Descendancy Narrative of Wédric I, Lord d'Avesnes

Wédric I, Lord d'Avesnes (Roderick W. Stuart, Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA:

Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992), Page 32, Line 50-31.). Born: before 1020 at Carthage, Tunisia Wédric I is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the time his son Wadric was born. Married before 1039 at France: N. de Chièvres.

1 Wadric, Seigneur d'Avesnes (André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). AKA: Wédric II, Seigneur de Condé (Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Wédric II, Seigneur de Leuze (Ibid.). AKA: Wédric II, Seigneur d'Avesnes (Ibid.). Born: before 1039 at Avesnes, Flandre, France, son of Wédric I, Lord d'Avesnes and N. de Chièvres, Wadric is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Ade was born. Married before 1053: N? N?

1.1 Adé=Ide d'Avesnes (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-31.). Married Name: d'Oisy. Born: in 1054 at Da Fearta, Ireland, daughter of Wadric, Seigneur d'Avesnes and N? N? (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1070: Fastre d'Oisy (The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Idam, germanam Theoderic de Asvensis" as wife of "Fastredus") (Information posted on the Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_ftn496.).

1.1.1 Fastré II d'Oisy (Fastré II was an avowed of Tournai) (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-30.) (Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Contenant lesa Généalogies, l'Histoire et la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France in Volumes, 1 to 15 (Seconde Édition; Rue St-Jacques, Paris: Antoine Boudet, Libraire-Imprimeur du Roi, (1770 - 1786)), Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). AKA: Fastre, Steward de Doornick. Born: in 1075 at France, son of Fastre d'Oisy and Adé=Ide d'Avesnes (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1090: Richilde N? Died: in 1111 at Belgium Fastre was alive in January 1111.

1.1.1.1 Sarah d'Oisy (Ibid.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 1091, daughter of Fastré II d'Oisy and Richilde N?, Sarah is presumed to have been at least 14 yearsold when she was married to Gossuin (Ibid.). Married in 1105: Gossuin N? (Ibid.).

1.1.1.2 Aelis d'Oisy. Married: Arnoul [III], Seigneur de la Hamaïde. Married Name: de la Hamaïde. Born: circa 1100, daughter of Fastré II d'Oisy and Richilde N?

1.1.1.3 Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais (Gautier was an avowed of Tournay / Tournais) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La

Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). AKA: Wautier I d'Oisy. Also Known As: Gautier "Le Beau" (Ibid.). Born: in 1110 at France, son of Fastré II d'Oisy and Richilde N?, Gautier I dropped the name d'Oissy and took up the name d'Avesnes. Married before 1115 at Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium: Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut,, daughter of Évrard I, Duke de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut and Francka N? AKA: Walter I, Seigneur de Leuse. AKA: Wautier, Seigneur de Condé The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Galterum…germani sui [=Gosceguinus] Fastradi filium", specifying that his paternal uncle appointed him as his successor, and that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense totamque pene regionem illam que dicitur Bracbantus." AKA: Gautier I, Seigneur d'Avesnes The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Galterum… germani sui [=Gosceguinus] Fastradi filium", specifying that his paternal uncle appointed him as his successor, and that he succeeded in "castrum Avesniense totamque pene regionem illam que dicitur Bracbantus" (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-29.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981), Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Died: in 1147 at France.

1.1.1.3.1 Thierry d'Avesnes (Thierry was disinherited from the Seigneurie d'Avesnes) (Abbott, Page 560.). AKA: Thierri II d'Avesnes (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Thierry d'Oisy. Born: circa 1115, son of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut. Married circa 1115: Richilde de Hainaut,, daughter of Baudouin III, Count de Hainaut and Yolande de Gueldre. Died: circa 1116.

1.1.1.3.1.1 Évrard=Radoul=Kadoul d'Avesnes (Ibid.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Évrard=Radoul=Kadoul, Châtelain de Tournay (Ibid.). AKA: Évrard=Radoul=Kadoul, Seigneur de Mortaigne (Ibid.). Born: before 1116, son of Thierry d'Avesnes and Richilde de Hainaut (Ibid.). Died: in 1180 at Mortaigne Évrard founded a College for Canons (of the Church) at Mallemaison, near Mortaigne. He did not inherit any part of the Avesnes lands or any holdings of House Avesnes because Baudoin, Comte de Mons, disinherited his father (Ibid.). 1.1.1.3.2 Pétronelle d'Avesnes (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours; 9 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). AKA: Pétronille d'Avesnes. Married Name: van Peteghem. Born: between 1116 and 1131, daughter of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut, Pétronelle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Jean I. Married before 1146 at France: Johan I van Peteghem,, son of Ingelbert IV van Peteghem and N? van Aalst. Married before 1154: Roger de Landas. Married Name: de Landas. Died: after 1174.

1.1.1.3.2.1 Johan II van Peteghem (Paul Theroff, posts, 09 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). AKA: Jean II de Cysoing. Born: before 1151, son of Johan I van Peteghem and Pétronelle d'Avesnes. Married before 1191 at Belgium: Mabile de Guînes,, daughter of Baudouin II, Comte de Guînes and Christine d'Ardres. Died: after 1220 Johan II was alive in the year 1220.

1.1.1.3.2.1.1 Gilles van Peteghem (Ibid.). Born: before 1198, son of Johan II van Peteghem and Mabile de Guînes. Died: after 1207 Gilles was alive in the year 1207.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2 John III van Peteghem (Ibid.). AKA: Jean III de Cysoing. Born: before 1199, son of Johan II van Peteghem and Mabile de Guînes, John III is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter, Katharina, was born. Married before Oct 1214: Maria N? Died: after 1240 John III was alive in the year 1240.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.1 Katharina van Peteghem (Ibid.). Married Name: van Schelderode. Born: before 1214, daughter of John III van Peteghem and Maria N? Married before 1252: Gerhard II van Schelderode. Died: after 1252 Katharina was alive in the year 1252.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.2 Maria van Peteghem (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Antoing. Born: before 1215 at Belgium, daughter of John III van Peteghem and Maria N? Married before 1255: Hughes II, Comte d'Antoing (Maria was Hughes II's second wife).

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.3 Katharina van Peteghem (Paul Theroff, posts, 09 September 1994 at 02:04 Hours.). Married Name: van Voorne. Born: before 1216 at Belgium, daughter of John III van Peteghem and Maria N?, Katharina is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Henrik. Married in 1231 at Belgium: Henrik van Voorne.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.4 Gilles van Peteghem (Ibid.). Born: before 1247, son of John III van Peteghem and Maria N? Died: after 1257 Gilles was alive in the year 1257.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.5 Arnold I van Peteghem (Ibid.). AKA: Arnoul I de Cysoing. Born: before 1248, son of John III van Peteghem and Maria N? Died: after 1257 Arnold I was alive in the year 1257. Married before 1264: Sybille N?

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.5.1 Hellin I van Peteghem (Ibid.). AKA: Hélie I de Cysoing. Born: before 1265, son of Arnold I van Peteghem and Sybille N?, Hellin I Is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Died: circa 1285.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.5.2 John van Peteghem (Ibid.). AKA: Jean de Templemars. Born: before 1266, son of Arnold I van Peteghem and Sybille N? Died: after 1286 John was alive in the year 1286.

1.1.1.3.2.1.2.6 Jakob van Peteghem (Ibid.). AKA: Jakob d'Angreau. AKA: Jakob de Templemars. Born: before 1249, son of John III van Peteghem and Maria N?, Jakob is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Died: after 1257 Jakob was alive in the year 1257.

1.1.1.3.2.1.3 John van Peteghem. Born: before 1200 at Belgium, son of Johan II van Peteghem and Mabile de Guînes. Died: after 1251 John was alive in the year 1251.

1.1.1.3.2.1.4 Péronne van Peteghem (Ibid.). Born: before 1201 at Belgium, daughter of Johan II van Peteghem and Mabile de Guînes, Péronne is presumed to have been born before her father was 50 years of age. Died: after 1226 Pétonne was alive in the year 1226.

1.1.1.3.2.2 Joanna van Peteghem (Ibid.). Married Name: de Hainaut. Born: before 1152, daughter of Johan I van Peteghem and Pétronelle d'Avesnes. Married before 1192 at Belgium: Henri de Hainaut,, son of Baudouin IV, Comte de Hainaut and Alice=Ermesende de Namur (Joanna was the first of Henri's two wives).

1.1.1.3.2.3 Élisabeth de Lambersart (André Roux: Scrolls, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: de Nesle. AKA: Elizabeth van Peteghem. Born: before 1153 at France, daughter of Johan I van Peteghem and Pétronelle d'Avesnes. Married before 1170 at France: Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle,, son of Raoul II de Nesle and Gertrude d'Alsace. Died: after 1237 Élisabeth was alive in the year 1237.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1 Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 236.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 at 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (Ibid.). AKA: Gertrude de Nesle. Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. Married Name: de Mello. Born: before 1171 at France, daughter of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle and Élisabeth de Lambersart, If the sources claiming this Gertrude was the mother of Baudouin are correct, then she is is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when her son, Baudouin, was born. MaterAlter: before 1173 Baudouin, Burggrave de Doornick/Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle. Married before 1200 at France: Renaud de Mello (Renaud was Gertrude's first husband). Married before 1203 at France: Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis,, son of Simon, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Mahaut de Breteuil (Raoul I was Gertrude's second husband. Her male descendants from this marriage became seigneurs de Nesle). Died: after Jun 1239.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.1 Renaud Geoffroi de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Renaud, Pair de France (Ibid.). AKA: Renaud, Comte & Bishop de Beauvais (Ibid.). Born: before 1210, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle. Died: in 1236 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.2 Jean de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). Born: before 1211 at France, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle, Jean was born before his brother Simon II. Died: circa 1236.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3 Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Simon II was the Regent of the Kingdom while King Louis IX undertook a crusade in Africa in 1270. King Louis Philippe named him a Guard and Defender of the Kingdom) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140, 168.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). AKA: Simon, Châtelain de Bruges (Abbott, Page 123.). AKA: Simon, Seigneur de Nesle de Néelle (Ibid.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). AKA: Simon II, Seigneur d'Ailly d'Ailly=d'Ailli (Ibid.). Born: before 1212 at France, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle, Simon II was born before his brother Raoul II. Married in Jan 1242 at France: Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury,, daughter of Amaury VI/VII, Count de Montfort and Béatrix d'Albon-Viennois (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Died: either 1 Feb 1286 or 1288 at France E.S. [via Paul Theroff] and André Roux indicate Simon II died in 1296, but Abbott and the Dictionnaire claim he died in 1288.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.1 Raoul III de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Raoul II/III was Constable of France in 1287, and known for his great services to King Philippe Le Hardi and then to King Philippe Le Bel) (André Roux: Scrolls, 94, 140.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4),

MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Married Name: Raoul, Vicomte de Châteaudun. AKA: Raoul II, Châtelain de Bruges (Abbott, Page 123.). AKA: Raoul, Connétable de France Raoul was Supreme Commander of the French armies (Ibid.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). AKA: Raoul II, Seigneur de Nesle Nesle - Néelle (Ibid.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Born: between 1243 and 1258 at France, son of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, Raoul is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Yolande. Married before 1268 at France: Alix=Yolande, Vicomtess de Châteaudun,, daughter of Robert I de Dreux and Clémence, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun (Alix was Raoul III's first wife). Married on 14 Jan 1296: Isabelle de Hainaut,, daughter of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg (Isabelle was Raoul III's second wife) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Died: on 11 Jul 1302 at Courtrai, Kortrijk, Courtrai, Flandre Occidentale, Belgium, Raoul III was killed in action in the Battle of Courtrai, which was a military engagement that occurred on 11 July 1302, near the town of Courtrai (also called Kortrijk), in the province of West Flanders in Belgium. In May 1302 the Flemings arose in revolt against King Philip of France, who had imprisoned their Count and annexed his lands. Courtrai was one of the few towns the French succeeded in retaining. The Flemish army fell back to Courtrai when Count Robert of Artois invaded the country with a royal French army, composed of the feudal array of north France, Italian mercenaries and Gascon javelin soldiers. The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch: Guldensporenslag, French: Bataille des éperons d’or or Battle of Courtrai) was fought on 11 July 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders. The ferocious Flemish mercenaries who plagued England in the twelfth century had long since faded from the scene. The infantry troops of fourteenth-century Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres were quite different from their predecessors. Organized largely along guild lines into regular, uniformed militias, they were surprisingly well equipped, typically protected by mail haubergeons, steel helmets, gauntlets, shields, and often even coats of plates, and armed with bows, crossbows, pikes, orgoedendags. These unique weapons (the name means ‘hello’ or ‘good day’) consisted of a thick, heavy wooden staff four to five feet in length, tipped with a lethal steel spike. Many of the militiamen thus armed had seen repeated service during the last decade of the previous century, thanks to the frequent conflicts between Flanders, Hainault, and Holland, and deserve to be considered veterans. Their experiences in those campaigns, however, did not include anything like what they had to face on the hot summer afternoon of 11 July 1302. In that year the cities of Flanders, with the exception of Ghent, were in rebellion against the King of France, who had therefore dispatched an army of 2,500 men- at-arms and 8,000 infantry to break their siege of Courtrai castle, rescue the beleaguered French garrison, and suppress the revolt. King Philip probably did not anticipate that this task would involve a battle, for the Capetian army was incomparably superior to the Flemings in men-at-arms, and heavy cavalry was the acknowledged arbiter of battlefield victory or defeat. Yet, when the French troopers approached the encircled town, their enemies did not flee before them or retire behind protective fortifications. Instead, they withdrew to a carefully selected position on marshy ground outside the city, a spot where streams and ditches posed an obstacle to any attacker and protected their flanks, then drew up in battle formations with the River Lys at their backs and stood ready to greet their adversaries. The communal infantry were ordered in four divisions, with three in line and a fourth in reserve positioned to block a sally by the besieged garrison. The soldiers were packed into a dense array, about eight deep, grouped by region and craft so that each man knew his comrades well, a factor understood to enhance morale and cohesion. Their goedendags, supplemented by longer pikes in the foremost row, made a bristling hedge of wood and steel in front of them. Broad rectangular banners marked the positions of the various guilds here a hammer, there a mason’s trowel, over there a ship. Farther forward towards the French, archers and crossbowmen were dispersed. The resolute appearance of the militiamen was enough to give pause to some of their enemies. Ina council of war, one French leader suggested breaking up the Flemish formation with crossbow fire; another advised simply letting the townsmen stay where they were until they were exhausted by standing, fully armed, in the hot sun. The majority, however, saw the situation as an unexpected opportunity to gain a decisive victory of just the sort of which Dubois had lamented the rarity. They insisted on a quick attack, lest the Flemings change their minds. So, early in the afternoon, the crossbowmen of the Capetian host advanced to engage their opposite numbers with long-range missile fire. They had largely succeeded in driving the Flemish skirmishers back behind the shelter of the heavy infantry when Robert of Artois, the French commander, ordered his cavalry forward. Aside from their lances and swords and the great helms which covered their entire faces, the French men-at-arms were not equipped very differently from the men who awaited them on foot. There were, however, two critically important distinctions between the forces about to come to blows. First, the men-at-arms, whether knights or esquires, were nobles, members of the second order, the bellatores, whose primary raison d’etre (according to medieval political theory) was making war. Second, they were mounted on large, powerful warhorses, protected by ‘trappers’ of thick-quilted cloth, or even by mail, and painstakingly trained to charge straight forward even into a seemingly solid line of men or other horses. The stallions, like the proud men atop them, had come to assume that infantry would not stand against them, that the wall of flesh and bone which stood facing them would dissolve before they smashed into it. Then, once they had broken into the enemy formation, the men-at-arms would be riding high above a milling mass of panicky shopkeepers and artisans, who would benefit from their numbers no more than a dozen sheep beset by four wolves. The same images would doubtless have run through the minds of many of the militiamen. Yet these were not raw levies with no experience of war, and they knew that, with a river at their backs, they could not save themselves by flight. They had nothing to gain by breaking their formation, and everything to lose, for everyone knew that an unwavering array was the key to victory. So they stood steady in their tightly formed ranks: they stood and watched the chivalry of the most powerful nation in Europe form into line, banners and pennons unfurled, trumpets blaring, steel flashing. It is difficult to imagine the sound of 2,500 heavy horses trotting forward all at once, but surely the thunder of their hooves, blended into a cacophonous din with the war cries of the riders Montjoye! St Denis!- must have struck the motionless infantrymen with an almost physical impact. Some of the knights and esquires may also have had to struggle with fear as they rode forward, locked into their places in the French line, like the men-at-arms described in the fourteenth-century The Vow of the Heron: When we are in taverns, drinking strong wines, at our sides the ladies we desire, looking on, with their smooth throats. . . their grey eyes shining back with smiling beauty, Nature calls on us to have desiring hearts, to struggle, awaiting [their] thanks at the end. Then we could conquer… Oliver and Roland. But when we are in the field, on our galloping chargers, our shields ’round our necks and lances lowered … and our enemies are approaching us, then we would rather be deep in some cavern. More, however, probably experienced emotions more like those described by Jean de Bueil in the fifteenth century: It is a joyous thing, war. . . You love your comrade so much in war. . . A great sweet feeling of loyalty and of pity fills your heart on seeing your friend so valiantly exposing his body . . . And then you are prepared to go and live or die with him, and for love not to abandon him. And out of that, there arises such a delectation, that he who has not experienced it is not fit to say what delight is. Do you think that a man who does that fears death? Not at all, for he feels so strengthened, so elated, that he does not know where he is. Truly he is afraid of nothing. Caught up both emotionally and physically in the onrush of their line, the French cavalrymen jumped the brooks in front of them at speed, then roared forward. Some stumbled and went down, for the ground was very muddy and criss- crossed with irrigation ditches and trench-naps dug by the Flemings. The horsemen drew nearer and nearer to a collision, accelerating to a gallop from about fifty yards out. When they saw that the line of infantry did not break, did not waver, some of the men-at-arms must have lost their nerve at the last minute, and tried to nun aside before impaling themselves and their hones. Formed as they were into a tight line, however, this would only have produced chaos, for turning aside meant running into their comrades next to them, and perhaps being struck by the second line coming up behind them. Others, confident to the last or simply beyond caring, pressed on until their mounts hit the pikes which the militiamen held with their butts firmly grounded in the earth. Some of the Flemings went down, pierced by a knight’s lance or trampled under a destriers metal-shod hooves, but with eight-deep files the fallen could rapidly be replaced and the line restored. The French charge collapsed into a jumbled mass of screaming horses, cursing men, spraying blood, and splintered wood. After a period of confused melee, the militiamen went over to the attack They outnumbered the cavalrymen several times over, and still had their formation intact; the men-at-arms, on the other hand, were demoralized and had lost their cohesion and momentum. The Frenchmen were driven back, despite a counterattack by their reserve which almost succeeded in turning the tide of the battle. When the retreating horsemen backed up against banks of the brooks which they had crossed with some difficulty in their advance, their situation became desperate. Those who survived soon fled, followed by the panicked footmen of the Capetian host, who had no stomach to face the men who had just defeated their masters. The Flemings pursued on foot as best they could, striking down whatever fugitives they laid their hands on. Over a thousand noble men-at-arms perished in this battle, ‘the glory of France made into dung and worms’, a proportion which would have been considered terribly high even in the American Civil War or the Great War, and which was absolutely stunning in an era more accustomed to the low casualties of battles like Bremule or Lincoln. The large numbers of golden spurs that were collected from the French knights gave the battle its name; at least a thousand noble cavaliers were killed, some contemporary accounts placing the total casualties at over ten thousand dead and wounded. The French spurs were hung in the Church of Our Lady in Kortrijk to commemorate the victory, and were taken back by the French two years later after the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle. Some of the notable casualties: * Robert II, Count of Artois, the French commander * Raoul II of Clermont, Lord of Nesle, Constable of France * Guy I of Clermont, Lord of Breteuil, Marshal of France * Simon de Melun, Lord of La Loupe and Marcheville, Marshal of France * John I of Ponthieu, Count of Aumale * John of Trie, Count of Dammartin * John II of Brienne, Count of Eu * John d’Avesnes, Count of Ostrevant * Godfrey of Brabant, Lord of Aarschot * Jacques de Châtillon, Lord of Leuze * Pierre de Flotte, Chief Advisor to Philip IV the Fair. The battle is more important from the military than the political point of view; for it demonstrated that determined pikemen were more than a match for unsupported cavalry. In the Battle of Courtrai, the civic infantry militias of the allied communes, deployed in a dense, eight-deep formation, soundly defeated the King of France’s knightly army. In the following decades, in what was to become Switzerland, the peasant communities of three mountain and forest cantons defeated the German nobility’s attempt to subjugate them, an achievement that was, of course, facilitated by the nature of the landscape. The mountain people then allied with the city-states of the plain, and the Swiss mass infantry armies, fighting in dense formation, destroyed every knightly force that took the open field against them. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries these armies would go on to become the supreme infantry and terror of the European battlefields. Though the winning army was well armed, the initial uprising was nonetheless a folk uprising. Eventually, however, the Flemish nobles did take their part in the battle — each of the Flemish leaders were of the nobility or descended from nobility, and some 400 of noble blood did fight on the Flemish side. It represented the first major victory of infantry over mounted warriors since Adrianople, 1,000 years before.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.1.1 Alix de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (André Roux: Scrolls, 118, 140.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). AKA: Alix de Beaumont. AKA: Alix, Comtesse de Dunois (Abbott, Page 102.). AKA: Alix, Dame de Bruges (Abbott, Page 123.). Married Name: de Flandre. AKA: Alix, Vicomtesse de Châteaudun (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Alix, Dame de Nesle de Nesle=de Néelle (Abbott, Page 123.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Alix, Dame de Montdoubleau (Ibid.). Born: before 1269, daughter of Raoul III de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Yolande, Vicomtess de Châteaudun, Alix is presumed to have been at least 17 years of age when she married Guillaume. Married in 1286: Guillaume, Comte de Flandre,, son of Gui de Dampierre and Mahaut=Mathilde, Dame de Béthune (Guillaume was Alix's first husband). Died: in 1330.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.1.2 Isabeau de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Montfort-le-Rotrou. Born: between 1297 and 1299 at France, daughter of Raoul III de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Isabelle de Hainaut, Isabeau was born before her sister Béatrix. Married before 1324: Hughes, Seigneur de Montfort-le-Rotrou. Died: after Aug 1324.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.1.3 Béatrice=Jeanne de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Married Name: de Valence. AKA: Béatrix=Jeanne de Clermont-Néelle (Ibid.). Born: between 1297 and 1300 at France, daughter of Raoul III de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Isabelle de Hainaut, Béatrice is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when she married Aymar. Married before 1310 at France: Aymar II, Sire de Valence,, son of Guillaume de Valence and Joan de Munchenay (Béatrice was Aymar's first wife). Died: circa 1320.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.2 Béatrix de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Married Name: de Lille. Born: between 1243 and 1269 at France, daughter of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Jean IV. Married before Nov 1279 at France: Jean IV, Châtelain de Lille,, son of Jean III, Châtelain de Lille and N? N?

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.2.1 Guyotte, Dame de Lille (Abbott, Page 298.). Married Name: de Luxembourg. Born: circa 1279 at Lille, Pas-de-Calais, Artois, France, daughter of Jean IV, Châtelain de Lille and Béatrix de Clermont-en- Beauvaisis. Married before 1300: Walram, Comte de Luxembourg,, son of Walram de Luxembourg and Jeanne de Beauvoir.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.2.2 Jean V, Châtelain de Lille (Ibid.). Born: before 1282 at Lille, Pas-de-Calais, Artois, France, son of Jean IV, Châtelain de Lille and Béatrix de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, Jean V is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Died: in 1302 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.3 Simon de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Simon, Paid de France (Ibid.). AKA: Simon, Bishop & Comte de Beauvais (Ibid.). Born: between 1243 and 1275 at France, son of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, Simon is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died, and was born after his brother Raoul III. Died: on 22 Dec 1312 (Ibid.). 1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.4 N? de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). AKA: N?, Abbess de Paraclet. Born: between 1243 and 1277 at France, daughter of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, She was born after her sister Béatrix and before her sister Isabelle.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.5 Amaury de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Amauri was a Canon of Beauvais, and Prévôt de Lille, in Flanders) (Ibid.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Occupation: Amaury was a priest. Born: between 1244 and 1278 at France, son of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, Amaury was born after his brother Simon.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.6 Isabelle de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). Died: at Beaulieu, France, Isabelle was a nun at Beaulieu. Born: between 1244 and 1278 at France, daughter of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, Isabelle was born before her sister Aélis.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.7 Guy I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Gui was a Canon of Beauvais and Maréchal de France before 1296) (André Roux: Scrolls, 140.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 634, 635.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.) (Ibid.). AKA: Guy, Maréchal de France (Abbott, Page 123.). AKA: Guy, Seigneur de Breteuil (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 634, 638.). AKA: Gui, Seigneur d'Offémont Seigneur d'Ossemont by marriage (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Gui, dit de Néelle (Ibid.). Born: between 1245 and 1279 at France, son of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury, Guy I is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his son Raoul was born, and Guy I was born after his brother Amaury. Married before 1300 at France: Marguerite de Torote,, daughter of Ansoult II de Torote and Jeanne N? (Marguerite was Guy I's second wife). Died: on 11 Jul 1302 at Courtrai, Kortrijk, Courtrai, Flandre Occidentale, Belgium, Guy I was killed in action. Battle of Courtrai, was a military engagement that occurred on 11 July 1302, near the town of Courtrai (also called Kortrijk), in the province of West Flanders in Belgium. In May 1302 the Flemings arose in revolt against King Philip of France, who had imprisoned their Count and annexed his lands. Courtrai was one of the few towns the French succeeded in retaining. The Flemish army fell back to Courtrai when Count Robert of Artois invaded the country with a royal French army, composed of the feudal array of north France, Italian mercenaries and Gascon javelin soldiers. The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch: Guldensporenslag, French: Bataille des éperons d’or or Battle of Courtrai) was fought on 11 July 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders. The ferocious Flemish mercenaries who plagued England in the twelfth century had long since faded from the scene. The infantry troops of fourteenth-century Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres were quite different from their predecessors. Organized largely along guild lines into regular, uniformed militias, they were surprisingly well equipped, typically protected by mail haubergeons, steel helmets, gauntlets, shields, and often even coats of plates, and armed with bows, crossbows, pikes, orgoedendags. These unique weapons (the name means ‘hello’ or ‘good day’) consisted of a thick, heavy wooden staff four to five feet in length, tipped with a lethal steel spike. Many of the militiamen thus armed had seen repeated service during the last decade of the previous century, thanks to the frequent conflicts between Flanders, Hainault, and Holland, and deserve to be considered veterans. Their experiences in those campaigns, however, did not include anything like what they had to face on the hot summer afternoon of 11 July 1302. In that year the cities of Flanders, with the exception of Ghent, were in rebellion against the King of France, who had therefore dispatched an army of 2,500 men- at-arms and 8,000 infantry to break their siege of Courtrai castle, rescue the beleaguered French garrison, and suppress the revolt. King Philip probably did not anticipate that this task would involve a battle, for the Capetian army was incomparably superior to the Flemings in men-at-arms, and heavy cavalry was the acknowledged arbiter of battlefield victory or defeat. Yet, when the French troopers approached the encircled town, their enemies did not flee before them or retire behind protective fortifications. Instead, they withdrew to a carefully selected position on marshy ground outside the city, a spot where streams and ditches posed an obstacle to any attacker and protected their flanks, then drew up in battle formations with the River Lys at their backs and stood ready to greet their adversaries. The communal infantry were ordered in four divisions, with three in line and a fourth in reserve positioned to block a sally by the besieged garrison. The soldiers were packed into a dense array, about eight deep, grouped by region and craft so that each man knew his comrades well, a factor understood to enhance morale and cohesion. Their goedendags, supplemented by longer pikes in the foremost row, made a bristling hedge of wood and steel in front of them. Broad rectangular banners marked the positions of the various guilds here a hammer, there a mason’s trowel, over there a ship. Farther forward towards the French, archers and crossbowmen were dispersed. The resolute appearance of the militiamen was enough to give pause to some of their enemies. Ina council of war, one French leader suggested breaking up the Flemish formation with crossbow fire; another advised simply letting the townsmen stay where they were until they were exhausted by standing, fully armed, in the hot sun. The majority, however, saw the situation as an unexpected opportunity to gain a decisive victory of just the sort of which Dubois had lamented the rarity. They insisted on a quick attack, lest the Flemings change their minds. So, early in the afternoon, the crossbowmen of the Capetian host advanced to engage their opposite numbers with long-range missile fire. They had largely succeeded in driving the Flemish skirmishers back behind the shelter of the heavy infantry when Robert of Artois, the French commander, ordered his cavalry forward. Aside from their lances and swords and the great helms which covered their entire faces, the French men-at-arms were not equipped very differently from the men who awaited them on foot. There were, however, two critically important distinctions between the forces about to come to blows. First, the men-at-arms, whether knights or esquires, were nobles, members of the second order, the bellatores, whose primary raison d’etre (according to medieval political theory) was making war. Second, they were mounted on large, powerful warhorses, protected by ‘trappers’ of thick-quilted cloth, or even by mail, and painstakingly trained to charge straight forward even into a seemingly solid line of men or other horses. The stallions, like the proud men atop them, had come to assume that infantry would not stand against them, that the wall of flesh and bone which stood facing them would dissolve before they smashed into it. Then, once they had broken into the enemy formation, the men-at-arms would be riding high above a milling mass of panicky shopkeepers and artisans, who would benefit from their numbers no more than a dozen sheep beset by four wolves. The same images would doubtless have run through the minds of many of the militiamen. Yet these were not raw levies with no experience of war, and they knew that, with a river at their backs, they could not save themselves by flight. They had nothing to gain by breaking their formation, and everything to lose, for everyone knew that an unwavering array was the key to victory. So they stood steady in their tightly formed ranks: they stood and watched the chivalry of the most powerful nation in Europe form into line, banners and pennons unfurled, trumpets blaring, steel flashing. It is difficult to imagine the sound of 2,500 heavy horses trotting forward all at once, but surely the thunder of their hooves, blended into a cacophonous din with the war cries of the riders Montjoye! St Denis!- must have struck the motionless infantrymen with an almost physical impact. Some of the knights and esquires may also have had to struggle with fear as they rode forward, locked into their places in the French line, like the men-at-arms described in the fourteenth-century The Vow of the Heron: When we are in taverns, drinking strong wines, at our sides the ladies we desire, looking on, with their smooth throats. . . their grey eyes shining back with smiling beauty, Nature calls on us to have desiring hearts, to struggle, awaiting [their] thanks at the end. Then we could conquer… Oliver and Roland. But when we are in the field, on our galloping chargers, our shields ’round our necks and lances lowered … and our enemies are approaching us, then we would rather be deep in some cavern. More, however, probably experienced emotions more like those described by Jean de Bueil in the fifteenth century: It is a joyous thing, war. . . You love your comrade so much in war. . . A great sweet feeling of loyalty and of pity fills your heart on seeing your friend so valiantly exposing his body . . . And then you are prepared to go and live or die with him, and for love not to abandon him. And out of that, there arises such a delectation, that he who has not experienced it is not fit to say what delight is. Do you think that a man who does that fears death? Not at all, for he feels so strengthened, so elated, that he does not know where he is. Truly he is afraid of nothing. Caught up both emotionally and physically in the onrush of their line, the French cavalrymen jumped the brooks in front of them at speed, then roared forward. Some stumbled and went down, for the ground was very muddy and criss- crossed with irrigation ditches and trench-naps dug by the Flemings. The horsemen drew nearer and nearer to a collision, accelerating to a gallop from about fifty yards out. When they saw that the line of infantry did not break, did not waver, some of the men-at-arms must have lost their nerve at the last minute, and tried to nun aside before impaling themselves and their hones. Formed as they were into a tight line, however, this would only have produced chaos, for turning aside meant running into their comrades next to them, and perhaps being struck by the second line coming up behind them. Others, confident to the last or simply beyond caring, pressed on until their mounts hit the pikes which the militiamen held with their butts firmly grounded in the earth. Some of the Flemings went down, pierced by a knight’s lance or trampled under a destriers metal-shod hooves, but with eight-deep files the fallen could rapidly be replaced and the line restored. The French charge collapsed into a jumbled mass of screaming horses, cursing men, spraying blood, and splintered wood. After a period of confused melee, the militiamen went over to the attack They outnumbered the cavalrymen several times over, and still had their formation intact; the men-at-arms, on the other hand, were demoralized and had lost their cohesion and momentum. The Frenchmen were driven back, despite a counterattack by their reserve which almost succeeded in turning the tide of the battle. When the retreating horsemen backed up against banks of the brooks which they had crossed with some difficulty in their advance, their situation became desperate. Those who survived soon fled, followed by the panicked footmen of the Capetian host, who had no stomach to face the men who had just defeated their masters. The Flemings pursued on foot as best they could, striking down whatever fugitives they laid their hands on. Over a thousand noble men-at-arms perished in this battle, ‘the glory of France made into dung and worms’, a proportion which would have been considered terribly high even in the American Civil War or the Great War, and which was absolutely stunning in an era more accustomed to the low casualties of battles like Bremule or Lincoln. The large numbers of golden spurs that were collected from the French knights gave the battle its name; at least a thousand noble cavaliers were killed, some contemporary accounts placing the total casualties at over ten thousand dead and wounded. The French spurs were hung in the Church of Our Lady in Kortrijk to commemorate the victory, and were taken back by the French two years later after the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle. Some of the notable casualties: * Robert II, Count of Artois, the French commander * Raoul II of Clermont, Lord of Nesle, Constable of France * Guy I of Clermont, Lord of Breteuil, Marshal of France * Simon de Melun, Lord of La Loupe and Marcheville, Marshal of France * John I of Ponthieu, Count of Aumale * John of Trie, Count of Dammartin * John II of Brienne, Count of Eu * John d’Avesnes, Count of Ostrevant * Godfrey of Brabant, Lord of Aarschot * Jacques de Châtillon, Lord of Leuze * Pierre de Flotte, Chief Advisor to Philip IV the Fair. The battle is more important from the military than the political point of view; for it demonstrated that determined pikemen were more than a match for unsupported cavalry. In the Battle of Courtrai, the civic infantry militias of the allied communes, deployed in a dense, eight-deep formation, soundly defeated the King of France’s knightly army. In the following decades, in what was to become Switzerland, the peasant communities of three mountain and forest cantons defeated the German nobility’s attempt to subjugate them, an achievement that was, of course, facilitated by the nature of the landscape. The mountain people then allied with the city-states of the plain, and the Swiss mass infantry armies, fighting in dense formation, destroyed every knightly force that took the open field against them. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries these armies would go on to become the supreme infantry and terror of the European battlefields. Though the winning army was well armed, the initial uprising was nonetheless a folk uprising. Eventually, however, the Flemish nobles did take their part in the battle — each of the Flemish leaders were of the nobility or descended from nobility, and some 400 of noble blood did fight on the Flemish side. It represented the first major victory of infantry over mounted warriors since Adrianople, 1,000 years before.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.7.1 Alix de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Married Name: de Saint-Dizier. AKA: Alix de Nesle-Ossemont (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 367.). Born: before 1300 at France, daughter of Guy I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Torote, Alix was born before her sister Mahaut. Married before 1319 at France: Jean II, Seigneur de Saint-Dizier,, son of Guillaume IV, Seigneur de Dampierre and Marie d'Aspremont.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.7.2 Jean I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Jean I was Counselor, Chamberlain of the King of France, and Grand-Queux de France) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 635.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur d'Offémont (Abbott, Page 123.). AKA: Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle de Nesle=de Néelle. Jean I was the first in the Branch to discard the name of de Clermont in favor of de Néelle (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 635.). Married Name: Jean I, Seigneur de Mello (Ibid.). Born: before 1301 at France, son of Guy I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Torote, Jean I was born before his brother Raoul. Married in 1326 at France: Marguerite, Dame de Mello (Jean I and Marguerite's children took the surname "de Nesle" and were extinct in the male line circa 1475) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 635.). Died: on 25 May 1352 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.7.3 Mahaut de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). Married Name: de Moreuil. Married: Bernard VI, Seigneur de Moreuil (Ibid.). Note -: Mahaut married Bertrand VI, Sire de Moreuil. Born: before 1301 at France, daughter of Guy I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Torote, Mahaut was born before her sister Péronne.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.7.4 Péronne de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). Married Name: de Chérisy. AKA: Péronne de Clermont- Nesle (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques de La Noblesse de France ou Receuil de Preuves, Mémoires et Notices Généalogiques in Imprimerie de Béthune, Rue Palatine, No. 5, 1 - 11 (No. 1, Rue du Paon- Saint-André-des-Arcs, Paris, France: M. Lainé, 1828 - 1850), Tome Huitième (Volume 8), MDCCCXLIII (1843), De Cherisy, Page 8.). Born: before 1302 at France, daughter of Guy I de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Torote. Married before 1320 at France: Jean, Co-Seigneur de Chérisy,, son of Hervé de Chérisy and Marie de Lor (Jean and Péronne had only two daughters) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Huitième (Volume 8), MDCCCXLIII (1843), De Cherisy, Page 8.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.3.8 Aélis de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). Died: at Beaulieu, France, Aélis was a nun at Beaulieu. Born: between 1245 and 1279 at France, daughter of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort-l'Amaury.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.4 Raoul II de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.). AKA: Raoul, Seigneur de Tartigny. AKA: Raoul, Seigneur d'Ailli (Ibid.). Born: before 1213 at France, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle. Married before May 1239 at France: Marguerite de Montgobert,, daughter of Jean de Montgobert and N? N? Died: circa 1242.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.4.1 Raoul III de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). Born: between 1239 and 1240 at France, son of Raoul II de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Montgobert.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.4.2 Jean II de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:38 hours.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Tartigny. Born: between 1240 and 1241 at France, son of Raoul II de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marguerite de Montgobert. Married before 1258 at France: Marie de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais,, daughter of Jean I de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais and Isabelle de Garlande (Jean II was Marie's first husband). Died: circa 1260.

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.4.2.1 Raoul IV de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (André Roux: Scrolls, 140.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.). AKA: Raoul de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis Raoul retained the name "de Clermont" (Ibid.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.). AKA: Raoul de Montgobert Raoul was the author of the Seigneurs de Montgobert. Born: before 1259, son of Jean II de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Marie de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais, The parentage of Raoul, son of Jean II by Marie de Beaumont-en-Gâtinais or son of Gui I by Marguerite de Torote is in dispute across sources. Married circa 1315: Jeanne de Chambly,, daughter of Pierre de Chambly and Jeanne de Machaut (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 638.). Died: in 1321 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.1.5 Thibaut de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 633.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 1214, son of Raoul I, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Gertrude, Comtesse de Néelle (Ibid.). Died: after 1237 Thibaut was a Canon at Beauvais in 1237 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.2 Ade de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Married Name: de Boves. Born: before 1182 at France, daughter of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle and Élisabeth de Lambersart, Ade is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Enguérrand. Married before 1192: Enguérrand II, Seigneur/Baron de Boves,, son of Robert de Coucy and Béatrix de Saint-Pol (Adé was Enguérrand's second wife) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 195.). Died: between 1251 and 1254.

1.1.1.3.2.3.2.1 Robert II, Seigneur/Baron de Boves (Paul Theroff, posts, 03 May 1995 at 14:45 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye- des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 195.). AKA: Robert II de Coucy (Ibid.). AKA: Robert II, Seigneur de Boves. Born: before 1197 at France, son of Enguérrand II, Seigneur/Baron de Boves and Ade de Nesle. Married before 1232: Marguerite N? Died: in 1248 Robert II went on a crusade led by Thibaut de Champagne and Richard of Cornwall in 1239. The crusade lasted until 1241 and had been viewed with great disfavor by both the Pope and the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Most of the effort was spent peacefully in camps at Acre, Jaffa and Ascalon. The crusading barons were divided by their petty jealousies and paid no attention to their leaders. However, with the exception of the First Crusade, this crusade recovered more lands and fortresses from the moslems than any other (Abbott, Page 114.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.2.1.1 Robert III, Seigneur de Boves (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 1234 at Boves, Somme, Picardie, France, son of Robert II, Seigneur/Baron de Boves and Marguerite N?, Robert III is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died (Ibid.). Died: in 1254 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.2.2 Élizabeth de Coucy. Married Name: de Rumigny. AKA: Isabelle, Dame de Boves (Ibid.). Born: before 1200, daughter of Enguérrand II, Seigneur/Baron de Boves and Ade de Nesle. Married circa May 1214: Nicolas V, Seigneur de Rumigny,, son of Nicolas IV, Seigneur de Rumigny and N? N? Died: after Jul 1263.

1.1.1.3.2.3.2.2.1 Hughes II, Seigneur de Rumigny (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 02:07 Hours; 02 September 1994 at 02:20 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 84.). AKA: Hughes, Seigneur de Boves (Abbott, Page 114.). Born: before 1237 at France, son of Nicolas V, Seigneur de Rumigny and Élizabeth de Coucy, Hughes is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Isabelle, was born. Married before 1254 at France: Yolande de Nesle,, daughter of Jean de Nesle and Marie du Thour (Yolande was Hughes' first wife). Married before 1261 at France: Philippine N? (Philippine was Hughes' second wife). Died: in 1270.

1.1.1.3.2.3.2.2.1.1 Isabelle=Élisabeth, Dame de Rumigny (Paul Theroff, posts, 10 January 1995 at 06:09 Hours.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:59 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 363, 378.). Married Name: de Châtillon-sur-Marne. AKA: Isabelle, Dame de Boves (Abbott, Page 114.). Married Name: de Lorraine. AKA: Isabelle de Rumigny (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:59 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.). Born: before 1266, daughter of Hughes II, Seigneur de Rumigny and Yolande de Nesle, Isabelle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Thibaud II. Married before 1280: Thibaud II, Duke de Lorraine,, son of Frederick III, Duke de Lorraine and Marguerite, Princess de Navarre. Married in 1313 at France: Gaucher V/II, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne,, son of Gaucher IV de Châtillon-sur- Marne and Isabeau de Villehardouin (Isabelle was Gaucher V's third wife. Isabeau was the widow of Thibaud II, Duke de Lorraine) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.). Died: in 1322 (Abbott, Page 114.).

1.1.1.3.2.3.2.2.1.2 Marguerite de Rumigny (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 02:07 Hours.). Married Name: de Nesle. MaterAlter: before 1257 Hughes, Count de Soissons/Marguerite de Rumigny. Born: before 1262 at France, daughter of Hughes II, Seigneur de Rumigny and Philippine N?, Marguerite is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son, Jean V, was born. Married before 1276 at France: Jean de Nesle,, son of Jean de Nesle and Marguerite de Montfort.

1.1.1.3.2.3.3 Jean II de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 18 August 1994 at 00:16 Hours.). AKA: Jean II, Burggrave de Bruges. Born: before 1185 at France, son of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle and Élisabeth de Lambersart, Jean II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when he married Eustache. Married before 1200: Eustache de Saint-Paul,, daughter of Hughes IV, Comte de Saint-Paul and Yolande de Hainaut (Jean II and Eustache did not have issue). Note - in 1234: Jean II sold the Burggravate of Bruges to Comtesse Joanna of Flanders. The Seigneurie of Nesle was apparently inherited by his sister Gertrude. Subsequent males of this family were surnamed "de Nesle", but were not Seigneurs de Nesle. Died: in 1239.

1.1.1.3.2.3.4 Ives de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:45 Hours.). Born: before 1188, son of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle and Élisabeth de Lambersart. Died: circa 1189.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5 Raoul de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). AKA: Raoul, Seigneur de Falvy. Born: before 1196 at France, son of Jean I, Seigneur de Nesle and Élisabeth de Lambersart, Raoul is presumed to have been at least 30 years of age when he died. Married in 1214 at France: Adélaïde = Alix de Roye,, daughter of Barthélémy de Roye and Pérronelle de Montfort (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: circa 1226.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1 Jean de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 5 April 1994 @ 22:04 Hours.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Falvy (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 427.). Born: between 1215 and 1225 at France, son of Raoul de Nesle and Adélaïde = Alix de Roye. Married before 1257 at France: Béatrix N? (Béatrix was Jean's first wife). Married between 1260 and 1261: Jeanne de Dammartin,, daughter of Simon II, Count de Dammartin and Marie, Countess de Ponthieu (Jeanne and Jean were mutual second spouses). Died: in 1292.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.1 Jean de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Falvy. Born: before 1258 at France, son of Jean de Nesle and Béatrix N? Married before 1290 at France: Marie d'Oudenarde,, daughter of Jean d'Oudenarde and Adèle de Nesle. Died: circa 1310.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.1.1 Jean III de Nesle (Ibid.). AKA: Jean III, Seigneur de Falvy. Born: before 1291 at France, son of Jean de Nesle and Marie d'Oudenarde, Jean is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Béatrix, was born. Married before 1308: Jeanne de Vendeville,, daughter of Mathieu, Seigneur de Vendeville and N? N?

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.1.2 Marie de Nesle (Ibid.). Born: before 1291 at France, daughter of Jean de Nesle and Marie d'Oudenarde, Marie is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when her second husband, Johan, died.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.2 Jeanne de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 5 April 1994 @ 22:04 Hours.).

Married Name: de Béthune. AKA: de Falvy. AKA: Jeanne de Néele (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 427.). Born: before 1259 at France, daughter of Jean de Nesle and Béatrix N? Married before 1278 at France: Guillaume V, Chevalier de Béthune,, son of Guillaume IV, Chevalier de Béthune and Béatrix d'Hébuterne. Died: in 1280.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.2.1 Guillaume VI, Chevalier de Béthune (Paul Theroff, posts, 5 April 1994 @ 22:04 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 427.). AKA: Guillaume VI, Seigneur de Lokeren. AKA: Guillaume VI, Seigneur d'Hébuterne. AKA: Guillaume VI, Seigneur de Hébuterne (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume VI, Seigneur de Locres (Ibid.). Born: before 1279 at Hébuterne, Artois, France, son of Guillaume V, Chevalier de Béthune and Jeanne de Nesle. Married before 1312: Marie de Roye,, daughter of Mathieu III de Roye and Jeanne de Vendeuil. Died: on 3 Apr 1340 at Lokeren, Saint-Nicolas, Flandre-Orientale, Belgium.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.2.2 Raoul de Béthune (Paul Theroff, posts, 5 April 1994 @ 22:04 Hours.). Born: before 1280 at Artois, France, son of Guillaume V, Chevalier de Béthune and Jeanne de Nesle.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.1.3 Raoul de Nesle. Born: before 1260 at France, son of Jean de Nesle and Béatrix N? Died: after 1311 Raoul was alive in the years 1310, 1311.

1.1.1.3.2.3.5.2 Simon de Nesle (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Occupation: at Noyers, Yonne, Bourgogne, France, Simon was a priest in Noyers. Noyers is 40 km from Avallon, on the Serein River. Born: between 1216 and 1226 at France, son of Raoul de Nesle and Adélaïde = Alix de Roye.

1.1.1.3.3 Évrard d'Avesnes (Évrard was archdeacon of Tournay and of Cambray) (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). Born: before 1125 at France, son of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut, Évrard is presumed to have been at least 290 years old by the time he became a Canon of the Church. AKA: Évrard, Bishop de Tournai Éverard was a Canon (1145), then an Archddeacon (1150) (Ibid.). Died: in 1191.

1.1.1.3.4 Nicolas, Seigneur d'Avesnes (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-28.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). Also Known As: Nicolas "Le Beau" (Nicolas, second son of Gautier and Ydxe de Mortaigne was nicknamed "Le Beau") (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Nicolas, Seigneur de Leuze (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Nicolas, Seigneur de Landrecies (Ibid.). AKA: Nicolas, Seigneur de Leuse (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Nicolas, Seigneur de Condé-sur-l'Escaut (Abbott, Page 561.). Born: in 1129 at Carthage, Tunisia, son of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut, Nicolas held many seigneuries by virtue of the disinheritance of his older brother Thierri (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). Married in 1149: Mahaut, Dame de La Roche,, daughter of Henri I, Count de Namur and Mathilde de Limbourg (Ibid.). Died: either 1169 or 1171 Sources disagree as to the year of the decease.

1.1.1.3.4.1 Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-27.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.) (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1),

MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Jacques, Constable de Flandre. AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Guise. AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Landrecies (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Condé-sur-l'Escaut (Abbott, Page 561.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Leuse (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Condé (Ibid.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Trélon (Ibid.). Born: in 1150, son of Nicolas, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Mahaut, Dame de La Roche (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in 1155 at France: Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise,, daughter of Bouchard=Bernard, Seigneur de Guise and Alix=Adélaïde N? (Améline was the heiress of the Seigneuries of Guise and Lesquilles) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). Died: on 7 Sep 1191 at Arsouf, Palestine, Holy Land, Jacques fell at the Battle of Arsouf and died of his wounds, during the Third Crusade. At this battle, about ten miles from Joffa, the Crusaders, under Richard the Lion-Hearted, confronted Saladin's Turkish forces. The undisciplined knights charged prematurely and instead of assuring a great victory, they allowed the enemy forces to escape into the woods.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1 Alix d'Avesnes (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 32.). Married Name: de Rosoy (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married Name: de Rozoy (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 32.). Born: before 1164, daughter of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise, Alix is presumed to have been at least 16 years of age by the time she married with Roger II. Married before 1179: Roger II, Seigneur de Rozoy,, son of Renaud, Seigneur de Rozoy and Juliane de Rumigny (Ibid.). Died: after May 1249 “Rogiers sires de Rosoy et de Chaumont” granted rights to the inhabitants of Rozoy, with the consent of “Aelis ma famme”, by charter dated May 1249 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, Saige, G., Lacaille, H. and Labande, L. H. (1902) Trésor des chartes du comté de Rethel (Monaco) (“Chartes Rethel”), Tome I, Supplément, CCCCLXXXVIII, p. 763.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1 Julienne de Rozoy (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 32.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.).

AKA: Julienne, Dame de Chaumont-en-Porcien (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Aspremont (Ibid.). Born: before 1180, daughter of Roger II, Seigneur de Rozoy and Alix d'Avesnes, Julienne is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age by the timke she married with Gobert VI. Married circa 1200: Gobert VI, Seigneur d'Aspremont,, son of Geoffroi I, Sire d'Aspremont and Élizabeth de Dampierre (By reason of the union of Julienne with Gobert VI, either for dowery or her rights in the succession of her mother and father, her brother, Roger III, Seigneur de Rozoy gave her the lands of Domery in 1240. He had previously, in 1234, given the lands of Grandrupt to Gobert d'Aspremont) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 32.). 1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1 Geoffroi II, Sire d'Aspremont (Geoffroi II was Seigneur from 1238 - 1250) (Ibid.).

Born: circa 1201 at Apremont, Meuse, Lorraine, France, son of Gobert VI, Seigneur d'Aspremont and Julienne de Rozoy, Geoffroy is presumed to have been at least 19 years of age when he died. Married before 1220: Laurette de Sarrebrück,, daughter of Simon III, Count de Sarrebrück and Laurette de Lorraine. Died: in 1222. AKA: Geoffroi, Comte de Sarrebrück Geoffroi became Comte de Sarrebruck by contract secondary to his marriage with Laurette, who herself became Comtesse de Sarrebruk in 1247 pursuant to the death of Simon II (Ibid.). AKA: Geoffroy, Seigneur d'Apremont (Abbott, Page 544.). Died: between 18 Sep 1248 and 1250 Geoffroi II participated in the Seventh Crusade where he died. The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 18 September 1248 to 24 April 1254. Approximately 50,000 gold bezants (a sum equal to the entire annual revenue of France) was paid in ransom for King Louis who, along with thousands of his troops, were captured and defeated by the Egyptian army led by the Ayyubid Sultan Turanshah supported by the Bahariyya Mamluks led by Faris ad-Din Aktai, Baibars al-Bunduqdari, Qutuz , Aybak and Qalawun. France was perhaps the strongest state in Europe at the time, as the Albigensian Crusade had brought Provence into Parisian control. Poitou was ruled by Louis IX's brother Alphonse of Poitiers, who joined him on his crusade in 1245. Another brother, Charles I of Anjou, also joined Louis. For the next three years Louis collected an ecclesiastical tenth (mostly from church tithes), and in 1248 he and his approximately 15,000-strong army that included 3,000 knights, and 5,000 crossbowmen sailed on 36 ships from the ports of Aigues-Mortes, which had been specifically built to prepare for the crusade, and Marseille. Louis IX's financial preparations for this expedition were comparatively well organized, and he was able to raise approximately 1,500,000 livres tournois. However, many nobles who joined Louis on the expedition had to borrow money from the royal treasury, and the crusade turned out to be very expensive. The Seventh shares with the Sixth Crusade the attribute of being under the control of a particular monarch. Taken together, they show plainly that the papacy had lost control of the crusading movement and, equally, that the movement was no longer able to stir interest throughout Europe. The crusades were close to becoming the instrument of national policy. The King and Queen sailed to Cyprus, arriving at Limassol on 18 September 1248, where they were received by King Henry of Cyprus. They were joined there by the Grand Master of the Hospital, the Grand Master of the Temple, and many of the Palestinian barons. Louis called a council and there it was agreed to aim for Egypt. Both in the Latin West and in Outremer it was understood that Jerusalem could never be secure so long as Egypt was hostile. the Latin Empire set up after the Fourth Crusade asked for his help against the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea, and the Principality of Antioch and the Knights Templar wanted his help in Syria, where the Muslims had recently captured Sidon. Once the objective was decided, Louis wanted to set out at once, but the locals persuaded him that an attack on the Nile delta in winter would be too risky. There were few harbors along the delta; landing required calm seas and the winter storms made these unpredictable. Despite his eagerness, Louis agreed to wait until spring. Egypt would, Louis thought, provide a base from which to attack Jerusalem, and its wealth and supply of grain would keep the crusaders fed and equipped. During the winter, the king was distracted by various diplomatic maneuvers, including sending an expedition to the Mongols to seek an alliance there. Constantinople begged him to help in its struggle with the Emperor of Nicaea. Antioch asked for help. The Templars were engaged in some complex negotiations with Aleppo. Louis steadfastly refused to be distracted from his crusading goal and refused all these entanglements, except he did send six hundred archers to Bohémond at Antioch. In the spring, additional troops arrived from the Morea. Louis had arranged for supplies at Cyprus, but he had planned only for a stay of weeks, not months, and he now had far fewer stores than he had hoped. More time (and supplies) was wasted in trying to find ships, for Venice now refused to help at all, and Genoa was distracted by a war. When a fleet did assemble, it was promptly scattered in a storm. When Louis sailed in May 1249, he had with him only about a quarter of his army. The rest of the army was making its way toward Egypt as best it could, but Louis would not wait. He arrived off the coast of Egypt on 4 June 1249. The Egyptians knew Louis was coming and had dispatched a strong force to oppose him. His advisors all told Louis to wait until the rest of the army should come up, but he refused. On the morning of the 5th, the King landed, leading his troops personally. A fierce battle developed on the beach. John of Ibelin, Count of Jaffa, along with the King himself, distinguished themselves with their courage. The Egyptian commander, Fakhr ad-Din, withdrew under cover of darkness back to Damietta. While there was great elation at their victory, the Christians knew that the really hard fighting still lay ahead. During the night, Fakhr ad-Din found that the city lacked the resolve to fight. He made the tactical decision to abandon the city and to retreat up river. Most of the Muslim population, already in a panic over the prospect of a terrible siege, left with the Egyptian troops. In the morning, some Christians from the city came to the French camp to tell them that the city was undefended. Louis marched triumphantly into Damietta on 6 June 1249. The last time Damietta had fallen to the Christians, the Sultan had offered Jerusalem in exchange. Hopes among the Crusaders ran very high. Having won Damietta, the Crusaders now stopped. The Nile would begin to flood in another month, and everyone remembered the fate of the Fifth Crusade. Moreover, the greater part of the army had not yet arrived. Louis decided to wait out the flood season before considering a further advance up the Nile. The knights sat back and enjoyed the spoils of war. Louis was in his element here, dispensing justice and arrangement the affairs of government. But as the army grew and waiting, it consumed supplies at an alarming rate, and discipline grew slack. Once again the Sultan, who was old and dying of tuberculosis, offered Jerusalem for Damietta. Once again, the Crusaders refused, believing that they had the Egyptians on the run and would be able to win even more. Louis ignored the agreement made during the Fifth Crusade that Damietta should be given to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, now a rump state in Acre, but he did set up an archbishopric there (under the authority of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem) and used the city as a base to direct military operations against the Muslims of Syria. In Cairo, the political temperature rose rapidly. The Sultan, Ayub, was dying and everyone knew it. He had relied on his slave warriors, known as the Mamluks, for the defense of Damietta and they were now disgraced. They were advocating a palace revolution to restore their position, but Fakhr ad-Din would not lead them. Ayub did what he could. Al-Kamil had constructed a small town on the site of his victory over the Fifth Crusade, naming it al-Mansourah: the Victorious. Ayub had himself brought in a litter to Mansourah and turned the place into an armed camp. He sent Bedouin raiders out to harry any Christians who dared to venture beyond Damietta and the army camp set up outside it. September came and went, then October. The floodwaters receded and the way to Cairo opened. Louis received reinforcements from France, commanded by his brother Alfonso of Poitou. After some discussion, it was agreed to advance up the Nile toward Cairo, and the army set out on 20 November 1249. The King left his Queen behind in Damietta, along with the Patriarch of Jerusalem and a strong garrison. Louis IX sent a letter to as-Salih Ayyub that said : “ As you know that I am the ruler of the Christian nation I do know you are the ruler of the Muhammadan nation. The people of Andalusia give me money and gifts while we drive them like cattle. We kill their men and we make their women widows. We take the boys and the girls as prisoners and we make houses empty. I have told you enough and I have advised you to the end, so now if you make the strongest oath to me and if you go to christian priests and monks and if you carry kindles before my eyes as a sign of obeying the cross, all these will not persuade me from reaching you and killing you at your dearest spot on earth. If the land will be mine then it is a gift to me. If the land will be yours and you defeat me then you will have the upper hand. I have told you and I have warned you about my soldiers who obey me. They can fill open fields and mountains, their number like pebbles. They will be sent to you with swords of destruction.” In November 1249, Louis marched towards Cairo, and almost at the same time, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, as-Salih Ayyub, died. Sultan Ayub died on 23 November 1249 at Mansourah. With the Mamluks and other troops already restless, the Sultana managed to hide the fact of her husbands death long enough to recall her son, Turan-shah, from Syria and to make sure that she and Fakhr ad-Din were securely in power. She managed all this even as Louis and his army were advancing up the Nile toward her. Fakhr ad-Din kept most of his forces at Mansourah, securely protected by the joining of the Bahr as-Saghir with the Nile--exactly the same position occupied by al-Kamil about thirty years previously. He sent cavalry forces out to oppose the Christians, and some heavy fighting developed at Fariskur on 7 December, but Louis led his troops well and they were little delayed by these attacks. The Crusaders arrived on the banks of the Bahr as-Saghir on 21 December 1249, and the two armies dug in. The rivers protected the Christians as much as they did the Muslims. Fakhr ad-Din tried several times to find a way to attack the French, but each attempt was thwarted. For their part, the Christians were engaged in trying to build a dyke to bridge the river, but the Egyptians managed to thwart that in their turn. January 1250 passed in these activities. Then, at the beginning of February, the Crusaders got a break. A Coptic Christian offered to show them a ford across the river. They set out on 8 February 1250. The vanguard was led by the King's brother, Robert of Artois, accompanied by the Templars and the English. Louis gave strict orders that no one should attack until he himself gave the order. The crossing was difficult and took a long time. Once over, Artois decided to attack right away, fearing that the Egyptians might discover him there before the French could get across. The Templars reminded him of the King's orders, but he made the decision to attack anyway. Duke Robert was almost immediately successful. The Egyptians were just going about their morning business, unaware that the Christians had crossed the river, so the French were able to burst into the camp almost unopposed. The Egyptians were not formed up, many weren't even armored. Many fled immediately for Mansourah; those who stood and fought, including the Egyptian commander Fakhr ad-Din, were slaughtered. The Egyptian camp was now in Crusader hands, a very great triumph, but Robert of Artois wanted more. He wanted to pursue the fleeing Egyptians and to capture Mansourah; if that city fell, Cairo could not stand. With Cairo, so fell all of Egypt, and the future of the Holy Land would be assured. It was a crucial moment. But the Crusader forces were badly dispersed in and around the Egyptian camp, and in any case the superiority of the Latin cavalry would be lost in the narrow streets of a city. Both the Grand Master of the Temple, William of Sonnac, and the commander of the English contingent, the Earl of Salisbury, advised Robert to wait for the main Crusader force under King Louis. The Duke dismissed the others as cowards and urged his French forces forward. The Templars and the English reluctantly followed, knowing that Artois would be killed if he went on alone. King Louis and the bulk of the French army were still crossing the Bahr as-Saghir, unaware of what was happening. In Mansourah, the fleeing Mamluks were re-grouped under a new leader, Rukn ad-Din Baibars. He stationed his men around the city and allowed the Crusaders to charge into the city without opposition. Once they were all deep within the town, Baibars ordered the counter-attack. Even the people of the town took part, casting down stones and pulling riders from their horses. The Crusaders could not defend themselves; many, indeed, found themselves in alleys so narrow they could not even turn their horses around. Disaster fell on them. Two hundred and ninety Templar knights rode into Mansourah; five escaped. Robert of Artois was killed, overwhelmed when he tried to take refuge in a house. The Lord of Coucy and the Count of Brienne were killed. The Grand Master William lost one eye, but managed to get away. The Earl of Salisbury and almost all of the English knights were killed. Many who escaped the city drowned while trying to swim the river back to safety. Duke Peter of Brittany, severely wounded, managed to make it to the river crossing and it was he who told the King of the disaster. Louis knew what was coming. He quickly formed his army up to meet an attack, but his crossbowmen were still on the other side of the river. The king ordered a pontoon bridge to be built as quickly as possible so they could cross, knowing that their arrows would be needed. In the meantime, the Mamluks attacked. That afternoon saw hard fighting on both sides. More than once the Egyptian army was on the verge of success, but personal courage on the Christian side kept the French intact. Toward sundown, the bridge was at last completed and the bowmen hurried over. That was enough for the Egyptians, and they retired to the safety of Mansourah. Louis learned of his brother's death only after the fighting was done. He wept over his loss, but he could not hope for vengeance, for that same brother had been responsible for the loss of too many knights. The king ordered a retreat back to the Crusader camp. Louis was defeated as well, but he did not withdraw to Damietta for months, preferring to besiege Mansourah, which ended in starvation and death for the crusaders rather than the Muslims. In showing utter agony, a Templar knight lamented : “ Rage and sorrow are seated in my heart...so firmly that I scarce dare to stay alive. It seems that God wishes to support the Turks to our loss...ah, lord God...alas, the realm of the East has lost so much that it will never be able to rise up again. They will make a Mosque of Holy Mary's convent, and since the theft pleases her Son, who should weep at this, we are forced to comply as well...Anyone who wishes to fight the Turks is mad, for Jesus Christ does not fight them any more. They have conquered, they will conquer. For every day they drive us down, knowing that God, who was awake, sleeps now, and Muhammad waxes powerful.” The Egyptians soon tried to capitalize on their victory, attacking three days after the Battle of Mansourah. Hard fighting lasted all day, but in the end the Christians were able to withstand the attack and the Egyptians again withdrew. There followed a stalemate that lasted for several weeks, but always to the detriment of the Christians. After the death of the Sultan, the Sultana immediately summoned Turanshah to Cairo. He arrived on 28 February 1250 and soon tightened the noose around the Christians by implementing a successful blockade of the Nile. All though March, few supply ships managed to slip the blockade; at the end of the month, a whole fleet of thirty-two ships were seized. Famine and disease stalked the Christian camp, and King Louis realized that he must retreat or risk losing everything. He first tried to offer Turanshah an exchange: Damietta for Jerusalem; but the Sultan would have none of it. The Latin army set out under cover of darkness early on 5 April 1250. They managed to get across the Bahr as-Saghir via a pontoon bridge before the Egyptians noticed the movement, but the Christians neglected to destroy the bridge behind them and the Egyptians set out in pursuit. The King remained in the rear guard, leading the defense against the Egyptian attacks. That night, however, he fell ill and by morning could barely ride. The next day, the army tried to move on, but typhoid and dysentery were everywhere. By mid-day, the King could go no further and his bodyguard placed him in a house at Sharimshah. The Egyptians closed in. Although the King never ordered a surrender, and Philip of Montfort was negotiating with the Sultan, there was a confusion of orders and the army simply surrendered. It scarcely mattered; the army could not have fought. A little later, the Christian ships that had been sent down the Nile carrying the sick and wounded were likewise captured. The entire Crusader army, including the King of France and many of the barons of Outremer, was now captive. The only point of resistance was Damietta, still under the command of Queen Margaret of France. With her were only a handful of knights, a large contingent of Italians, and the Patriarch of Jerusalem. Her situation was complicated by the fact that she was nine months pregnant. The Egyptians had captured such a large army, they lacked enough men even to guard it. Every day, for the next seven days in succession, three hundred of the weakest were taken aside and decapitated. By these measures the number of Christian captives was reduced to a manageable size. King Louis was take to Mansourah, both for better security and for better medical care, for his was very sick. Even so, he was kept in chains, even while he was being nursed back to health. The King's health was very important to the Sultan, for he was the biggest bargaining chip. That there was a bargain to be made at all was due largely to Queen Margaret. Three days after hearing of the surrender of the army and the capture of her husband, Margaret gave birth to a son whom she named John Tristan (John Sorrow). That same day she heard that the Italians were planning to abandon Damietta as the city was threatened with a shortage of food. Summoning their leaders to her bedside, she persuaded them to stay by offering to buy sufficient food out of her own purse. Margaret and her son were soon sent to the safety of Acre, and negotiations with the Sultan were taken over by the Patriarch Robert, but the Queen's courage at a crucial moment had saved the city, giving the Patriarch something with which to bargain. Meanwhile, extraordinary events were transpiring at Fariskur, where the Sultan and the main Egyptian army were encamped. On 2 May 1250, Turanshah gave a great banquet. At the end of the feast, a faction of Mamluk soldiers rushed in and tried to kill him. These soldiers had been offended by Turanshah's treatment of them and, led by Baibars, decided to exact vengeance. The Sultan was wounded but managed to escape to a tower next to the Nile River. The Mamluks pursued him and set the tower on fire. Turanshah leaped into the river. His pursuers stood on the banks and shot at him with arrows, even as he begged for his life, offering to abdicate. Unable to kill him from the shore, Baibars himself waded out into the water and hacked the Sultan to death. A puppet Sultan was chosen, but he lasted only a few years. In reality, from that bloody night forward, Baibars Bundukdari was the ruler of Egypt. The Mamluks would rule here for almost three hundred years as the slave-sultans. The Patriarch of Jerusalem arrived in the immediate aftermath of these events. Despite some blood-curdling threats, the Mamluks chose to confirm the bargain made by Turanshah, mainly because of the enormous ransom of half a million pounds tournois. On May 6, Damietta was surrendered to the Egyptians, and King Louis was brought there and released the same day. He was required to pay half the ransom (now reduced to 400,000 pounds) immediately. With the reluctant help of the Templars, he managed to do this and to set sail the same day for Acre. A great many wounded soldiers had been left behind at Damietta; as soon as the Crusaders were gone, the Mamluks slaughtered all these. Louis arrived at Acre on 12 May 1250. Most of his army was dead and much of the rest of it was still captive. He was still obliged to raise the other half of the ransom money to free them, but his own financial reserves had been drained nearly dry. His mother wrote from France that he was sorely needed at home, but he decided to stay. His brothers and many others went home in July, leaving behind as much money as they could spare and about 1,400 men. Louis was now effectively the ruler of Outremer. Conrad of Germany was technically its monarch, but he obviously had no intention of coming to the East, and a commander was desperately needed. Some legal shuffling was done to give an appearance of legitimacy, but Louis' role was more pragmatic than legal. Fortunately, the Mamluk revolution that had led to a new split between Cairo and Damascus, for the Syrians resented the Mamluks and their murder of Turanshah. An-Nasr Yusuf of Aleppo, a great-grandson of Saladin, occupied Damascus and opened negotiations with Louis. He could not accept an open alliance with so many prisoners still in Egypt, but at least the King did not need to face an immediate Muslim offensive against the Crusader states. That winter, the Ayubites of Damascus invaded Egypt but were repulsed. In 1251, because of this rivalry between the Ayubites and the Mamluks, Louis was able to negotiate the return of all the Christian prisoners (about three thousand) in exchange for three hundred Muslim prisoners and no further money; in return, Louis promised to aid Cairo against Damascus. The King had learned a great deal about politics in Outremer. Louis spent 1252 repairing fortifications in various towns, working from Jaffa. Although there was some maneuvering of armies, the Mamluks chose not to leave the safety of Egypt and neither Louis nor an-Nasr Yusuf would risk an open battle. In 1253, Yusuf appealed to the Caliph at Baghdad to arbitrate between himself and Aibek, the puppet Sultan of Cairo. The Caliph was concerned to unite the Muslims against the invading Mongols and so took an uncharacteristically active hand. He negotiated a settlement acceptable to both Damascus and Cairo, and the alliance with the Christians was immediately forgotten. Louis' presence in Outremer had saved the Crusader states from the disaster at Mansourah. He did this not only by dealing effectively with the Ayubites at Damascus and the Mamluks at Cairo, but also by keeping good order among the barons of Outremer and by gaining their respect. Louis conducted himself with bravery in the battles in Egypt and with great dignity while in captivity. Once he arrived at Acre, he showed himself to be fair-minded, generous and impartial in his dealings with the barons. He arbitrated a dispute at Antioch and then some delicate issues of succession over the crown of Jerusalem itself. He could easily have made himself a partisan in this latter, and even have laid claim to the throne himself. Instead, he continued to administer the affairs of the kingdom in the name of its child-kings and respected the decisions of the High Court of Cyprus regarding the succession. Despite feeling that he was still needed in Outremer, Louis returned to France in 1254. His mother had died in November 1252. She had been the strong hand at the helm during his abscence, and trouble broke out soon after her death. By late 1253, with trouble in Flanders and with King Henry of England threatening, Louis knew he had to leave. He set out on 24 April 1254 and arrived in France in July. The immediate parallels with the Fifth Crusade are obvious: the capture of Damietta, a brave advance upriver followed by catastrophe. But the effects of the Seventh Crusade were perhaps even more profound. Louis was universally respected. There had been no internal rivalries within the Crusader camp. If God did not grant victory here, then perhaps victory belonged only to the early Crusaders, who had long since passed into legendary status. It would be long before there was again any enthusiasm for crusading; another generation, really. The loss of money and life was disastrous for the Crusader states themselves and especially for the Military Orders; they never fully recovered. Outremer was now faced with an aggressive military state in Egypt and only the ominous advance of the Mongols prolonged its life. Once the Mongols had been dealt with, the Crusader states fell quickly. Louis himself was deeply distressed over his failure. He lost a brother on the Crusade and many good friends besides. It is evident that he was haunted by this because at the end of his life, he undertook another crusade. In 1270, against the advice of counselors and family, Louis again fielded an army and headed east. His ultimate goal was again deflected by a brother: this time, by Charles of Anjou, now King of Sicily, who persuaded Louis to attack Tunis first. He did so, gained a victory, but died of a fever in August. As a final irony, he was preceeded in death at Tunis by his son, John Tristan, the boy born at Damietta amid disaster. The history of the Seventh Crusade was written by Jean de Joinville, who was also a participant, Matthew Paris and many Muslim historians.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.1 Julienne d'Aspremont (Julienne was a nun) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 33.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.) is still living.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.2 Adèle d'Aspremont (Ibid., Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 34.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.) is still living.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.3 Jean, Seigneur d'Apremont (Abbott, Page 544.). AKA: Jean, Prévôt de Montfaucon (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 33.). Born: before 1221 at Apremont, Meuse, Lorraine, France, son of Geoffroi II, Sire d'Aspremont and Laurette de Sarrebrück. Died: circa 1255.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.4 Gobert VII, Sire d'Aspremont (Gobert VII went on the first crusade with King Louis IX de France (Saint Louis) from 1248 to 1250) (Paul Theroff, posts, 21 September 1994 at 23:36 Hours.) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont,

Page 33.). AKA: Gobert V, Seigneur d'Apremont (Abbott, Page 544.). AKA: Gobert VII, Seigneur de Dun Gobert VII was a vassal of the Comte de Bar. AKA: Gobert VII, Seigneur de Rouvre. AKA: Gobert VII, Châtelain de Noyon. Born: before 1222 at Apremont, Meuse, Lorraine, France, son of Geoffroi II, Sire d'Aspremont and Laurette de Sarrebrück. Married in 1258: Agnès de Coucy,, daughter of Thomas II de Coucy and Mahaut de Rethel (Agnès was Gobert VII's first wife) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 35.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page184.). Married circa 1270: Marie de Belrain (Marie was Gobert VII's second wife, and they do not appear to have left any issue) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 35.). Note - in 1270: Gobert VII participated in the Eighth Crusade. The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX, King of France, in 1270. The Eighth Crusade is sometimes counted as the Seventh, if the Fifth and Sixth Crusades of Frederick II are counted as a single crusade. The Ninth Crusade is sometimes also counted as part of the Eighth. Louis was disturbed by events in Syria, where the Mamluk sultan Baibars had been attacking the remnant of the Crusader states. Baibars had seized the opportunity after a war pitting the cities of Venice and Genoa against each other (1256–1260) had exhausted the Syrian ports that the two cities controlled. By 1265 Baibars had captured Nazareth, Haifa, Toron, and Arsuf. Hugh III of Cyprus, nominal king of Jerusalem, landed in Acre to defend that city, while Baibars marched as far north as Armenia, which was at that time under Mongol control. Bertran d'Alamanon, a diplomat in the service of Charles of Anjou, and Ricaut Bonomel, a Templar in the Holy Land, both composed songs around 1265. Bertran criticized the decline of Christianity overseas, while Bonomel criticized the Papal policy of pursuing wars in Italy with money that should have gone overseas. These events led to Louis' call for a new crusade in March, 1267, although there was little support this time; Jean de Joinville, the chronicler who accompanied Louis on the Seventh Crusade, refused to go. Louis was soon convinced by his brother Charles of Anjou to attack Tunis first, which would give them a strong base for attacking Egypt, the focus of Louis' previous crusade as well as the Fifth Crusade before him, both of which had been defeated there. Charles, as King of Sicily, also had his own interests in this area of the Mediterranean. The Khalif of Tunis, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, also had connections with Christian Spain and was considered a good candidate for conversion. In 1270 Louis landed on the African coast in July, a very unfavorable season for landing. Much of the army became sick due to poor drinking water, his Damietta born son John Sorrow died on 3 August and on 25 August Louis himself died from a "flux in the stomach", one day after the arrival of Charles. His dying word was "Jerusalem." Charles proclaimed Louis' son Philip III the new king, but due to his youth Charles became the actual leader of the crusade. Due to further diseases the siege of Tunis was abandoned on 30 October by an agreement with the sultan. In this agreement the Christians gained free trade with Tunis, and residence for monks and priests in the city was guaranteed, so the crusade could be regarded as a partial success. After hearing of the death of Louis and the evacuation of the crusaders from Tunis, Sultan Baibars of Egypt cancelled his plan to send Egyptian troops to fight Louis in Tunis . The failure of the Eighth Crusade, like those of its predecessors, caused a response to be crafted in Occitan poetry by the troubadours. The death of Louis of France especially sparked their creative output, notable considering the hostility which the troubadours had had towards the French monarchy during the Albigensian Crusade. Three planhs, songs of lament, were composed for the death of Louis IX. Guilhem d'Autpol composed Fortz tristors es e salvaj'a retraire for Louis. Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers composed Qui “vol aver complida amistansa” to celebrate the preparations of the Crusade in 1268, but in 1270 he had to compose “Ab grans trebalhs” and ”ab grans marrimens” in commemoration of the French king. Austorc de Segret composed “No sai quim so, tan sui desconoissens,” a more general Crusading song, that laments Louis but also that either God or the Satan is misleading Christians. He also attacks Louis's brother Charles, whom he calls the caps e guitz (head and guide) of the infidels, because he convinced Louis to attack Tunis and not the Holy Land, and he immediately negotiated a peace with the Muslims after Louis's death. Charles now allied himself with Prince Edward of England, who had arrived in the meantime. When Charles called off the attack on Tunis, Edward continued on to Acre, the last crusader outpost in Syria. His time spent there is often called the Ninth Crusade.

Died: after 1284 According to Seigneuries Gobert died in 1263. Archives, however, show several transactions that post-date 1263, with the latest being in 1284 (Abbott, Page 544.) (M. Lainé (Pub), Archives Généalogiques et Historiques, Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 35.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.5 Gui d'Aspremont (Ibid., Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 33.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Gui, Seigneur de Rubigny (Ibid.). Born: before 1228, son of Geoffroi II, Sire d'Aspremont and Laurette de Sarrebrück, Gui is presumed to have been at least 30 years of age by the time he went on the crusade. Died: in 1270 at Battle of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Gui followed Saint Louis (King Louis IX de France) on the crusades in 1258 and again in 1270. Gui died in the assault on Tunis (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.1.1.6 N? d'Aspremont (Ibid., Tome Neuvième (Volume 9), MDCCCXLIV (1844), De Briey d'Aspremont, Page 34.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Richecourt (Ibid.). Born: before 1241, daughter of Geoffroi II, Sire d'Aspremont and Laurette de Sarrebrück, She is presumed to have been at least 25 years of age by the time her son, Jean, was born. Married before 1264: N?, Comte de Richecourt (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.2 Alix de Rozoy (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://fabpedigree.com/s005/f206362.htm, 7 December 2008.). AKA: Alix, Dame de Lessines (Ibid.). AKA: Alix, Dame de Rosoy (Ibid.). AKA: Alix, Dame de Beaucignies (Ibid.). Born: before 1220, daughter of Roger II, Seigneur de Rozoy and Alix d'Avesnes, Alix is presumed to have been at least 15 years old by the time her son, Jean, was born. Married before 1234: Arnoul IV von Oudenaarde. Married Name: von Oudenaarde. Died: after 1259.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.2.1 Jean d'Oudenarde. AKA: Johann von Oudenaarde (Ibid., http://fabpedigree.com/s002/f603181.htm, 7 December 2008.). Born: before 1235 at France, son of Arnoul IV von Oudenaarde and Alix de Rozoy, Jean is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter Marie was born. Married before 1252: Adèle de Nesle,, daughter of Jean de Nesle and Marie du Thour. Married before 1267: Marie de Cresecques,, daughter of Anseau II de Cresecques and Béatrix de Guînes (Ibid., http://fabpedigree.com/s001/f650793.htm, 7 December 2008.). Died: between 1293 and 1294.

1.1.1.3.4.1.1.2.1.1 Marie d'Oudenarde (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 August 1994 at 01:43 Hours.). Married Name: de Nesle. Born: before 1253 at France, daughter of Jean d'Oudenarde and Adèle de Nesle. Married before 1290 at France: Jean de Nesle,, son of Jean de Nesle and Béatrix N?

1.1.1.3.4.1.2 Mathilde d'Avesnes (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). Married Name: de Chiny (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: either 1170 or 1180 at France, daughter of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise. Married Name: de Rumigny (Ibid.). Married in Jan 1205: Nicolas IV, Seigneur de Rumigny,, son of Nicolas [III] de Rumigny and Eva de Chièvres (Ibid.). Married circa 1207: Louis IV, Comte de Chiny,, son of Louis III, Comte de Chiny and Sophia N? (Ibid.). Died: after 5 Nov 1237 The necrology of Orval records the death “Non Nov” of “Matildis comitissa de Chiny uxor Ludovici junioris” and her donation of “molendinum de Tonelle et...prati ante Ivodium”.

1.1.1.3.4.1.2.1 Jeanne = Jehanna, Comtesse de Chiny (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 1210, daughter of Louis IV, Comte de Chiny and Mathilde d'Avesnes (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married before 1234: Arnoul VII, Comte de Loos,, son of Gérard II, Comte de Reneck and N? N? (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married Name: de Loos (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.2.1.1 Louis, Comte de Chiny (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: in 1235, son of Arnoul VII, Comte de Loos and Jeanne = Jehanna, Comtesse de Chiny (Ibid.). Married before 1295: Jeanne de Bar,, daughter of Henry II, Comte de Bar-le-Duc and Philippa de Dreux (Ibid.). Died: in 1299 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.3 Guillaume = Gui = Guy d'Avesnes (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye- des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.) (Ibid.). Born: between 1173 and 1191 at Carthage, Tunisia, son of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise. Occupation: before 1219 Guillaume was a knight (Ibid.). Died: in 1219 Guy was killed by the Jeanne Comtesse de Flandres faction (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4 Bouchard d'Avesnes (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-26.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Bouchard, Archdeacon of Laon. AKA: Bouchard d'Avesnes, Canon of Saint-Pierre-de Lille. AKA: Bouchard, Seigneur d'Étroën. AKA: Bouchard, Bailli de Hainaut (Abbott, Page 560.). Born: circa 1180, son of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise. Note - between 1205 and 1239: Bouchard held a Doctor Juris Degree. At first a Cleric, he returned to the lay world in 1205. He was knighted in 1239. Married before 23 Jul 1212: Marguerite, Comtesse de Flandre,, daughter of Baudouin VI, Count de Hainaut and Marie de Champagne (Having left the ecclesiastical life to which he had been destined, Bouchard secretely married Marguerite. She was Bouchard's first wife. The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names "Buchardi Avenennsis" as brother of "Galteri comitis Blesensis", specifying that he married "Margareta" [Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana, Continuatio Leidensis et Divionensis (Cod. Divion. et Cisterc. addunt), MGH SS IX, p. 308]. After his marriage, which was arranged by Philippe II King of France, he demanded a share of his late father-in-law's inheritance. After his sister-in-law Jeanne Ctss of Flanders complained to Pope Innocent III, the marriage was annulled by the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 on the basis that Bouchard had previously taken holy orders. The couple remained together until Bouchard was captured by his sister-in-law in 1219. He was released two years later on condition that he separated from his wife. Pope Gregory IX declared the marriage invalid 31 Mar 1237 and the children illegitimate. Pope Gregory IX declared the marriage invalid 31 Mar 1237 and the children illegitimate. He and his brother were legitimated by the Pope (Pope Innocent IV) in 1251, on the request of his mother) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539 - 540.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_ftn575.). Divorced Marguerite, Comtesse de Flandre: in 1221. Died: in 1244 at Étraeungt, Nord, Artois, France, Bouchard is buried at the Abbey of Clairefontaine.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.1 Baudouin d'Avesnes. Born: between 1213 and 1218 at Carthage, Tunisia, son of Bouchard d'Avesnes and Marguerite, Comtesse de Flandre. Died: in 1219 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2 Jean I, Seigneur d'Avesnes (Stuart, Page 32, Line 50-25.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.). Note - between 1218 and 1244: Jean I was Seneschal of Frédérick II, Seigneur of Étroën, Count of Hainault, Hollande and Flanders. As the child of a cleric, Jean I was declared a bastard by the Pope in 1236 and in 1244, but was legitimatized by the Emperor Frédérick V in 1244. Born: on 1 May 1218 at Avesnes, Nord, Flandre, France, son of Bouchard d'Avesnes and Marguerite, Comtesse de Flandre. AKA: Jean, Count de Hainaut Hainaut = Haynault (Abbott, Page 559.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Married on 9 Oct 1246 at France: Adélaïde, Regent de Hollande,, daughter of Florenz IV, Count de Hollande and Mathilde de Brabant. Died: on 24 Dec 1257 at age 39 Jean I is buried in Valenciennes. 1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1 Jean II d'Avesnes (Stuart, Page 33, Line 50-24.). AKA: Jean II, Comte de Zélande Jean was Comte de Zélande through his mother (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Born: in 1247 at Brabant, Hollande, France, son of Jean I, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Adélaïde, Regent de Hollande. Married in 1270: Philippa de Luxembourg,, daughter of Henry II/III, Count de Luxembourg and Mathilde de Bar-le-Duc (Ibid.). AKA: Jean II, Count de Hainaut (Abbott, Page 559.). AKA: Jean II, Count de Hollande Jean was Comte de Hollande through his mother (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). AKA: Jean II, Comte de Frisé. Died: on 22 Aug 1304 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.1 Jean, Comte de Hainaut (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Beaumont (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Count d'Ostrevant (Ibid.). Born: between 1271 and 1282, son of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg, Jean is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Married in 1296: Blanche, Princesse de France,, daughter of Philippe III, King de France and Marie de Brabant (Ibid.). Died: on 11 Jul 1302 at Courtrai, Kortrijk, Courtrai, Flandre Occidentale, Belgium, Jean was killed in action.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.2 Henri de Hainaut (Henri was a chanoine (canon) de Cambrai) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Born: between 1271 and 1283, son of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg. Died: in 1303 at Cambrai, Nord, Flandre, France.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.3 Jean de Hainaut (Ibid., Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Condé (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de La Goude (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Thol (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Beaumont (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Valenciennes (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (M. de La Chenaye- des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Born: between 1272 and 1285, son of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg, Jean was the third son of Jean II and Philippe (Ibid.). Married on 9 Jan 1317: Marguerite, Countess de Soissons,, daughter of Hughes, Count de Soissons and Jeanne. Dame d'argiès (Ibid.). Died: on 11 Mar 1356.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.4 Alix de Hainaut. Married Name: Norfolk. Born: before 1280, daughter of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg, Alix is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Roger. Married in 1290: Roger, Earl of Norfolk. Died: on 26 Oct 1317.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.5 Marie de Hainaut (Ibid., Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 4.). Married Name: de Bourbon. Born: in 1280, daughter of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married in Sep 1310 at France: Louis I, Duke de Bourbon,, son of Robert, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Béatrix de Bourgogne (Source is from a note posted on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service a computer online service, By Robert Carver, MGC [Prodigy ID#CQGW37A] Under Topic "Royal/Noble/Heraldry" in Subject "Ancestry of Louis XV", posted 25 February 1998 at 13:47 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Died: in Aug 1354 (Ibid., Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 4.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.6 Isabelle de Hainaut (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 April 1994 @ 15:57 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des- Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 634.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Married Name: de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. Born: before 1281, daughter of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg, Isabelle is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Raoul. Married on 14 Jan 1296: Raoul III de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis,, son of Simon II, Count de Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Alix=Adèle de Montfort- l'Amaury (Isabelle was Raoul III's second wife) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Died: in Dec 1305.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.7 Marguerite de Hainaut. Married Name: d'Artois. Born: before 1283 at France, daughter of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg, Marguerite is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age when she married Robert II. Married on 18 Oct 1298 at France: Robert II, Count d'Artois,, son of Robert I, Count d'Artois and Mahaut de Brabant (Marguerite was Robert II's third wife, and he was her first husband) (M. de La Chenaye-des- Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Died: on 18 Oct 1342.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.8 Guillaume (I/III), Comte de Hainaut (Hainaut = Haynault) (Stuart, Page 33, Line 50-23.) (Abbott, Page 559.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). AKA: Guillaume III d'Avesnes. AKA: Guillaume III, Count de Hollande (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume "Le Bon" (Ibid.). AKA: Guillaume, Comte d'Ostrevant (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: circa 1286 at Belgium, son of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg. AKA: Guillaume, Seigneur de Frisé (Ibid.). Married on 19 May 1305 at Chauny, Aisne, Picardie, France: Jeanne de Valois,, daughter of Charles I, Count de Valois and Marguerite, Princesse de Sicile (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). Died: on 7 Jun 1337 at Valenciennes, Nord, Flandre, France.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.1.9 Simon de Hainaut. Born: between 1288 and 1304, son of Jean II d'Avesnes and Philippa de Luxembourg.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.2 Bouchard de Hainaut. AKA: Bouchard, Bishop de Metz (Ibid.). Born: in 1251, son of Jean I, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Adélaïde, Regent de Hollande (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: on 29 Nov 1296 at Ancient Capital of Austrasia, Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.3 Guido de Hainaut (Guido=Gui was the Treasurer of Lièges) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 540.). AKA: Guido, Bishop of Utrecht (Ibid.). Born: in 1253, son of Jean I, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Adélaïde, Regent de Hollande. Died: on 28 May 1317 at Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.4 Jean de Hainaut (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Bishop de Cambrai (Ibid.). Born: in 1254, son of Jean I, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Adélaïde, Regent de Hollande. Died: in 1296 at Cambrai, Hainaut, Flandre, France.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.5 Florenz de Hainaut. AKA: Florenz, Prince d'Achaïe. Born: in 1255, son of Jean I, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Adélaïde, Regent de Hollande, Florent was the fifth son of Jean I d'Avesnes and Alix de Hollande (Ibid., Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Married on 16 Sep 1287: Isabelle=Isabeau de Villehardouin,, daughter of Guillaume II de Villehardouin and Anna Angela Komnena (Some sources indicate that Florenz and Isabelle were married in 1289). Died: on 23 Jan 1297.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.2.5.1 Mathilde=Mahaud de Hainaut (Paul Theroff, posts, 14 January 1995 at 05:20 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Married Name: de Bourgogne. Married Name: de Naples. Married Name: de La Roche-sur-l'Ognon. Married Name: de La Palisse. AKA: Marie, Princess d'Achaïe (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: on 29 Nov 1293, daughter of Florenz de Hainaut and Isabelle=Isabeau de Villehardouin. Married between 1294 and 1308: Guy de La Roche-sur-l'Ognon,, son of Guillaume de La Roche-sur-l'Ognon and Hélène Komnenedukaine (Guy was the first of Mathilde's four husbands). AKA: Marie, Princess of de La Morée (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Married on 31 Jul 1313 at Italy: Louis de Bourgogne,, son of Robert II, Duke de Bourgogne and Agnès, Princess de France (Ibid.). Married in 1318: Giovanni de Naples,, son of Charles II, King de Naples and Maria, Princess of Hungary. Divorced Giovanni de Naples: in 1321. Married between 1322 and 1331: Hughes de La Palisse (Hughes was Mathilde's fourth husband). Died: either 1331 or 1336 at Aversa, Naples, Italy.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3 Baudouin d'Avesnes. AKA: Baudouin, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger (Abbott, Page 227.). AKA: Baudouin, Seigneur de Beaumont (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 540, 541.). Born: in Sep 1219, son of Bouchard d'Avesnes and Marguerite, Comtesse de Flandre. Married in 1246 at France: Félicité de Coucy,, daughter of Thomas II de Coucy and Mahaut de Rethel (Félicité was Baudouin second wife) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 540, 541.). Died: on 10 Apr 1295 at age 75.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.1 Béatrice=Béatrix d'Avesnes (Paul Theroff, posts, 21 September 1994 at 23:36 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Married Name: de Luxembourg. AKA: Béatrice de Beaumont. Born: in Mar 1256 at France, daughter of Baudouin d'Avesnes and Félicité de Coucy. Married either 1261 or 1265 at Belgium: Henri III/VI, Count de Luxembourg,, son of Henry II/III, Count de Luxembourg and Mathilde de Bar-le-Duc. Died: on 25 Feb 1321 at France at age 64 Béatrice is buried at the Abbaye de Beaumont, in Valenciennes.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.1.1 Valéran de Luxembourg (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Valéran, Seigneur de Thirimont. AKA: Valéran, Seigneur de Consorre. AKA: Valéran, Seigneur de Dourlers. Born: between 1262 and 1283, son of Henri III/VI, Count de Luxembourg and Béatrice=Béatrix d'Avesnes (Ibid.). Died: in 1311 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.1.2 Félicité de Luxembourg (Ibid.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: between 1263 and 1284, daughter of Henri III/VI, Count de Luxembourg and Béatrice=Béatrix d'Avesnes (Ibid.). Married in 1298: Jean I, Seigneur de Leewe (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Married Name: de Leewe (Ibid.). Died: in 1336 (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.1.3 Henry IV/VII, Count de Luxembourg (Paul Theroff, posts, 16 January 1995 at 19:02 Hours.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 1274 at Germany, son of Henri III/VI, Count de Luxembourg and Béatrice=Béatrix d'Avesnes. Occupation: between 1288 and 1310 Henri VII was Comte de Luxembourg from 1288 to 1310 (Ibid.). Married in 1292: Marguerite de Brabant,, daughter of Jean, Duke de Brabant and Marguerite de Flandre. AKA: Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor of Germany. Died: in 1313.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.1.4 Baudoin de Luxembourg (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Baudoin, Archbishop-Prince de Trèves (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: in 1285, son of Henri III/VI, Count de Luxembourg and Béatrice=Béatrix d'Avesnes (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Died: in 1354 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.1.5 Marguerite de Luxembourg (Ibid., http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: between 1286 and 1288, daughter of Henri III/VI, Count de Luxembourg and Béatrice=Béatrix d'Avesnes (Ibid.). Died: in 1336 Marguerite was a nun (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.2 Jean d'Avesnes. AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Beaumont (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Born: between 1257 and 1263 at France, son of Baudouin d'Avesnes and Félicité de Coucy, Jean is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Married before 1277: Agnès de Valence,, daughter of Guillaume de Valence and Joan de Munchenay (Jean was Agnès' third husband) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Page 541.). Died: on 18 Feb 1283. 1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.2.1 Jean d'Avesnes. Born: before 1277 at France, son of Jean d'Avesnes and Agnès de Valence, Jean is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Died: in 1297.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.2.2 Félicité d'Avesnes. Born: before 1277 at France, daughter of Jean d'Avesnes and Agnès de Valence, Félicité is presumed to have been at least 5 years of age when she died. Died: in 1282.

1.1.1.3.4.1.4.3.2.3 Baudouin d'Avesnes. AKA: Baudouin, Seigneur de Beaumont (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: before 1279 at France, son of Jean d'Avesnes and Agnès de Valence, Baudouin is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Died: in 1299.

1.1.1.3.4.1.5 Jacques d'Avesnes. AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Landrèchies. AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Landrecies. Born: between 1180 and 1191 at France, son of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise. Married circa 1196: N? de Créqui,, daughter of Baudouin IV, Seigneur de Créqui and Marguerite de Saint-Omer. Died: between 1196 and 1210 Jacques was alive in the year 1196. Some sources claim he died that year.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6 Ide = Adélaïde d'Avesnes (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: d'Enghien. Born: in 1181 at France, daughter of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise. Married before 1223: Engelbert IV d'Enghien,, son of Engelbert III d'Enghien and Élizabeth de Trazégnies (The late 13th century genealogy by Balduinus de Avennis names "Machtildem, Aelidem, Adeluyam et Agnetem" as the four daughters of "Nicolai Plukelli filius primogenitus Jacobus" and his wife, adding that "tertia…filia…Adeluya" married "domino de Enghien Engelberto" by whom she had one son and two daughters and naming their descendants [Balduinus DEAVENIS, vix. c. an. 1285. Ejus Genea-logice editcetorn. 7. Spicileg. pag. 560-561]). Died: in 1266 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1 Adèlive d'Enghien (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). Married Name: de Malines. Married before 1222 at France: Gauthier=Walter VI, Seigneur de Malines,, son of Egidius Berthout de Malines and N? N? Born: before 1223 at France, daughter of Engelbert IV d'Enghien and Ide = Adélaïde d'Avesnes, Adèlive is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when her husband, Berthout VI, died.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1.1 Gauthier=Walter VII de Malines (André Roux: Scrolls, 128, 144.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 22 April 1994 at 01:39 hours.). AKA: Walter VII Berthout (Paul Theroff, posts, 02 October 1994 at 22:39 Hours.). AKA: Walter VII, Seigneur de Malines. AKA: Walter Berthout Heer van Mechelen (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/AUVERGNE.htm#_Toc389204247.). Born: before 1223 at Malines, Anvers, Belgium, son of Gauthier=Walter VI, Seigneur de Malines and Adèlive d'Enghien. Married in 1238: Marie Sophie d'Auvergne,, daughter of Guillaume VIII (X), Count d'Auvergne and Alix de Brabant. Died: circa 1286.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1.1.1 Walter VIII, Seigneur de Malines (Paul Theroff, posts, 16 January 1995 at 19:02 Hours.). AKA: Walter-Gautier VIII Berthout (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 195.). Born: before 1256, son of Gauthier=Walter VII de Malines and Marie Sophie d'Auvergne, Walter VIII is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Walter IX was born. Married circa 1271: Alix Adélise de Guînes,, daughter of Arnoul III, Count de Guînes and Alix de Coucy. Died: in 1288 at Worringen Walter VIII was killed in action.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1.1.2 Mahaut de Malines (André Roux: Scrolls, 144.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome V (Volume 5), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 291.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). AKA: Mathilde Berthout. AKA: Marie, Dame de Chantocé (Paul Theroff, posts, 02 October 1994 at 22:39 Hours.). Married Name: de Beaumont. AKA: Marie de Malines. Married Name: de Craon. Born: before 1262 at Malines, Anvers, Belgium, daughter of Gauthier=Walter VII de Malines and Marie Sophie d'Auvergne, Mahaut is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son Amaury III was born. Married between 1275 and 1276: Maurice VI/V, Sire de Craon,, son of Maurice V/IV de Craon and Isabeau de Lusignan. Married circa 1305 at France: Jean I, Seigneur de Beaumont- au-Maine,, son of Louis, Vicomte de Beaumont-au-Maine and Agnès, Vicomtesse de Beaumont-au-Maine (Marie was Jean's second wife). Died: on 28 Sep 1327 at Anjou, France, Marie is buried in Angers. Some sources indicate that Mahaut died 28 Sep 1306.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1.1.3 Florenz Berthout (Paul Theroff, posts, 27 August 1994 at 03:09 Hours.). AKA: Florenz, Seigneur de Malines. AKA: Floris, Seigneur de Berlaer. Born: before 1279, son of Gauthier=Walter VII de Malines and Marie Sophie d'Auvergne, Florenz was born before Willem. Married before 1301: Mechtild von der Mark. Died: in 1331.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1.1.4 Willem Berthout (Paul Theroff, posts, 16 January 1995 at 19:02 Hours.). Born: before 1280 at Belgium, son of Gauthier=Walter VII de Malines and Marie Sophie d'Auvergne. Occupation: before 1301 at Utrecht, Utrecht, Willem was the Bishop of Utrecht. Died: in 1301 Willem was killed in action.

1.1.1.3.4.1.6.1.1.5 Sophie Berthout (Ibid.). Born: before 1280 at Belgium, daughter of Gauthier=Walter VII de Malines and Marie Sophie d'Auvergne. Died: in 1299.

1.1.1.3.4.1.7 Gauthier II, Seigneur d'Avesnes (André Roux: Scrolls, 208.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770),

Pages 539.) (Ibid.). AKA: Gautier II, Seigneur de Trélon (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Gautier II, Seigneur de Landrecies (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Gautier II, Seigneur de Leuse (Ibid.). AKA: Gauthier II, Seigneur de Condé (Ibid.). AKA: Gautier, Seigneur de Guise (Abbott, Page 119.) (M. de La Chenaye-des- Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Gautier, Seigneur de Condé-sur- l'Escaut (Abbott, Page 561.). Born: between 1181 and 1190 at France, son of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise, Gauthier II is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time his daughter Marie was born. Married in 1204 at France: Marguerite, Comtesse de Blois,, daughter of Thibault, Count de Champagne and Alix, Princesse de France (Marguerite was the widow of two husbands when she married Gauthier II) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). AKA: Gautier, Comte de Blois by right of his wife (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_Toc441662067.). Note - between 23 Aug 1217 and 8 Sep 1221: Gauthier participated in the Fifth Crusade. The Fifth Crusade (23 August 1217 – 8 September 1221) was an attempt to take back Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt. Pope Honorius III organized crusading armies led by Leopold VI of Austria and Andrew II of Hungary, and a foray against Jerusalem ultimately left the city in Muslim hands. Later in 1218 a German army led by Oliver of Cologne and a mixed army of Dutch, Flemish and Frisian soldiers led by William I, Count of Holland arrived. In order to attack Damietta in Egypt, they allied with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm in Anatolia, who attacked the Ayyubids in Syria in an attempt to free the Crusaders from fighting on two fronts. After occupying the port of Damietta, the Crusaders marched south towards Cairo in July of 1221, but were turned back after their dwindling supplies led to a forced retreat. A nighttime attack by Sultan Al-Kamil resulted in a great number of crusader losses and eventually in the surrender of the army. Al-Kamil agreed to an eight-year peace agreement with Europe. In spring 1213, Pope Innocent III issued the papal bull Quia maior, calling all of Christendom to join a new crusade. The kings and emperors of Europe, however, were preoccupied with fighting among themselves. At the same time, Pope Innocent III did not want their help, because a previous crusade led by kings had failed in the past. He ordered processions, prayers, and preaching to help organize the crusade, as these would involve the general population, the lower nobles, and knights. The message of the crusade was preached in France by Robert of Courçon; however, unlike other Crusades, not many French knights joined, as they were already fighting the Albigensian Crusade against the heretical Cathar sect in southern France. In 1215, Innocent III called the Fourth Lateran Council, where, along with the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Raoul of Merencourt, he discussed the recovery of the Holy Land, among other church business. Innocent wanted this crusade to be under the full control of the papacy, as the First Crusade was supposed to have been, in order to avoid the mistakes of the Fourth Crusade, which had been taken over by the Venetians. Innocent planned for the crusaders to meet at Brindisi in 1216, and prohibited trade with the Muslims to ensure that the crusaders would have ships and weapons. Every crusader would receive an indulgence, including those who simply helped pay the expenses of a crusader but did not go on crusade themselves. Oliver of Cologne had preached the crusade in Germany, and Emperor Frederick II attempted to join in 1215. Frederick was the last monarch Innocent wanted to join, as he had challenged the Papacy (and would do so in the years to come). Innocent, however, died in 1216. He was succeeded by Pope Honorius III, who barred Frederick from participating, but organized crusading armies led by king Andrew II of Hungary and duke Leopold VI of Austria. Andrew had the largest royal army in the history of the crusades (20,000 knights and 12,000 castle-garrisons). Andrew of Hungary and his troops embarked on 23 August 1217 in Spalato. They landed on 9 October on Cyprus from where they sailed to Acre and joined John of Brienne, ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Hugh I of Cyprus, and Prince Bohemund IV of Antioch to fight against the Ayyubids in Syria. In Jerusalem, the walls and fortifications were demolished to prevent the Christians from being able to defend the city if they should reach it and take it. Muslims fled the city, afraid that there would be a repeat of the bloodbath of the First Crusade in 1099. Andrew's well-mounted army defeated sultan Al-Adil I at Bethsaida on the Jordan River on 10 November. Muslim forces retreated in their fortresses and towns. The catapults and trebuchets didn't arrive in time, so he had fruitless assaults on the fortresses of the Lebanon and on Mount Tabor. Afterwards, Andrew spent his time collecting alleged relics. Andrew and his army departed to Hungary in February 1218, and Bohemund and Hugh also returned home. Later in 1218, Oliver of Cologne arrived with a new German army and the count of Holland William I arrived with a mixed army consisting of Dutch, Flemish and Frisian soldiers. With Leopold and John they discussed attacking Damietta in Egypt. To accomplish this they allied with Keykavus I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rum in Anatolia, who attacked the Ayyubids in Syria in an attempt to free the Crusaders from fighting on two fronts. On 24 May 1218, the crusaders left Acre. On 27 May 1218, Under the leadership of Jean de Brienne, the crusaders began their siege of Damietta, and despite resistance from the unprepared sultan Al-Adil, the tower outside the city was taken on 25 August. They could not gain Damietta itself, and in the ensuing months diseases killed many of the crusaders, including Robert of Courçon. Al-Adil also died and was succeeded by Al-Kamil. Meanwhile, Honorius III sent Pelagius of Albano to lead the crusade in 1219 . Al-Kamil tried to negotiate peace with the crusaders. He offered to trade Damietta for Jerusalem, but Pelagius would not accept these offers. After hearing this Count William I of Holland left the crusade and sailed home. In August or September 1219, Francis of Assisi arrived in the crusader camp and crossed over to preach to Al-Kamil. By November, the crusaders had worn out the sultan's forces, and were finally able to occupy the port. Immediately the papal and secular powers fought for control of the town, with Jean of Brienne claiming it for himself in 1220, and the noble and pious crusaders only too happy to loot it for several days finding enough loot to inspire them to attack Cairo next, their only obstacle to a powerless Egypt and an open road to Jerusalem. Pelagius would not accept this and Jean returned to Acre later that year. Pelagius hoped Frederick II would arrive with a fresh army, but Frederick never arrived. But in May 1221 he sent much of his army, including Louis of Bavaria as his representative. Jean de Brienne also returned. Louis argued for an immediate offensive, and those present assumed he spoke for the Emperor, so it was agreed. Pelagius didn't have the Emperor, but he had an army and he at last had agreement. The Crusaders formed their army in their old camp on 29 June. King John arrived on 7 July still urging caution, but he was ignored. Everyone now was enthusiastic for a new enterprise. They were running low on funds, the prophetic book had predicted the fall of the Sultan, and the newcomers wanted battle. The army began preparations on 4 July and set out on 17 July. It was one of the largest Crusader armies, with an estimated five thousand knights and forty thousand foot soldiers, plus arches and a large number of unarmed pilgrims. The Egyptians had advanced to meet the Christians, but retreated from their forward position at Sharimshah when they saw the size of the army. Pelagius moved out in pursuit. The Egyptians took up a position behind the river Bahr as-Saghir, which runs from Lake Manzalah to the Nile. The Christians marched in right after them and set up camp. With much of the Muslim strength in the field, it was here that the battle for Egypt would be decided. The Christians were in a death trap. When they marched up into the angle formed by the Nile and the Bahr as-Saghir, the army had crossed a dry canal. No one thought to consider it a danger. Worse, Pelagius had neglected to bring adequate supplies, thinking to capture the enemy supplies quickly. A Christian fleet of about six hundred ships was in the Nile--enough to keep the army re-supplied at to support its advance. Once it was clear that Mansourah could not be taken quickly, fortifications were built on the other two sides of the triangle. There were plenty of locals to tell the Crusaders how easily the Muslims could trap them, but Pelagius would not listen. King John again urged acceptance of al-Kamil's terms, but rejecting his advice had become almost automatic by this time. A couple of weeks passed in this manner. It was August, and the Nile was rising a little every day. Soon, the waters were high enough and water flowed into the canal. Within a few days, the levels were high enough to send ships down it, cutting the Christians off from retreat and from being re-supplied from Damietta. The fleet was trapped, the army was trapped, and there was food enough for only twenty days. Many in the army urged immediate retreat, before their situation grew worse. At last awakening to the peril, Pelagius agreed. On the night of 26 August, without ever having fought a battle, the great army began its retreat. The first thing many of the common soldiers did was to get drunk. They evidently could not bear to leave behind them all of their wine, and since they could not bring it with them, they drank it. Consequently, many of them were in various stages of intoxication when the order came to move out. Falling under the heading of "seemed like a good idea at the time", the Teutonic Knights set fire to the supplies in order to deny them to the enemy. Having been alerted by the flames to the fact that the Christians were retreating, al-Kamil ordered the banks of the canal cut. Water flooded the very ground into which the Christians were retreating and the soldiers quickly found themselves wading through mud or falling into gullies now filled with water. Under these conditions, the Egyptians attacked. The military orders, and the knights under King John put up a valiant defense and saved what they could of the army. Many of the infantry perished, however, it being unusually difficult to fight at night in the mud when you're drunk. The remnant of the army withdrew to the camp, which now had no supplies thanks to the prompt action of the Teutonic Knights earlier in the evening. The fleet tried to escape, too. The Nile was running in flood now, so some ships managed to make it through the Egyptian blockade, including one which bore Cardinal Pelagius. From the safety of Damietta he now concluded that all was lost. He opened negotiations with al-Kamil two days later, on 28 August 1221. By the 30th, the terms were settled. The Sultan no longer needed to offer the return of Jerusalem, for he had the Crusader army, including King John, at his mercy. On the other hand, the Christians still held Damietta, which they had recently fortified, and another Christian fleet was on its way. Al-Kamil therefore asked only that the Christians leave Egypt. Damietta would be returned to the Muslims, and the Christians would observe a truce of eight years with Egypt. Both sides would return their prisoners, and al-Kamil would return the True Cross which he did not even have but didn’t bother telling the crusaders that. There was some inital fervent resistance to handing back Damietta. But with many of the leaders trapped at Sharimshah, there was little point in holding out. After a few days, the garrison agreed. The Sultan generously fed the army and entertained King John and the others. On 8 September, the Crusaders boarded their ships and al-Kamil took possession of Damietta. The failure of the Crusade caused an outpouring of anti-papal sentiment from the Occitan poet Guilhem Figueira. The more orthodox Gormonda de Monpeslier responded to Figueira's D'un sirventes far with a song of her own, Greu m'es a durar. Instead of blaming the Pelagius or the Papacy, she laid the blame on the "foolishness" of the wicked.

Note - between 10 Jun 1226 and 13 Sep 1226 at Avignon, Languedoc, France: Gauthier II fought at the Battle of Avignon. 10 June – 13 September 1226. Avignon, written in the form of Avennio in the ancient texts and inscriptions, takes its name from the House, or Clan, Avennius [d'Arbois de Jubainville, "Recherches sur l'origine de la propriété foncière et des noms des lieux habités en France" (Paris,1890), 518]. Founded by theCavari, who were of Celtic origin, it became the centre of an important Phocaean colony from Marseilles. Under the Roman occupation, it was one of the most flourishing cities of Gallia Narbonensis; later, and during the inroads of the barbarians, it belonged in turn to the Goths, the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths, and to the Frankish kings of Austrasia. In 736 it fell into the hands of the Saracens, who were driven out by Charles Martel. Boso having been proclaimed King of Provence, or of Arles, by the Synod of Mantaille, at the death of Louis the Stammerer (879), Avignon ceased to belong to the Frankish kings. In 1033, when Conrad II fell heir to the Kingdom of Arles, Avignon passed to the empire. The German rulers, however, being at a distance, Avignon took advantage of their absence to set up as a republic with a consular form of government, between 1135 and 1146. In addition to the emperor, the Counts of Forcalquier, Toulouse and Provence exercised a purely nominal sway over the city; on two occasions, in 1125, and in 1251, the two latter divided their rights in regard to it, while the Count of Forcalquier resigned any that he possessed to the bishops and consuls in 1135. On Sunday, 30 November 1225, at Bourges, in a scenario all too familiar, fourteen archbishops, one hundred and thirteen bishops, and one hundred and fifty abbots, all fretting about the persistence of heresy and the reinvigoration of the southern nobility, excommunicated Raimon VII and proclaimed the continuation of the crusade. Aimery de Montfort had, by this time, ceded all his (somewhat brittle) rights to the king of France, Louis VIII. So, with the financial and moral aid of the new papal legate to France, Roman Frangipani, Louis VIII prepared to invade the Midi for a third time. Royal prestige, and the efficient bureaucracy established by Philip II Augustus, sufficed to persuade enough barons of France to join their king at Lyon in June 1226 for what would be a majestic campaign of conquest. This royal host was easily twice the size of the crusading army of 1209. The king captured Avignon in September 1226, then proceeded to march toward Toulouse. During the crusade against the Albigenses the citizens refused to open the gates of Avignon to Louis VIII and the legate, but capitulated after a three months' siege (10 June - 13 September, 1226) and were forced to pull down the ramparts and fill up the moat of their city. Louis VIII, after his initial delay at Avignon, hastily occupied the possessions of the Trencavels along the Aude, but before he could strengthen his position, the thirty-nine-year-old king died (from an illness he caught during the Avignon siege) on Sunday, 8 November 1226, at Montpensier. "Rome, you killed good King Louis," no question about it, so the Toulousain troubadour Guilhem Figueira sang in his bitter and angry sirventes (an overtly satirical canso) a few years later, "because, with your false preaching, you lured him away from Paris." The death of Louis VIII did not end the war in the south. The king had installed sénéchaux and baillis, royal administrators, in his newly acquired lands and had reorganized (along northern French lines) the territories ceded to him by Aimery de Montfort as the sénéchaussées of Beaucaire-Nîmes and Carcassonne-Béziers. All this royal domain was placed firmly under the control of his cousin Imbert de Beaujeu and protected by five hundred northern French knights. The crusade, as undertaken by Imbert de Beaujeu, became an exercise in the gradual exhaustion of Raimon VII and the county of Toulouse. It was a campaign of one small atrocity after another, of a vineyard burnt here, of a field destroyed there, of hamlets razed, of men and women murdered. The castra of the Toulousain and the Lauragais were especially hurt by Imbert de Beaujeu. Finally, Raimon VII, badly in debt, starved of resources, and fighting a losing battle against the éclat of the French crown, was offered the chance for peace--which he gladly took in 1229. On Holy Thursday, 12 April 1229, the Peace of Paris, whose twenty-two articles had already been accepted by an ecclesiastical concilium at Meaux in January 1229, officially ended the Albigensian Crusade. The thirty-one-year-old Raimon VII swore submission to the Church and to the not yet fifteen-year-old Louis IX. He had to dismiss all mercenaries, remove any Jews in his service, and, from then on, confiscate the property of anyone who remained excommunicated for more than a year. This last clause particularly affected the numerous southern nobles, knights, and other persons exiled from their properties whom the northern French called faidits--rebel, heretical sympathizer, fugitive, and criminal all at once. The count of Toulouse, though no longer an ex- communicant or faidit himself, forfeited to the French crown over two- thirds of the lands formerly held by his father. Raimon VII, as a vassal of the French king, was permitted to keep most of the diocese of Toulouse, including the Lauragais, the Albigeois north of the Tarn, the Rouergue, Quercy (but not Cahors), and the Agenais. The marquisate of Provence, east of the Rhône, however, was surrendered to the Church (though it would be returned to Raimon VII in 1234). In Toulouse itself the Château Narbonnais was to be occupied by the French crown for ten years. Philip the Fair, who had inherited from his father all the rights of Alphonse de Poitiers, last Count of Toulouse, made them over to Charles II, King of Naples and Count of Provence (1290); it was on the strength of this donation that Queen Joan sold the city to Clement VI for 80,000 florins (9 June, 1348).

Died: either 11 Jul 1243 or 11 Jul 1246.

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1 Marie, Dame d'Avesnes (Marie succeeded her mother in 1231 as Dame d'Avesnes) (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 353.). Married Name: de Châtillon-sur-Marne. AKA: Marie, Dame de Condé-sur-l'Escaut (Abbott, Page 561.). AKA: Marie, Comtesse de Blois (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Marie, Countess de Blois Marie succeeded her mother in 1231 as Ctss de Blois (André Roux: Scrolls, 122, 135, 208.) (M. de La Chenaye-des- Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 353.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#WautierIIAvesnesdied12431246.). Born: in 1204 at Champagne, France, daughter of Gauthier II, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Marguerite, Comtesse de Blois, Marie inherited all the lands of her father and of her mother. Married in Apr 1225 at France: Hughes I, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne,, son of Gaucher III, Count de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Élizabeth=Isabeau, Comtesse de Saint-Paul (Marie was Hughes' second wife). AKA: Marie, Dame de Leuze Marie succeeded her mother in 1231 as Ctss de Leuze (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#WautierIIAvesnesdied12431246.). AKA: Marie, Dame de Guise Marie succeeded her mother in 1231 as Ctss de Guise (Abbott, Page 119.). AKA: Marie, Dame de Trélon Marie succeeded her mother in 1231 as Dame de Trélon (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#WautierIIAvesnesdied12431246.). AKA: Marie, Dame de Landrecies Marie succeeded her mother in 1231 as Dame de Landrechies (Ibid.). Died: in 1241 Marie died after 12 April (M. de La Chenaye- des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 353 - 354.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#WautierIIAvesnesdied12431246.). She was New Tag The testament of “Maria comitissa Blesis et Sancti Pauli” is dated 12 Apr 1241 and names “dominus meus Hugo de Castellione comes Sancti Pauli et Blesis et…matertera mea Ysabellis comitissa Carnotensis…Richardo de Bellomonte et…consanguinea mea Matildi uxore sua” [Layettes du Trésor des Chartes, Paris, 1863-1902, 4 vol. Tome I : 755-1223, par A. Teulet, 1863, tome II : 1223-1246, par A. Teulet, 1866, tome III : 1247-1260, par J. de Laborde, 1875, tome IV : 1261-1270, par E. Berger, 1902. Supplément : inventaire analytique dactylographié. Inventaire analytique dans l’ordre chronologique reconstitué, imprimé, pour les actes antérieurs à 1270 : Layettes du Trésor des Chartes, tome V : ancienne série des Sacs, dite aujourd’hui Supplément, par H.-Fr. Delaborde, Paris, 1909.; Tome II, 2901, Page 443]. on 12 Apr 1241 (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_ftn573.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.1 Gui II, Comte de Châtillon-sur-Marne (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 217.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 354 - 355.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 360.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.) (Ibid.).

AKA: Gui IV, Count de Saint-Pol (Abbott, Page 288.). AKA: Guy, Seigneur de Condé-sur-l'Escaut (Abbott, Page 561.). AKA: Gui I, Comte de Blois (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). AKA: Gui I, Seigneur d'Encre (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355, 360.). AKA: Gui I, Count de Saint-Paul (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 360.). AKA: Gui I, Seigneur d'Aubigni (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.). Born: circa 1226 at Champagne, France, son of Hughes I, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Marie, Dame d'Avesnes. Married circa 1251 at France: Mahaut de Brabant,, daughter of Henri II, Duke de Brabant and Marie de Souabe (Mahaut was the widow of Robert I when she married Gui II). Note - in 1270: Guy II participated in the Eighth Crusade. The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX, King of France, in 1270. The Eighth Crusade is sometimes counted as the Seventh, if the Fifth and Sixth Crusades of Frederick II are counted as a single crusade. The Ninth Crusade is sometimes also counted as part of the Eighth. Louis was disturbed by events in Syria, where the Mamluk sultan Baibars had been attacking the remnant of the Crusader states. Baibars had seized the opportunity after a war pitting the cities of Venice and Genoa against each other (1256–1260) had exhausted the Syrian ports that the two cities controlled. By 1265 Baibars had captured Nazareth, Haifa, Toron, and Arsuf. Hugh III of Cyprus, nominal king of Jerusalem, landed in Acre to defend that city, while Baibars marched as far north as Armenia, which was at that time under Mongol control. Bertran d'Alamanon, a diplomat in the service of Charles of Anjou, and Ricaut Bonomel, a Templar in the Holy Land, both composed songs around 1265. Bertran criticized the decline of Christianity overseas, while Bonomel criticized the Papal policy of pursuing wars in Italy with money that should have gone overseas. These events led to Louis' call for a new crusade in March, 1267, although there was little support this time; Jean de Joinville, the chronicler who accompanied Louis on the Seventh Crusade, refused to go. Louis was soon convinced by his brother Charles of Anjou to attack Tunis first, which would give them a strong base for attacking Egypt, the focus of Louis' previous crusade as well as the Fifth Crusade before him, both of which had been defeated there. Charles, as King of Sicily, also had his own interests in this area of the Mediterranean. The Khalif of Tunis, Muhammad I al- Mustansir, also had connections with Christian Spain and was considered a good candidate for conversion. In 1270 Louis landed on the African coast in July, a very unfavorable season for landing. Much of the army became sick due to poor drinking water, his Damietta born son John Sorrow died on 3 August and on 25 August Louis himself died from a "flux in the stomach", one day after the arrival of Charles. His dying word was "Jerusalem." Charles proclaimed Louis' son Philip III the new king, but due to his youth Charles became the actual leader of the crusade. Due to further diseases the siege of Tunis was abandoned on 30 October by an agreement with the sultan. In this agreement the Christians gained free trade with Tunis, and residence for monks and priests in the city was guaranteed, so the crusade could be regarded as a partial success. After hearing of the death of Louis and the evacuation of the crusaders from Tunis, Sultan Baibars of Egypt cancelled his plan to send Egyptian troops to fight Louis in Tunis . The failure of the Eighth Crusade, like those of its predecessors, caused a response to be crafted in Occitan poetry by the troubadours. The death of Louis of France especially sparked their creative output, notable considering the hostility which the troubadours had had towards the French monarchy during the Albigensian Crusade. Three planhs, songs of lament, were composed for the death of Louis IX. Guilhem d'Autpol composed Fortz tristors es e salvaj'a retraire for Louis. Raimon Gaucelm de Bezers composed Qui “vol aver complida amistansa” to celebrate the preparations of the Crusade in 1268, but in 1270 he had to compose “Ab grans trebalhs” and ”ab grans marrimens” in commemoration of the French king. Austorc de Segret composed “No sai quim so, tan sui desconoissens,” a more general Crusading song, that laments Louis but also that either God or the Satan is misleading Christians. He also attacks Louis's brother Charles, whom he calls the caps e guitz (head and guide) of the infidels, because he convinced Louis to attack Tunis and not the Holy Land, and he immediately negotiated a peace with the Muslims after Louis's death. Charles now allied himself with Prince Edward of England, who had arrived in the meantime. When Charles called off the attack on Tunis, Edward continued on to Acre, the last crusader outpost in Syria. His time spent there is often called the Ninth Crusade.

Died: on 12 Mar 1289 Gui II was buried at the Church de Cercamp. He had distinguished himself at the Battle of Worms on 12 June 1288 by capturing the Duke de Gueldres and the Archbishop de Cologne (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.1.1 Béatrix de Châtillon-sur-Marne (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 143.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 203.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.) (Ibid., Tome III (Volume 3), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 203.) (Ibid.). Married Name: d'Eu. AKA: Béatrix de Saint-Paul (Ibid.). Born: before 1241 at Champagne, France, daughter of Gui II, Comte de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Mahaut de Brabant, Béatrix is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her daughter, Marguerite, was born. Married before 1255 at France: Jean I/II, Count d'Eu,, son of Alphonse dit d'Acre de Brienne and Marie de Lusignan. Died: in 1304 at Saint-Paul, France, Béatrix is buried in the Abbey de Cercamp (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.1.2 Jeanne de Châtillon-sur-Marne (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:59 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.). Married Name: de Chauvigny. Born: before 1258 at France, daughter of Gui II, Comte de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Mahaut de Brabant, Jeanne is presumed to have been at least 15 years of age by the time her son André was born. Married circa 1272 at France: Guillaume III de Chauvigny,, son of Guillaume II de Chauvigny and Agnès=Agathe de Lusignan (Jeanne de Châtillon was Guillaume III's first wife).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.1.3 Hughes II de Châtillon-sur-Marne (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:58 Hours.). AKA: Hughes, Seigneur de Châteaurenault (Abbott, Page 158.). AKA: Hughes, Comte de Saint-Paul Hughes was Comte de Saint-Pol from 1289 to 1292 (Abbott, Page 288.). AKA: Hughes, Seigneur de Guise (Abbott, Page 119.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Dunois (Ibid.). Born: before 1269 at France, son of Gui II, Comte de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Mahaut de Brabant, Hughes II is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time hemarried Béatrix. Married in 1287: Béatrix de Flandre,, daughter of Gui de Dampierre and Isabelle de Luxembourg (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.). AKA: Hughes, Seigneur d'Avesnes The Seigneurie d'Avesnes was brought to Hugues by his cousin, Jeanne de Châtillon in 1289 (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 354 - 355.). AKA: Hughes, Count de Blois Hughes succeeded in the Comté de Blois his cousin Jeanne de Châtillon-sur-Marne (Abbott, Page 94.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.). Died: in 1307 Hughes is buried at the Abbey de La Guiche near Blois (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.1.4 Jacques de Châtillon-sur-Marne (Mike Talbot was a Prodigy Member as of 5 September 1993 at which time he held the identification of YSHA60A. He discontinued his membership shortly thereafter when prices were raised, Letter dated 30 August 1994.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:59 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye- des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355, 361.) (Ibid., Tome IV

(Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 361.) (Ibid.). AKA: Jacques, Governor de Flandre (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 55.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Condé (Abbott, Page 561.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 454.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 55, 355, 361.). AKA: Jacques de Châtillon-de-Saint-Pol (Ibid., Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 454.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Carency Seigneur by marriage (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 361.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Leuze (Abbott, Page 561.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome II (Volume 2), MDCCLXXI (1771), Page 454.) (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 55, 355, 361.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur d'Aubigni Seigneur by marriage (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Pages 362.). AKA: Jacques, Seigneur de Buquoy Seigneur by marriage (Ibid.). Born: before 1282 at France, son of Gui II, Comte de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Mahaut de Brabant, Jacques is presumed to have been at least 20 years of age when he died. Married before 1299 at France: Catherine de Condé,, daughter of Nicolas, Seigneur de Condé and Catherine, Dame de Carency. Note - on 11 Jul 1302 at Kortrijk, Courtrai, Belgium: Jacques fought and died at the Battle of Courtrai. The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch: Guldensporenslag, French: Bataille des éperons d'or, or Battle of Courtrai) was fought on July 11, 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders. The reason for the battle was a French attempt to subdue the county of Flanders, which was formally part of the French kingdom and added to the crown lands in 1297, but resisted centralist French policies. In 1300, the French king Philip IV appointed Jacques de Châtillon as governor of Flanders and took the Count of Flanders, Guy of Dampierre, hostage. This instigated considerable unrest among the influential Flemish urban guilds.

After being exiled from their homes by French troops, the citizens of Bruges went back to their own city and murdered every Frenchman they could find there on May 18, 1302, known as the Brugse Metten. The French king could not let this go unpunished, so he sent a powerful force, led by Count Robert II of Artois. The Flemish response consisted of two groups; one group which consisted of 3,000 men from the city militia of Bruges, was led by William of Jülich, grandson of Count Guy, and Pieter de Coninck, one of the leaders of the uprising in Bruges. The other group, which consisted of about 2,500 men from the suburbs of Bruges and the coastal areas, was headed by Guy of Namur, son of Count Guy, with the two sons of Guy of Dampierre; the two groups met near Kortrijk. From the East came another 2,500 men, led by Jan Borluut from Ghent, and yet another 1,000 men from Ypres, led by Jan van Renesse from Zeeland. The Flemish were primarily town militia who were well equipped, with such weapons as the Goedendag and a long spear known as the Geldon. They were also well organized; the urban militias of the time prided themselves on their regular training and preparation, which allowed them to use the Geldon effectively. They numbered about 9,000, including 400 nobles. The biggest difference from the French and other feudal armies was that the Flemish force consisted solely of infantry. The French were by contrast a classic feudal army made up of a core of 2,500 noble cavalry, including knights and squires. They were supported by 1,000 crossbowmen, 1,000 spearmen and up to 3,500 other light infantry, totaling around 8,000. fter the Flemish unsuccessfully tried to take Kortrijk on July 9 and July 10, the two forces clashed on 11 July in an open field near the city.

The layout of the field, crossed by numerous ditches and streams, made it difficult for the French cavalry to charge the Flemish lines. They sent servants to place wood in the streams but did not wait for this to be done. The large French infantry force led the initial attack, which went well, but French commander Count Robert II of Artois recalled them so that the noble cavalry could claim the victory. Hindered by their own infantry and the tactically sound position of the Flemish militia, the French cavalry were an easy target for the heavily-armed Flemish. When they realized the battle was lost, the surviving French fled, only to be pursued over 10 km (6.2 mi) by the Flemish. Prior to the battle, the Flemish militia had either been ordered to take no prisoners or did not understand (or care for) the military custom of asking for a ransom for captured knights or nobles;[1] modern theory is that there was a clear order that forbade them to take prisoners as long as the battle was as yet undecided (this was to avoid the possibility of their ranks being broken when the Flemish infantry brought their hostages behind the Flemish lines).[4] Robert of Artois was surrounded and killed on the field.The large numbers of golden spurs that were collected from the French knights gave the battle its name[5]; at least a thousand noble cavaliers were killed, some contemporary accounts placing the total casualties at over ten thousand dead and wounded. The French spurs were hung in the Church of Our Lady in Kortrijk to commemorate the victory, and were taken back by the French eighty years later after the Battle of Westrozebeke. Some of the notable casualties: * Robert II, Count of Artois, the French commander * Raoul II of Clermont, Lord of Nesle, Constable of France * Guy I of Clermont, Lord of Breteuil, Marshal of France * Simon de Melun, Lord of La Loupe and Marcheville, Marshal of France * John I of Ponthieu, Count of Aumale * John of Trie, Count of Dammartin * John II of Brienne, Count of Eu * John d'Avesnes, Count of Ostrevant * Godfrey of Brabant, Lord of Aarschot * Jacques de Châtillon, Lord of Leuze * Pierre de Flotte, Chief Advisor to Philip IV the Fair.

Died: on 11 Jul 1302 at Courtrai, Kortrijk, Courtrai, Flandre Occidentale, Belgium, Jacques was killed.

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.1.5 Guy III de Châtillon-sur-Marne (In May 1296, Gui was made the Grand-Bouteiller de France by King Philippe Le Bel) (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 166.) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:59 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 355, 360.). AKA: Guy V, Count de Saint-Paul Saint-Paul = modern equivalence of Saint-Pol (Abbott, Page 288.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 360.). AKA: Gui, Seigneur de Doullens (Ibid.). AKA: Gui, Seigneur d'Encre (Ibid.). Born: before 1283 at France, son of Gui II, Comte de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Mahaut de Brabant, Guy is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when he married Marie. Married on 22 Jul 1292 at Champagne, France: Marie de Bretagne,, daughter of Jean II, Duke de Bretagne and Béatrix, Princess of England. PaterAlter before 1300 Guy III de Châtillon-sur-Marne/Béatrix de Châtillon-sur-Marne (an unknown value). Note - on 11 Jul 1302 at Kortrijk, Courtrai, Belgium: The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch: Guldensporenslag, French: Bataille des éperons d'or, or Battle of Courtrai) was fought on July 11, 1302, near Kortrijk in Flanders. The reason for the battle was a French attempt to subdue the county of Flanders, which was formally part of the French kingdom and added to the crown lands in 1297, but resisted centralist French policies. In 1300, the French king Philip IV appointed Jacques de Châtillon as governor of Flanders and took the Count of Flanders, Guy of Dampierre, hostage. This instigated considerable unrest among the influential Flemish urban guilds.

After being exiled from their homes by French troops, the citizens of Bruges went back to their own city and murdered every Frenchman they could find there on May 18, 1302, known as the Brugse Metten. The French king could not let this go unpunished, so he sent a powerful force, led by Count Robert II of Artois. The Flemish response consisted of two groups; one group which consisted of 3,000 men from the city militia of Bruges, was led by William of Jülich, grandson of Count Guy, and Pieter de Coninck, one of the leaders of the uprising in Bruges. The other group, which consisted of about 2,500 men from the suburbs of Bruges and the coastal areas, was headed by Guy of Namur, son of Count Guy, with the two sons of Guy of Dampierre; the two groups met near Kortrijk. From the East came another 2,500 men, led by Jan Borluut from Ghent, and yet another 1,000 men from Ypres, led by Jan van Renesse from Zeeland. The Flemish were primarily town militia who were well equipped, with such weapons as the Goedendag and a long spear known as the Geldon. They were also well organized; the urban militias of the time prided themselves on their regular training and preparation, which allowed them to use the Geldon effectively. They numbered about 9,000, including 400 nobles. The biggest difference from the French and other feudal armies was that the Flemish force consisted solely of infantry. The French were by contrast a classic feudal army made up of a core of 2,500 noble cavalry, including knights and squires. They were supported by 1,000 crossbowmen, 1,000 spearmen and up to 3,500 other light infantry, totaling around 8,000. fter the Flemish unsuccessfully tried to take Kortrijk on July 9 and July 10, the two forces clashed on 11 July in an open field near the city.

The layout of the field, crossed by numerous ditches and streams, made it difficult for the French cavalry to charge the Flemish lines. They sent servants to place wood in the streams but did not wait for this to be done. The large French infantry force led the initial attack, which went well, but French commander Count Robert II of Artois recalled them so that the noble cavalry could claim the victory. Hindered by their own infantry and the tactically sound position of the Flemish militia, the French cavalry were an easy target for the heavily-armed Flemish. When they realized the battle was lost, the surviving French fled, only to be pursued over 10 km (6.2 mi) by the Flemish.

Prior to the battle, the Flemish militia had either been ordered to take no prisoners or did not understand (or care for) the military custom of asking for a ransom for captured knights or nobles;[1] modern theory is that there was a clear order that forbade them to take prisoners as long as the battle was as yet undecided (this was to avoid the possibility of their ranks being broken when the Flemish infantry brought their hostages behind the Flemish lines).[4] Robert of Artois was surrounded and killed on the field.The large numbers of golden spurs that were collected from the French knights gave the battle its name[5]; at least a thousand noble cavaliers were killed, some contemporary accounts placing the total casualties at over ten thousand dead and wounded. The French spurs were hung in the Church of Our Lady in Kortrijk to commemorate the victory, and were taken back by the French eighty years later after the Battle of Westrozebeke. Some of the notable casualties: * Robert II, Count of Artois, the French commander * Raoul II of Clermont, Lord of Nesle, Constable of France * Guy I of Clermont, Lord of Breteuil, Marshal of France * Simon de Melun, Lord of La Loupe and Marcheville, Marshal of France * John I of Ponthieu, Count of Aumale * John of Trie, Count of Dammartin * John II of Brienne, Count of Eu * John d'Avesnes, Count of Ostrevant * Godfrey of Brabant, Lord of Aarschot * Jacques de Châtillon, Lord of Leuze * Pierre de Flotte, Chief Advisor to Philip IV the Fair.

Died: on 6 Apr 1317 (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 360.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.2 Gaucher IV de Châtillon-sur-Marne (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 145.) (Abbott, Pages 72.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354, 363.) (Ibid.)

(Ibid.). AKA: Gaucher IV, Seigneur de Créci (Ibid.). AKA: Gaucher IV, Seigneur de Crèvecoeur (Ibid.). Born: between 1226 and 1234 at Châtillon-sur-Marne, Champagne, France, son of Hughes I, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Marie, Dame d'Avesnes, Gaucher IV is presumed to have been at least 14 years of age when he married Isabeau. Married before 1248 at France: Isabeau de Villehardouin,, daughter of Guillaume de Villehardouin and Marguerite de Mello. Died: in 1261 at l'Abbaye de Pont-aux- Dames (Ibid., Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.2.1 Gaucher V/II, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne (Paul Theroff, posts, 09 August 1994 at 02:05 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page

363.). AKA: Gaucher, Comte de Château Porcien (Abbott, Page 72.). AKA: Gaucher II, Count de Porcéan Porcéan=Porcien (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.). Born: in 1249 at France, son of Gaucher IV de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Isabeau de Villehardouin. Married in 1276 at France: Isabelle de Dreux,, daughter of Robert I de Dreux and Isabeau de Villebéon (Isabelle was Gaucher V's first wife. Theroff' sources indicate they were married in 1276 but the Dictionnaire indicates the marriage took place in 1281). Married in 1301 at France: Hélissende de Vergy,, daughter of Jean I de Vergy and Marguerite de Noyers (Hélissende was Gaucher V's second wife, and he was her second husband) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.). Note - in 1302: In 1302, Jacques II, Seigneur de Château Porcien sold the county to Gaucher. Married in 1313 at France: Isabelle=Élisabeth, Dame de Rumigny,, daughter of Hughes II, Seigneur de Rumigny and Yolande de Nesle (Isabelle was Gaucher V's third wife. Isabeau was the widow of Thibaud II, Duke de Lorraine) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.). Died: in 1329.

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.2.2 Marie de Châtillon-sur-Marne (André Roux: Scrolls, 135, 186.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 363.). Married Name: de Noyers. Born: before 1261 at Champagne, France, daughter of Gaucher IV de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Isabeau de Villehardouin. Married in 1277: Miles V/VII, Seigneur de Noyers,, son of Miles IV/VI de Noyers and Alixent N? Died: after 1277.

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.3 Jean I de Châtillon-sur-Marne (In 1271, Jean I was named by King Philippe Le Hardi de France "Tutor, Defendor and Guard of the Kingdom and of its children," in case the Comte d'Alençon died. In 1271, he founded the convent des Frères-Prêcheurs de Blois. In 1273 he founded the Abbey de Guiche pour des Dames) (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:58 Hours.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Guise (Abbott, Page 119.). AKA: Jean, Count de Dunois (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur d'Avesnes (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). AKA: Jean, Count de Blois (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Count de Chartres (Ibid.). AKA: Jean, Seigneur de Condé-sur-l'Escaut (Abbott, Page 561.). Born: between 1227 and 1236 at France, son of Hughes I, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Marie, Dame d'Avesnes, Jean is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his daughter, Jeannre, was born. Married in 1254 at France: Alix de Bretagne,, daughter of Jean I, Duc de Bretagne and Blanche de Champagne (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). Died: on 28 Jun 1279 at France (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.3.1 Jeanne, Countess de Blois (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:58 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 94.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). Married Name: d'Alençon. AKA: Jeanne, Countess du Perche. AKA: Jeanne, Dame de Guise (Ibid.). AKA: Jeanne, Dame de Leuse (Ibid.). AKA: Jeanne de Châtillon- sur-Marne (Ibid.). AKA: Jeanne, Countess de Dunois (Ibid.). AKA: Jeanne, Dame de Landrecies (Ibid.). AKA: Jeanne, Dame de Condé (Ibid.). Born: in 1255 at France, daughter of Jean I de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Alix de Bretagne, Jeanne would have been 9 years of age when she married Pierre if she was born the year her parents got married. Jeanne was the only child of Jean I and Alix. Married in 1263 at France: Pierre, Count d'Alençon,, son of Louis IX, King de France and Marguerite, Queen de France (Pierre and Jeanne had no children. The marriage of Pierre and Jeanne was agreed upon in 1263 when she was nine years of age, and was activated in 1272) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). AKA: Jeanne, Countess de Chartres Jeanne sold the Comté de Chartres to King Philippe Le Bel de France in 1286 (Ibid.). AKA: Jeanne, Dame d'Avesnes Jeanne brought the Seigneurie d'Avesne to Hughes de Châtillon, Comte de Saint- Paul, her cousin in 1289 (Abbott, Page 560.) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.). Died: on 19 Jan 1291 at France Hughes de Châtillon, Comte de Saint- Paul (Jeanne's cousin) had 14 cells addedd to the Convent des Chartreux de Paris in 1290, to accomodate the number of nuns that Jeanne founded there in 1290. Jeanne died there on 12 January 1291 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.1.4 Hughes II de Châtillon-sur-Marne (Paul Theroff, posts, 25 May 1995 at 13:59 Hours.). Born: between 1228 and 1247 at France, son of Hughes I, Seigneur de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Marie, Dame d'Avesnes. Died: in 1255 Hughes died without posterity (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome IV (Volume 4), MDCCLXXII (1772), Page 354.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.2 Isabelle d'Avesnes. Married Name: d'Oisy. Born: circa 1206 at Carthage, Tunisia, daughter of Gauthier II, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Marguerite, Comtesse de Blois. Married before 1250 at France: Jean, Seigneur d'Oisy.

1.1.1.3.4.1.7.3 Thibaut d'Avesnes. Born: circa 1208, son of Gauthier II, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Marguerite, Comtesse de Blois. Died: circa 1214.

1.1.1.3.4.1.8 Agnès = Adé d'Avesnes. Married Name: de Soissons. Married Name: de Grandpré. Married Name: de Nesle. AKA: Agnès, Dame de Hans (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: between 1182 and 1190 at France, daughter of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise. Married before 1211 at France: Henri III, Comte de Grandpré,, son of Henri II, Comte de Grandpré and Liutgarde de Luxembourg (Henri III was Adé's first husband). Married between 1211 and 1215 at France: Raoul III, Count de Nesle,, son of Raoul II de Nesle and Gertrude d'Alsace (Raoul III was Adé's second husband). Died: after 1249 (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.).

1.1.1.3.4.1.8.1 Joffroi de Grandpré (Paul Theroff, posts, 20 May 1995 at 21:43 Hours.). Born: before 1211 at France, son of Henri III, Comte de Grandpré and Agnès = Adé d'Avesnes. Died: after 1237 at Chalon-sur-Saône, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France, Joffroi was the Bishop of Chalon in 1237.

1.1.1.3.4.2 Ide d'Avesnes (Paul Theroff, posts, 16 August 1994 at 00:33 Hours.). Married Name: de Saint-Omer. Married Name: de Saint-Paul. Married before 1150 at France: Enguérrand de Saint-Paul,, son of Hughes III, Count de Saint-Paul and Béatrix N? Born: between 1151 and 1161 at France, daughter of Nicolas, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Mahaut, Dame de La Roche. Married before 1169 at France: Guillaume IV, Châtelain de Saint-Omer,, son of Guillaume III, Châtelain de Saint-Omer and Mathilde N? (Ide was Guillaume IV's first wife) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.). Died: in 1205.

1.1.1.3.4.2.1 Guillaume V, Châtelain de Saint-Omer (Paul Theroff, posts, 09 July 1994 at 19:25 Hours.) (Abbott, Page 288.).

AKA: Guillaume, Seigneur de Thèbes. AKA: Guillaume V, Seigneur de Beaurain. AKA: Guillaume V, Seigneur de Fauquembergues. Born: circa 1170, son of Guillaume IV, Châtelain de Saint- Omer and Ide d'Avesnes. Note - in 1217 at Sandwich, England: Guillaume V participated in the campaign against the English. In August 1217, the French fleet set sail from Calais toward the mouth of the Thames. The fleet, composed of 10 large ships and about 70 smaller cargo ships, was appointed by Queen Blanche de Castille to support her son Louis. Ships were heavely laden with troops, horses, war machines and other supplies to such extent that some ships had their decks almost awash. Henry's supporters had prepared a combat fleet to intercept the French convey. The Cinque Ports had been put to contribution. The fleet was composed of 16 large ships, lightly laden, stooding high out of the water and about 20 smaller boats and war galleys armed with iron prows. The French were near Thanet when they saw, approching slowly, the English fleet which was taken for fishing vessels. The French admiral's ship rushed toward the English which fainted to avoid them. Robert de Courtenay ordered to keep attacking what he still thought to be an easy prey. This order would prove to be fatal. The French realised their mistake too late. The English fleet manoeuvered so well that they gained the wind and soon 3 large ships followed by a 4th attacked the Fench flag ship. The English, higher, threw down upon French deck, all sorts of missiles including lime which blinded the crew. Then, the boarding quickely put an end to the fight. The rest of the French fleet, in complete disarray, was attacked and started to retreat to Calais. Married circa 1240: Margaret, Princess of Hungary,, daughter of Bela IV, King of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. Died: circa 1246.

1.1.1.3.4.2.2 Marguerite de Saint-Omer. Married Name: de Créqui. Born: before 1171, daughter of Guillaume IV, Châtelain de Saint-Omer and Ide d'Avesnes. Married before 1185: Baudouin IV, Seigneur de Créqui,, son of Raoul, Seigneur de Créqui and Mahaut de Craon.

1.1.1.3.4.2.2.1 N? de Créqui (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.). Married Name: d'Avesnes. Born: before 1186, daughter of Baudouin IV, Seigneur de Créqui and Marguerite de Saint-Omer, She is presumed to have been at least 10 years of age when she married Jacques. Married circa 1196: Jacques d'Avesnes,, son of Jacques, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Améline=Adèle, Dame de Guise.

1.1.1.3.4.2.2.2 Baudouin V, Seigneur de Créqui (Abbott, Page 284.). Born: before 1198 at France, son of Baudouin IV, Seigneur de Créqui and Marguerite de Saint-Omer. Married before 1238: N? N?

1.1.1.3.4.2.2.2.1 Philippe, Seigneur de Créqui (Ibid.). Born: before 1248 at Artois, France, son of Baudouin V, Seigneur de Créqui and N? N?, Philippe is presumed to have been born before his father was 50 years of age. Married before 1278: N? N? Died: in 1285 (Ibid.).

1.1.1.3.4.2.2.2.1.1 Baudouin VI, Seigneur de Créqui (Ibid.). Born: before 1285 at Artois, France, son of Philippe, Seigneur de Créqui and N? N? Married before 1304: N? N?

1.1.1.3.4.3 Fastre d'Avesnes. Born: between 1151 and 1169 at France, son of Nicolas, Seigneur d'Avesnes and Mahaut, Dame de La Roche. 1.1.1.3.5 Fastré III d'Avesnes (Fastré was an avowed of Tournay) (The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names (in order) "Nicolaum, Yvonem, Fastradum et episcopum Everardum Tornacensem" as the sons of "Galterum de Avennis" & his wife Ida) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 539.) (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Ibid.). AKA: Fastré I, Vicomte de La Flamengrie (Ibid.). Born: between 1130 and 1140, son of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut.

1.1.1.3.6 Yves d'Oisy-de-Tournais. Born: before 1140, son of Gautier I d'Oisy-de-Tournais and Yde=Ada de Mortagne-sur-l'Éscaut.

1.1.2 Isembard d'Oisy. Born: before 1080, son of Fastre d'Oisy and Adé=Ide d'Avesnes. Died: after 1117.

1.1.3 Gossuin d'Oisy (Paul Theroff, posts, 23 January 1995 at 02:40 Hours.). AKA: Gossuin, Seigneur de Leuze. AKA: Gossuin, Seigneur de Condé. AKA: Gossuin, Seigneur de Landrecies (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). AKA: Gossuin, Seigneur d'Avesnes Gossuin, a Pair de Mons, was the successor of his maternal uncle for the lands of Avesnes and Leuse among others. He had the large tower of Avesnes built and also the Church of Saint-Jean-de-Liessy (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.). Also Known As: Gossuin "Le Borgne" (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.). Born: before 1089 at Belgium, son of Fastre d'Oisy and Adé=Ide d'Avesnes, Gossuin is presumed to have been at least 18 years of age by the time his son, Gossuin, was born. Married before 1119: Agnès de Ribemont,, daughter of Anselme II de Ribemont and Berthe de Valenciennes (Gossuin and Agnès did not leave any successors. The Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis names "Agne…filia Anselmi de Ribotmont" as wife of "Gosceguinus, filius domine Ida", specifying that they were childless, that he appointed his nephew Gauthier as his successor, and that Agnes became a nun after her husband's death. [Herimanni, Liber de Restauratione Sancti Martini Tornacensis 57, MGH SS XIV, p. 299]) (M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois, Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Tome I (Volume 1), MDCCLXX (1770), Pages 538.) (Internet, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HAINAUT.htm#_ftn224.). Died: in 1126 According to some sources, Gossuin was alive in the year 1126. Some sources indicate he died in 1120.

1.1.3.1 Gossuin d'Oisy (http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties, http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Liste_alphabetique.htm.) (Ibid.) (Ibid.). Born: before 1120, son of Gossuin d'Oisy and Agnès de Ribemont (Ibid.). Died: in 1127 (Ibid.).

Printed on: 7 Nov 2016 Prepared by: Michael J.M. Raffin, Ph.D. USA [email protected] http://Doc5thMech.com

Bibliography

André Roux: Scrolls from his personal genealogicaL research. The Number refers to the family branch numbers on his many scrolls, n.d.

Citing: Père Anselme, Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne et de la Maison du Roy: et des anciens Barons du Royaume, Collection H&G, (édition originale 1726-1733 et suppplément de Potier de Courcy en 12 volumes), n.d.

Information posted on the Internet, <, [CD]>.

M. de La Chenaye-des-Bois. Dictionnaire de La Noblesse, Contenant lesa Généalogies, l'Histoire et la Chronologie des Familles Nobles de France in Volumes, 1 to 15 (Seconde Édition; Rue St-Jacques, Paris: Antoine Boudet, Libraire-Imprimeur du Roi, (1770 - 1786)).

M. Lainé (Pub). Archives Généalogiques et Historiques de La Noblesse de France ou Receuil de Preuves, Mémoires et Notices Généalogiques in Imprimerie de Béthune, Rue Palatine, No. 5, 1 - 11 (No. 1, Rue du Paon-Saint-André-des-Arcs, Paris, France: M. Lainé, 1828 - 1850).

P.D. Abbott, Provinces, Pays and Seigneuries of France in ISBN: 0-9593773-0-1 (Author at 266 Myrtleford, 3737, Australia: Priries Printers Pty. Ltd, Canberra A.C.T., Australia, November, 1981).

Paul Theroff, posts on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Interactive Personal Service, was a member as of 5 April 1994, at which time he held the identification MPSE79A, until July, 1996. His main source was Europaseische Stammtafeln.

Source is from a note posted on the Genealogy Electronic Bulletin Board of the Prodigy Computer online services., n.d.

Stuart, Roderick W., Royalty for Commoners in ISBN: 0-8063-1344-7 (1001 North Calvert Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992). ______. Mike Talbot was a Prodigy Member as of 5 September 1993 at which time he held the identification of YSHA60A. He discontinued his membership shortly thereafter when prices were raised. in no series (n.p.: n.pub., n.d.).