ro è quella seguita da CONTI et al. (2005), men- specie sono state organizzate secondo il mo- tre per l’inquadramento sistematico ci si è rife- dello proposto dalla S.B.I. adattato alla sola riti a PIGNATTI (1982). regione Campania. Per le specie oggetto di stu- L’indagine bibliografica è stata finalizzata dio viene aggiornato lo status IUCN per la all’individuazione dell’areale delle specie sia a Regione. livello europeo sia a livello nazionale. Le flore La distribuzione viene riportata per la sola locali campane, in seguito, hanno permesso di Regione Campania e non per tutto il territorio reperire tutte le informazioni e le segnalazioni nazionale. precedenti per le specie sul territorio regionale. Il numero di stazioni indicato tiene conto Per la distribuzione europea delle entità si è principalmente delle stazioni, rinvenute o consultato TUTIN et al. (1964-1980), mentre meno nel presente studio, riportate nelle flore per quella italiana si sono seguite le indicazio- della Campania. Segnalazioni vaghe non veri- ni di FIORI (1923-1929) e PIGNATTI (1982). ficate non sono state tenute in conto, mentre Sono stati, inoltre, consultati i contributi di sono state inserite le stazioni indagate con il GUADAGNO (1932), RICCIARDI (1996), MORAL- presente studio e non riportate nelle flore. DO et al. (1985-1986), CAPUTO et al. (1989- La EOO (Extent Of Occurrence) è stata cal- 1990), DI NATALE & LA VALVA (2000), GUADA- colata costruendo delle aree plausibili di esten- GNO (1918). sione dell’areale della specie attorno alle sta- Lo studio e la raccolta dei dati sono stati zioni rinvenute e a quelle conosciute nella condotti nelle diverse aree della Campania in bibliografia floristica. Nel caso di ampie aree cui le entità erano state segnalate. La ricerca per le quali il taxon non è seganalato e per delle suddette non è stata limitata alle sole quelle con chiara evidenza di inospitabilità segnalazioni presenti nelle Flore, ma è stata dell’habitat, si è fatta la somma delle varie sot- condotta anche in altre aree con l’aspettativa di tozone disgiunte. trovare stazioni sconosciute. La AOO (Area Of Occupancy) è stata cal- Gli ambienti di ricerca sono stati: Campi colata in due modi diversi. Il primo tiene conto Flegrei, Napoli, Penisola sorrentino-amalfita- delle indicazioni IUCN riguardo una griglia di na, Monti Lattari, Capri, Monti Picentini. 2x2 km (o, in casi eccezionali, di 1x1 km) ed è L’esame degli exsiccata delle specie scelte quello utilizzato ufficialmente nei criteri. è stato condotto nell’Herbarium Neapolitanum L’altro indica l’area reale che le specie occu- (NAP) della Sezione di Biologia Vegetale del pano sul territorio calcolata o stimata diretta- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche dell’U- mente sul campo. niversità di Napoli Federico II. Sono state con- sultate principalmente le collezioni dei due più RISULTATI importanti floristi che hanno operato in Cam- pania, ossia Michele Tenore e Giovanni Gus- Si riportano di seguito i risultati del lavoro sone. L’esame degli exsiccata ha permesso di di revisione e la lista delle stazioni rinvenute e 78 verificate per le sei specie in Campania. nella zona caprese. 9.10 Other: la presenza di numerosissimi individui coltivati, provenienti Chamaerops humilis L. in molti casi da luoghi lontani, può mettere a Palmae. rischio il genoma delle popolazioni selvatiche. Biologia. Nanofanerofita o fanerofita arbo- 10.1 Recreation/tourism: sia la costa amalfita- rea che fiorisce tra Maggio e Giugno alle quote na sia quella caprese sono interessate da fortis- tra 0 e 600 m s.l.m. (PIGNATTI 1982). sima pressione turistica che può sicuramente Ecologia. Macchie e boscaglie sempre avere impatti negativi su questa specie. verdi (PIGNATTI 1982). Per la Campania si rin- Criteri IUCN applicati: in base ai dati dis- viene su rupi e falesie prossime al mare, solita- ponibili è stato applicato il criterio di indiciz- mente in zone inaccessibili con vegetazione zazione C. non molto fitta. Criterio C. Sottocriteri: C2 - Declino conti- Distribuzione in Campania. Regione bio- nuo dedotto e osservato del numero di indivi- geografica: Regione Mediterranea, Provincia dui maturi. Opzioni: (i) nessuna sottopopola- tirrenica, Settore Campano-Laziale (PEDROTTI zione costituita da più di 250 individui maturi. 1996). Province amministrative: Napoli, Saler- Questa entità vive tuttora in Campania, no. Numero di stazioni: 2 per la Campania confermando tutte le segnalazioni storiche (coste di Capri e zona prossima a Capo affidabili. Tuttavia è osservato già dagli autori d’Orso). precedenti il declino continuo della popolazio- Gruppo corologico ed areale globale. ne di C. humilis soprattutto nelle coste capresi, Regione mediterranea occidentale (PIGNATTI dove la specie è stata relegata, soprattutto nel- 1982), con estensione ad est fino a Malta l’ultimo secolo in funzione delle minacce (TUTIN et al. 1964-1980). sopra riportate, in ambiente irraggiungibili dal- Minacce. 1.4 Infrastructure development: l’uomo. Discorso simile si può fare per la costa la sensibile urbanizzazione, soprattutto nel amalfitana che, per sua natura, rappresentereb- tratto delle coste capresi, è una minaccia sensi- be l’optimum ecologico per C. humilis, che bile per questa specie
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