Dust Phenomena Relating to Airless Bodies
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Potential Resources on and from the Asteroids/Comets; Threats
ASTEROIDS AND COMETS: POTENTIAL RESOURCES LECTURE 21 NEEP 533 HARRISON H. SCHMITT EROS C-TYPE NASA/NEAR SHOEMAKER/APL 11X11X34 KM ASTEROIDS IN GENERAL 1.3 GM/CM3 MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS BETWEEN JUPITER AND MARS NEAR EARTH ASTEROIDS SOME MAY BE SPENT COMETS EARTH CROSSING ASTEROIDS SOME MAY BE SPENT COMETS “CENTAUR” ASTEROIDS BETWEEN JUPITER AND URANUS CHIRON, 1979 VA, AND 133P/ELST-PIZARRO ALSO HAVE COMET- LIKE BEHAVIOR “TROJAN” ASTEROIDS JUPITER’S ORBIT AND CONTROLLED BY IT GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS RUBBLE PILES (?) NO ASTEROID >150M ROTATES FASTER THAN ONE REVOLUTION PER 2 HOURS CALCULATED LIMIT FOR RUBBLE TO STAY TOGETHER 1998 KY26 IS 30M IN DIAMETER, ROTATES IN 10.7 MIN. AND MAY BE SOLID MAY BE A TRANSITION IN ORBITAL CHARACTERISTICS AND / OR COMPOSITION BETWEEN SOME ASTEROIDS AND COMETS • S-TYPE OTHER ASTEROIDS – INNER ASTEROID BELT – EVIDENCE OF HEATING AND DIFFERENTIATION – 29 TELESCOPIC SPECTRA (Binzel, et al., 1996) • INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN S-TYPE AND ORDINARY CHONDRITES – 1. DISTINCT ROCK TYPES VS DIVERSE LARGER BODIES – 2. ABUNDANCE OF OPAQUE MATERIALS – 3. FRESH SURFACES (MOST LIKELY) • BASALTIC ACHONDRITES (6%) – 4 VESTA AT 2.36 AU [MAIN BELT PARENT (?)] – TOUTATIS - NEA (RADAR STUDY) • 4.5X2.4X1.9KM, 2.1 GM/CM3, TWO ROTATIONS, I.E., TUMBLING (5.4 AND 7.3 DAYS) – 1459 MAGNYA AT 3.15 AU [FRAGMENT OF LARGER BODY (?)] EROS • (Lazzaro, et al, 2000, Science, 288) C-TYPE (REVISED BY GRS DATA) 11X11X33 KM 2.7 GM/CM3 5.27 HR ROTATION NASA/NEAR SHOEMAKER/APL OTHER ASTEROIDS • D-TYPE CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITE (BEYOND MAIN BELT ASTEROIDS) – TAGISH -
KAREN J. MEECH February 7, 2019 Astronomer
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH – KAREN J. MEECH February 7, 2019 Astronomer Institute for Astronomy Tel: 1-808-956-6828 2680 Woodlawn Drive Fax: 1-808-956-4532 Honolulu, HI 96822-1839 [email protected] PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION Rice University Space Physics B.A. 1981 Massachusetts Institute of Tech. Planetary Astronomy Ph.D. 1987 APPOINTMENTS 2018 – present Graduate Chair 2000 – present Astronomer, Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii 1992-2000 Associate Astronomer, Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii 1987-1992 Assistant Astronomer, Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii 1982-1987 Graduate Research & Teaching Assistant, Massachusetts Inst. Tech. 1981-1982 Research Specialist, AAVSO and Massachusetts Institute of Technology AWARDS 2018 ARCs Scientist of the Year 2015 University of Hawai’i Regent’s Medal for Research Excellence 2013 Director’s Research Excellence Award 2011 NASA Group Achievement Award for the EPOXI Project Team 2011 NASA Group Achievement Award for EPOXI & Stardust-NExT Missions 2009 William Tylor Olcott Distinguished Service Award of the American Association of Variable Star Observers 2006-8 National Academy of Science/Kavli Foundation Fellow 2005 NASA Group Achievement Award for the Stardust Flight Team 1996 Asteroid 4367 named Meech 1994 American Astronomical Society / DPS Harold C. Urey Prize 1988 Annie Jump Cannon Award 1981 Heaps Physics Prize RESEARCH FIELD AND ACTIVITIES • Developed a Discovery mission concept to explore the origin of Earth’s water. • Co-Investigator on the Deep Impact, Stardust-NeXT and EPOXI missions, leading the Earth-based observing campaigns for all three. • Leads the UH Astrobiology Research interdisciplinary program, overseeing ~30 postdocs and coordinating the research with ~20 local faculty and international partners. -
Dynamics of Saturn's Small Moons in Coupled First Order Planar Resonances
Dynamics of Saturn's small moons in coupled first order planar resonances Maryame El Moutamid Bruno Sicardy and St´efanRenner LESIA/IMCCE | Paris Observatory 26 juin 2012 Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Saturn system Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Very small moons Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk New satellites : Anthe, Methone and Aegaeon (Cooper et al., 2008 ; Hedman et al., 2009, 2010 ; Porco et al., 2005) Very small (0.5 km to 2 km) Vicinity of the Mimas orbit (outside and inside) The aims of the work A better understanding : - of the dynamics of this population of news satellites - of the scenario of capture into mean motion resonances Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Dynamical structure of the system µ µ´ Mp We consider only : - The resonant terms - The secular terms causing the precessions of the orbit When µ ! 0 ) The symmetry is broken ) different kinds of resonances : - Lindblad Resonance - Corotation Resonance D'Alembert rules : 0 0 c = (m + 1)λ − mλ − $ 0 L = (m + 1)λ − mλ − $ Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Corotation Resonance - Aegaeon (7/6) : c = 7λMimas − 6λAegaeon − $Mimas - Methone (14/15) : c = 15λMethone − 14λMimas − $Mimas - Anthe (10/11) : c = 11λAnthe − 10λMimas − $Mimas Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Corotation resonances Mean motion resonance : n1 = m+q n2 m Particular case : Lagrangian Equilibrium Points Maryame El Moutamid ESLAB-2012 | ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk Adam's ring and Galatea Maryame -
Disintegration of Active Asteroid P/2016 G1 (PANSTARRS) Olivier R
A&A 628, A48 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935868 Astronomy & © ESO 2019 Astrophysics Disintegration of active asteroid P/2016 G1 (PANSTARRS) Olivier R. Hainaut1, Jan T. Kleyna2, Karen J. Meech2, Mark Boslough3, Marco Micheli4,5, Richard Wainscoat2, Marielle Dela Cruz2, Jacqueline V. Keane2, Devendra K. Sahu6, and Bhuwan C. Bhatt6 1 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 3 University of NM – 1700 Lomas Blvd, NE. Suite 2200, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA 4 ESA SSA-NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy 5 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati, 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy 6 Indian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru 560 034, India Received 10 May 2019 / Accepted 26 June 2019 ABSTRACT We report on the catastrophic disintegration of P/2016 G1 (PANSTARRS), an active asteroid, in April 2016. Deep images over three months show that the object is made up of a central concentration of fragments surrounded by an elongated coma, and presents previously unreported sharp arc-like and narrow linear features. The morphology and evolution of these characteristics independently point toward a brief event on 2016 March 6. The arc and the linear feature can be reproduced by large particles on a ring, moving at ∼2:5 m s−1. The expansion of the ring defines a cone with a ∼40◦ half-opening. We propose that the P/2016 G1 was hit by a small object which caused its (partial or total) disruption, and that the ring corresponds to large fragments ejected during the final stages of the crater formation. -
Literature and Cartography in Early Modern Spain: Etymologies and Conjectures Simone Pinet
18 • Literature and Cartography in Early Modern Spain: Etymologies and Conjectures Simone Pinet By the time Don Quijote began to tilt at windmills, maps footprints they leave on the surface of the earth they and mapping had made great advances in most areas— touch, they become one with the maps of their voyages. administrative, logistic, diplomatic— of the Iberian To his housekeeper Don Quijote retorts, world.1 Lines of inquiry about literature and cartography Not all knights can be courtiers, nor can or should all in early modern Spanish literature converge toward courtiers be knights errant: of all there must be in the Miguel de Cervantes’ Don Quijote. The return to the world, and even if all of us are knights, there is a vast heroic age of the chivalric romance, with its mysterious difference between them, because the courtiers, with- geography, contrasted with Don Quijote’s meanderings out leaving their chambers or the thresholds of the around the Iberian peninsula, is especially ironic in view court, walk the whole world looking at a map, with- of what the author, a wounded veteran of military cam- out spending a penny, or suffering heat or cold, hunger paigns (including Lepanto, a battle seen in many maps or thirst; but we, the true knights errant, exposed to the and naval views, and his captivity in Algiers, with com- sun, the cold, the air, the merciless weather night and parable cartographic resonance), probably knew about day, on foot and on horseback, we measure the whole cartography. earth with our own feet, and we do not know the ene- 2 A determining proof of the relation and a fitting epi- mies merely in painting, but in their very being. -
2011-Summer.Pdf
BOWDOIN MAGAZINE VOL. 82 NO. 2 SUMMER 2011 BV O L . 8 2 N Oow . 2 S UMMER 2 0 1 1 doin STANDP U WITH ASOCIAL FOR THECLASSOF1961, BOWDOINISFOREVER CONSCIENCE JILLSHAWRUDDOCK’77 HARI KONDABOLU ’04 SLICINGTHEPIEFOR THE POWER OF COMEDY AS AN STUDENTACTIVITIES INSTRUMENT FOR CHANGE SUMMER 2011 CONTENTS BowdoinMAGAZINE 24 AGreatSecondHalf PHOTOGRAPHS BY FELICE BOUCHER In an interview that coincided with the opening of an exhibition of the Victoria and Albert’s English alabaster reliefs at the Bowdoin College Museum of Art last semester, Jill Shaw Ruddock ’77 talks about the goal of her new book, The Second Half of Your Life—to make the second half the best half. 30 FortheClassof1961,BowdoinisForever BY LISA WESEL • PHOTOGRAHS BY BOB HANDELMAN AND BRIAN WEDGE ’97 After 50 years as Bowdoin alumni, the Class of 1961 is a particularly close-knit group. Lisa Wesel spent time with a group of them talking about friendship, formative experi- ences, and the privilege of traveling a long road together. 36 StandUpWithaSocialConscience BY EDGAR ALLEN BEEM • PHOTOGRAPHS BY KARSTEN MORAN ’05 The Seattle Times has called Hari Kondabolu ’04 “a young man reaching for the hand-scalding torch of confrontational comics like Lenny Bruce and Richard Pryor.” Ed Beem talks to Hari about his journey from Queens to Brunswick and the power of comedy as an instrument of social change. 44 SlicingthePie BY EDGAR ALLEN BEEM • PHOTOGRAPHS BY DEAN ABRAMSON The Student Activity Fund Committee distributes funding of nearly $700,000 a year in support of clubs, entertainment, and community service. -
The Blurring Distinction Between Asteroids and Comets
Answers Research Journal 8 (2015):203–208. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v8/asteroids-and-comets.pdf The Blurring Distinction between Asteroids and Comets Danny R. Faulkner, Answers in Genesis, PO Box 510, Hebron, Kentucky, 41048. Abstract Asteroids and comets long had been viewed as distinct objects with regards to orbits and composition. However, discoveries made in recent years have blurred those distinctions. Whether there is a continuum on which our older conception of asteroids and comets are extremes or if there still is a gap between them is not entirely clear yet. Some of the newer views of comets and asteroids may challenge the evolutionary theory of the solar system. Additionally, the new information may challenge the idea that the solar system is billions of years old. For readers not versed in nomenclature of small solar system bodies, I discuss that in the appendix. Keywords: small solar system objects, comets, asteroids (minor planets) Introduction the sun, and their orbits frequently are inclined The differences between asteroids and comets considerably to the orbits of the planets. Because of At one time, we thought of asteroids and comets as their highly elliptical orbits, most comets alternately being two very different groups of objects. Comets and are very close to the sun when near perihelion and asteroids certainly looked different. Comets can be very far from the sun when near aphelion. Comets visible to the naked eye, and have been known since spend most of the time near aphelion far from the ancient times. They have a hazy, fuzzy appearance. sun, so that their ices remain frozen. -
Adaptive Optics Observations of Asteroid (216) Kleopatra
A&A 394, 339–343 (2002) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021094 & c ESO 2002 Astrophysics Research Note Adaptive optics observations of asteroid (216) Kleopatra D. Hestroffer1,F.Marchis2,, T. Fusco3, and J. Berthier1 1 IMCCE, UMR CNRS 8028, Paris Observatory, 77 Av. Denfert Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France 2 CFAO/University of California, Dept. of Astronomy, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 3 ONERA, DOTA-E, BP 72, 92322 Chˆatillon, France Received 22 March 2002 / Accepted 11 July 2002 Abstract. The large main-belt asteroid (216) Kleopatra has been for long suspected to be a binary object, mainly due to its large lightcurve amplitude. However, recent observations suggest that it is a single “bone-shaped” or bi-lobated body (Ostro et al. 2000; Tanga et al. 2001). We present results obtained from ground-based adaptive optics observations, and in agreement with the radar raw-observations, the images show two prominent lobes. Making use of the MISTRAL deconvolution technique, the restored images yield a well-separated binary object. Nevertheless, the spatial resolution of the 3.6 m ESO telescope is limited and a dumbbell-shaped body could yield similar features. Further simulations show that adaptive optics observations with an 8-meter class telescope analyzed with the powerful MISTRAL deconvolution technique could overcome this limitation. Key words. instrumentation: adaptive optics – minor planets, asteroids 1. Introduction provide additional constraints on collisional-evolution and binary-formation models. At the beginning of last century, by analyzing the asteroid Direct or indirect imaging of Kleopatra in the past showed (433) Eros, Andr´e made the hypothesis that asteroids could it to be a very elongated body but was not able to conclusively have satellites (Andr´e 1901). -
Asteroid Strike! Near-Earth Asteroids
Asteroid Attack! Asteroid Attack! asteroid 243 Ida A few years ago, astronomers discovered a mile-wide rock tumbling through space. At first, the scientists feared that the newly discovered space rock would plow into Earth on February 1, 2019. Scientists named the space rock NT7 and clocked its speed at 7 miles per second. The scientists thought the asteroid was heading straight for Earth! Asteroid Strike! A mile-wide asteroid could take out an entire continent, scientists say. Fearing the worst, scientists kept their eyes on NT7. They plotted its orbit, or path, around the sun. After watching NT7 for several weeks, scientists found out that NT7 would miss Earth on February 1, 2019. Near-Earth Asteroids ReadWorks.org Copyright © 2009 Weekly Reader Corporation. All rights reserved. Used by permission.Weekly Reader is a registered trademark of Weekly Reader Corporation. Asteroid Attack! Most asteroids orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter. NT7, however, is a near-Earth asteroid. Near-Earth asteroids orbit the sun close to Earth. NT7 orbits the sun once every 837 days. Its orbit sometimes takes NT7 as far from the sun as Mars. At other times, it is within Earth's orbit. Scientists know about nearly 350 near-Earth asteroids. They carefully map the orbits of those asteroids to make sure the asteroids don't come too close to our planet. Scientists say anywhere from 500 to 1,000 near-Earth asteroids are yet to be discovered. Scientists are searching the sky for them. They want to have plenty of warning if one comes too close. -
Occultation Newsletter Volume 8, Number 4
Volume 12, Number 1 January 2005 $5.00 North Am./$6.25 Other International Occultation Timing Association, Inc. (IOTA) In this Issue Article Page The Largest Members Of Our Solar System – 2005 . 4 Resources Page What to Send to Whom . 3 Membership and Subscription Information . 3 IOTA Publications. 3 The Offices and Officers of IOTA . .11 IOTA European Section (IOTA/ES) . .11 IOTA on the World Wide Web. Back Cover ON THE COVER: Steve Preston posted a prediction for the occultation of a 10.8-magnitude star in Orion, about 3° from Betelgeuse, by the asteroid (238) Hypatia, which had an expected diameter of 148 km. The predicted path passed over the San Francisco Bay area, and that turned out to be quite accurate, with only a small shift towards the north, enough to leave Richard Nolthenius, observing visually from the coast northwest of Santa Cruz, to have a miss. But farther north, three other observers video recorded the occultation from their homes, and they were fortuitously located to define three well- spaced chords across the asteroid to accurately measure its shape and location relative to the star, as shown in the figure. The dashed lines show the axes of the fitted ellipse, produced by Dave Herald’s WinOccult program. This demonstrates the good results that can be obtained by a few dedicated observers with a relatively faint star; a bright star and/or many observers are not always necessary to obtain solid useful observations. – David Dunham Publication Date for this issue: July 2005 Please note: The date shown on the cover is for subscription purposes only and does not reflect the actual publication date. -
Alexandre Amorim -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws
Alexandre Amorim (org) 2 3 PREFÁCIO O Boletim Observe! é uma iniciativa da Coordenação de Observação Astronômica do Núcleo de Estudo e Observação Astronômica “José Brazilício de Souza” (NEOA-JBS). Durante a reunião administrativa do NEOA-JBS em maio de 2010 foi apresentada a edição de Junho de 2010 para apreciação dos demais coordenadores do Núcleo onde houve aprovação unânime em usar o Boletim Observe! como veículo de informação das atividades e, principalmente, observações astronômicas. O Boletim Observe! é publicado mensalmente em formato eletrônico ou impresso separadamente, prezando pela simplicidade das informações e encorajando os leitores a observar, registrar e publicar os eventos astronômicos. Desde a sua primeira edição o Boletim Observe! conta com a colaboração espontânea de diversos astrônomos amadores e profissionais. Toda edição do Observe! do mês de dezembro é publicado um índice dos artigos do respectivo ano. Porém, desde aquela edição de Junho de 2010 foram publicados centenas de artigos e faz-se necessário consultar assuntos que foram tratados nas edições anteriores do Observe! e seus respectivos autores. Para isso publicaremos anualmente esse Índice de Assuntos, permitindo a consulta rápida dos temas abordados. Florianópolis, 1º de dezembro de 2018 Alexandre Amorim Coordenação de Observação Astronômica do NEOA-JBS 4 Ano I (2010) Nº 1 – Junho 2010 Eclipse da Lua em 26 de junho de 2010 Amorim, A. Júpiter sem a Banda Equatorial Sul Amorim, A. Conjunção entre Júpiter e Urano Amorim, A. Causos do Avelino Alves, A. A. Quem foi Eugênia de Bessa? Amorim, A. Nº 2 – Julho 2010 Aprendendo a dimensionar as distâncias angulares no céu Neves, M. -
Comet Section Observing Guide
Comet Section Observing Guide 1 The British Astronomical Association Comet Section www.britastro.org/comet BAA Comet Section Observing Guide Front cover image: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) by Geoffrey Johnstone on 1997 April 10. Back cover image: C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) by Lester Barnes on 2011 December 23. © The British Astronomical Association 2018 2018 December (rev 4) 2 CONTENTS 1 Foreword .................................................................................................................................. 6 2 An introduction to comets ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Anatomy and origins ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 Naming .............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Comet orbits ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.4 Orbit evolution .................................................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Magnitudes ........................................................................................................................................ 18 3 Basic visual observation ........................................................................................................