DOCSLIB.ORG

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY of the CABINET, HERON and SMEADS BENCH 7.5’ QUADRANGLES, with EMPHASIS on GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA SEDIMENTS Emily Welk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
QUATERNARY GEOLOGY of the CABINET, HERON and SMEADS BENCH 7.5’ QUADRANGLES, with EMPHASIS on GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA SEDIMENTS Emily Welk Montana Tech Library Digital Commons @ Montana Tech Graduate Theses & Non-Theses Student Scholarship Spring 2019 QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE CABINET, HERON AND SMEADS BENCH 7.5’ QUADRANGLES, WITH EMPHASIS ON GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA SEDIMENTS Emily Welk Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtech.edu/grad_rsch Part of the Geology Commons QUATERNARY GEOLOGY OF THE CABINET, HERON AND SMEADS BENCH 7.5’ QUADRANGLES, WITH EMPHASIS ON GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA SEDIMENTS by Emily Welk A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology Montana Tech 2019 ii Abstract The primary scientific purpose of this project was to improve geologic knowledge of valley-fill units in the most downstream portion of the Clark Fork River valley in Montana. This was done to help understand the history of glacial Lake Missoula filling and draining cycles in the vicinity of the dam. The secondary purpose was to make a geologic map of the Cabinet, Heron and Smeads Bench 7.5-minute quadrangles and to resolve differences between detailed maps of Idaho (Lewis and others, 2008) and the old map of the Smeads bench, Heron and Cabinet quadrangles in Montana (Harrison and others, 1992; mapping was done 1977-87). Improving knowledge as to the timing and history of glacial Lake Missoula in this area was done by delineating the valley fill sediments and flood gravel deposits from newer alluvial gravels and glacial outwash. There are two large glaciolacustrine outcrops in the field area that were analyzed in detail. Stratigraphic sections show sections of repeating sequences of silt and clay couplets, that are unconformably separated by a thicker layer of fine grained, crossbedded sand and silt. Sands from both sections were sampled for Optically Stimulate Luminescence and Infrared Stimulated Luminescence burial age-analysis. The burial-age of our successful sample was 16.02 +/- 1.08ka, which is consistent with having been buried during the final stages of glacial Lake Missoula. The other sample was determined to be in error due to scatter in the signal. In the field area, massive gravel deposits were found in streamlined bars mid-channel along the banks of tributary channels and in areas protected from stream erosion such as meanders and topographical highs. The gravels were deposited by one or more massive floods that flowed through the valley when the ice dam broke. The gravel deposits are buttressed and mantled by glaciolacustrine sediments of glacial Lake Missoula and thus can be assumed to be the older of the two deposits. The preservation of the lake beds in the field area indicates that the final draining of the lake was much slower and less erosive. The laminated couplets represent annual deposits laid down while the lake was increasing in depth. The basal sand beds represent high-energy influx of sediment in shallow water. This suggests that lake levels fluctuated around 16.02 +/- 1.08ka before draining completely. Keywords: Glacial Lake Missoula, rhythmites, flood gravels, Cordilleran Ice Sheet, Optically Stimulated Luminescence, Infrared Stimulated Luminescence iii Dedication I want to first and foremost thank my Mom and Dad for always encouraging me to continue educating myself for reasons beyond getting a degree. I want to thank my Grandpa and Uncles for inspiring me to pursue geology and for always wanting to talk things through with me. My advisor Larry Smith was the best person I could have asked for to learn about this amazing subject and I want to thank him for putting up with me. Dean Hartline was a big advocate to me and pushed me harder than I thought I could go. Thank you all very much. iv Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge fellow Geoscience graduate student Michael Chambers for assisting in the mapping portion of this report. Professor Dr. Larry Smith from the Montana Tech Geoscience department who advised me on this project, providing materials such as a Brunton compass, handheld GPS, geologic maps, aerial photos, etc. He also assisted in portions of the mapping and helped me with revisions to the final draft of this thesis. Jeff Lonn, field geologist for the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology came to the field area to teach us about the Belt rocks in the area, which was very useful as Belt units can be hard to distinguish. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program: Award No. G15AC00153, 2015. The Geological Engineering department and the Dean of Students at Montana Tech, Bev Hartline, provided grant assistance for my tuition and I am humbled and profoundly grateful. v Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. II DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................................ III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ IV LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. VIII LIST OF EQUATIONS ............................................................................................................................. IX LIST OF PLATES (IN POCKET) ................................................................................................................. IX 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Previous Geologic Mapping ............................................................................................... 2 1.2. Previous Research on glacial Lake Missoula ...................................................................... 2 1.3. Regional Geologic Setting .................................................................................................. 5 1.4. Structure ............................................................................................................................. 7 2. METHODS ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1. Analysis of valley and glacial Lake Missoula deposits ...................................................... 10 2.2. Geochronology of glaciolacustrine sediments ................................................................. 12 2.2.1. Sample Locations ............................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2. Sampling Methods ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.3. Sample Preparation Procedures ........................................................................................................ 14 2.2.3.1. Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dating (OSL) Procedures .................................................. 14 2.2.4. Environmental Dose Rates and Dose Equivalent Rates ..................................................................... 15 2.3. Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) Dating Procedures .......................................... 17 3. RESULTS ......................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1. Geologic Map ................................................................................................................... 18 vi 3.2. Valley Topography ........................................................................................................... 18 3.3. Bedrock ............................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.1. Belt Supergroup, Middle Proterozoic (1,400 – 900 Ma) .................................................................... 20 3.4. Cambrian Bedrock Units ................................................................................................... 23 3.5. Quaternary Deposits ........................................................................................................ 23 3.5.1. Gravel-dominated deposits ............................................................................................................... 23 3.5.1.1. Glacial Outwash (Qgo) .............................................................................................................. 24 3.5.1.2. Flood Gravel Deposits ............................................................................................................... 24 3.5.1.3. Glaciolacustrine Deposits (Qgl) ................................................................................................. 32 3.5.1.4. Holocene Alluvial Deposits ........................................................................................................ 41 3.6. Optical Ages ..................................................................................................................... 43 4. GEOLOGIC HISTORY .......................................................................................................................... 46 4.1. Precambrian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • December 18, 2020 Fish Consumption Guidance Updated for Portions Of
    Media contact: Trevor Selch, FWP Fisheries Pollution Biologist, 406-444-5686 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: December 18, 2020 Fish consumption guidance updated for portions of Clark Fork, Bitterroot and Blackfoot Rivers in western Montana MISSOULA – The State of Montana Fish Guidance Board, which includes Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP) and the Departments of Environmental Quality (DEQ), and Public Health and Human Services (DPHHS), has updated the fish consumption guidance for all species of fish on a 148-mile stretch of the Clark Fork River and tributaries in western Montana in response to new research results. Guidance now recommends avoiding consumption of all species of fish from the Clark Fork River’s confluence with the Bitterroot River, just west of Missoula, to the confluence with the Flathead River, near Paradise. Slightly revised guidance is also in place for rainbow trout and northern pike on an upstream section of the Clark Fork and for the Blackfoot and Bitterroot Rivers. New data was collected to assess chemical contaminants including dioxins, furans, and PCBs in fish tissue in a study area on the Clark Fork that extended from approximately 30 miles upstream of Missoula to 100 miles downstream. Testing in the area is underway as part of water quality monitoring around the former Smurfit-Stone Container mill site. Upon review of the study results, new guidance was issued based on high levels of contaminants in the fish tissue. The source of all the contaminants found in the fish has not been attributed. The study only looked at contaminant concentrations found in the muscle tissues of northern pike and rainbow trout, but the same “Avoid” guidance extends to all species present in the Clark Fork River near Missoula (such as brown trout, whitefish, small- and large-mouth bass, northern pikeminnow, and sucker species) because similar food habits, habitat use, and life- span suggest they could also contain chemical concentrations at potentially dangerous levels.
    [Show full text]
  • An Independent Newspaper for the Pacific Northwest AUGUST 1997 VOL
    An Independent Newspaper for the Pacific Northwest AUGUST 1997 VOL. 3 No. 3 Dear Reader early all the problems we face in Cascadia boil down to population. NAs Alan Durning and Christopher Crowther point out in their new book, Misplaced Blame: The Real Roots of Population Growth, the Pacific Northwest is growing nearly twice the North American rate and almost 50 percent faster than the global population. The Northwest population reached 15 million EDITORIAL in mid-1997 and is swelling by another 1 million every 40 months. Starting this month, with our cover story on growth pressures in the scenic Columbia River Gorge, Cascadia Times Boom Times The UnbearableRightness ot Breen will publish an occasional series on, Can the Columbia River Gorge survive the Life on the fault line of environmentally growth, growth management strategies demand for development? and what it all means. As senior editor correct energy Kathie Durbin reports from the Columbia by Kathie Durbin Page 9 Gorge, local politics threaten this national by Kevin Bell Page 7 treasure. This is true everywhere, because growth and land-use decisions are in varyingdegrees made at the local THE USUAL STUFF level. We aren't saying that local commu• FIELD NOTES: Green groups clash over Sierra REALITY CHECK: 16 nities cannot do a good job protecting places such as the Gorge, Snoqualmie logging. EPA fines big Alaska mine. toxic waste POINT OF VIEW: The ASARCO juggernaut and Pass, Whidbey Island, Lake Tahoe or the on crops. Oregon slams nuclear weapons plan 3 Muir Woods, to name just a few places of its proposed Rock Creek Mine.
    [Show full text]
  • Montana Forest Insect and Disease Conditions and Program Highlights
    R1-16-17 03/20/2016 Forest Service Northern Region Montata Department of Natural Resources and Conservation Forestry Division In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountains Grizzly Bear Monitoring Update 610/2019
    Cabinet-Yaak and Selkirk Mountains Grizzly Bear Monitoring Update 610/2019 Wayne Kasworm, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 385 Fish Hatchery Road, Libby, MT 59923 (406) 293-4161 ext 205 [email protected] Reports: https://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/grizzlyBear.php Our 2019 field season began in early May with the arrival of our field technicians for work and training. We spent almost a week on training before crews dispersed to the field. We have two bear capture teams and one hair collection team in the Cabinet-Yaak plus one trap team and two hair collection teams in the Selkirk Mountains. Crews began capture and hair collection efforts on May 18. Capture efforts will emphasize recapture of existing collar bears. The manufacturer of our radio collars alerted us to a software glitch that is causing many of our collars to malfunction. This year’s collars have had the software updated to avoid the issue. Selkirk Mountains Research Monitoring We began 2019 with five grizzly bears collared in the Selkirk Mountains (3 females and 2 males). Capture activities have resulted in the recapture and collar change on one of the females (Figure 1). Trail cameras at the capture site indicated she was accompanied by a 2 year-old offspring, but that bear was not captured. Trapping will continue near the international border to attempt recapture of the other two females. Cabinet-Yaak Research Monitoring We began 2019 with six collared grizzly bears in the Cabinet-Yaak (2 females and 4 males). One of the females was observed in May with two new cubs.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone Fishing Report
    Clarks Fork Of The Yellowstone Fishing Report Uninvidious and ameboid Joao overbuy her primely slash uncomfortably or slumber counter, is Penny anginal? neverOld-fogyish scats Berchtoldso rakishly never or goose-step enfaced so any congenitally pantofle mordantly. or fidget any tightwads complexly. Humanlike Whitman Everything you therefore wanted to know will fly-fishing the. Clarks Fork Yellowstone River Wyoming Fly Fishing Camping. Montana Trout Scout Guided Fly explode in South Central. Basins and plains such because the Clarks Fork Yellowstone Little practice and Powder Rivers. At various water of reports and report layout through july, and then confluences with fish this is still picking up in. Clarks Fork Yellowstone River include a stream located just 3 miles from Laurel in Yellowstone County in average state of Montana United. The Clarks Fork school the Yellowstone is a warm-faced river. The report has some reports from reed reservoir, there was with a mouse as an hour away from one of california, but there are. Bureau of Reclamation Managing water flow power in most West. Wade fishing opportunities, coal mining industry, are located to heat of silver bow creek to occur primarily livestock. Several hundred acres in about terrestrials become a jig head out a nice fishing reports that contain naturally bright one of floatable sections. Lake Weatherford Texas fishing report rainbow trout sight fishing forecast. Try a chaotic fashion include clark fork powder river has an email to turah are. Chapter 3 Clark Fork River US Fish and every Service. Yellowstone angler When it comes to craft fishing Yellowstone National. So do Luce and Hogan Lakes halfway between Belfry and Cody in the Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone drainage Fish with big midge larvae.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 OUTREACH Kootenai National Forest Supervisor's Office, Fire and Aviation Management Forestry Technician GS-0462-05 IA Di
    OUTREACH Kootenai National Forest Supervisor’s Office, Fire and Aviation Management Forestry Technician GS‐0462‐05 IA Dispatcher The Northern Region (R1), Kootenai National Forest, Supervisor’s Office, Fire and Aviation Management, GS‐0462‐05, position. Duty station is Libby, MT. This is a permanent seasonal 13/13 position. The results of the outreach will help determine the area of consideration for the vacancy announcement. Interested applicants are requested to respond utilizing the Employee Outreach Database. For Forest Service applicants the database is located in ConnectHR. For external applicants this may be accessed by an internet search for FS Outreach or the following link https://fsoutreach.gdcii.com/Outreach. Duties This position serves as a Fire Dispatcher located in an interagency (Forest Service and Montana Department of Natural Resources dispatch center. The center is responsible primarily for wildland fire preparedness and suppression support activities and may assist with all‐risk incidents as needed or directed. Work schedule may include weekends with days off during the week. Incumbent serves as a dispatcher, receiving, filling, and tracking resources requests for fire and other emergency incidents. Follows established procedures to perform a variety of technical duties common to the dispatch of personnel, equipment, aircraft and/or supplies according to 1 pre‐defined plans or in a response to resource orders from the field. Incumbent initiates requests to higher organizational levels for additional resources as needed. Collects, processes, collates and submits incident information to support fire operations (e.g. fire reports smoke permits, spot weather forecasts, prescribed fire burn requests). Processes and interprets weather information (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2007 Newsletter
    VOLUME 32 NUMBER 4 DECEMBER 2007 Jane Lopp & Associates to be Recognized for Conservation Support Jane Lopp & Associates LLC will be pre- cludes office space for more employees and a large sented Flathead Audubon’s Conservation Achieve- conference room. With the move to the new building, ment Recognition at the December 10 th meeting, for Jane Lopp & Associates, was launched. supporting conservation projects and conservation Jane is well known in the Flathead for her nonprofits while sponsoring a number of conserva- volunteer contributions to our community. Perhaps tion-oriented Prudential Global Volunteer Days in the less well known are her volunteer activities at the Flathead. state level. Jane served on the Montana Human Jane Lopp & Associates represents Pruden- Rights Commission for 8 years, much of that time as tial Financial Planning Services. Though Jane has Chair. She also served on the Gender Equity Study been in the insurance and investments business Commission for the State Supreme Court, and since 1979, and with Prudential since 1989, Jane chaired the Site Selection Committee for the Lopp & Associates is only about five years old. Women’s Prison which was built in Billings. Jane’s business started out as one-woman This same commitment to community ser- show—just Jane and a secretary located in a 3-room vice also characterizes her company, Jane Lopp & house. Another employee was added when she re- Associates. One recent example is the company’s cruited her husband Bob into the company after he corporate sponsorship for the last two years of girls’ retired from teaching at Flathead High School.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogeologic Framework of the Upper Clark Fork River Area: Deer Lodge, Granite, Powell, and Silver Bow Counties R15W R14W R13W R12W By
    Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Groundwater Assessment Atlas No. 5, Part B, Map 2 A Department of Montana Tech of The University of Montana July 2009 Open-File Version Hydrogeologic Framework of the Upper Clark Fork River Area: Deer Lodge, Granite, Powell, and Silver Bow Counties R15W R14W R13W R12W by S Qsf w Qsf Yb Larry N. Smith a n T21N Qsf Yb T21N R Authors Note: This map is part of the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) a n Pz Pz Groundwater Assessment Atlas for the Upper Clark Fork River Area groundwater Philipsburg ValleyUpper Flint Creek g e Pz Qsf characterization. It is intended to stand alone and describe a single hydrogeologic aspect of the study area, although many of the areas hydrogeologic features are The town of Philipsburg is the largest population center in the valley between the Qsc interrelated. For an integrated view of the hydrogeology of the Upper Clark Fork Area Flint Creek Range and the John Long Mountains. The Philipsburg Valley contains 47o30 the reader is referred to Part A (descriptive overview) and Part B (maps) of the Montana 040 ft of Quaternary alluvial sediment deposited along streams cut into Tertiary 47o30 Groundwater Assessment Atlas 5. sedimentary rocks of unknown thickness. The east-side valley margin was glaciated . T20N Yb t R during the last glaciation, producing ice-sculpted topography and rolling hills in side oo B kf l Ovando c INTRODUCTION drainages on the west slopes of the Flint Creek Range. Prominent benches between ac la kf k B Blac oo N F T20N tributaries to Flint Creek are mostly underlain by Tertiary sedimentary rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of the Interior Geological
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mineral resource potential of national forest RARE II and wilderness areas in Montana Compiled by Christopher E. Williams 1 and Robert C. Pearson2 Open-File Report 84-637 1984 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. 1 Present address 2 Denver, Colorado U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/NEIC Denver, Colorado CONTENTS (See also indices listings, p. 128-131) Page Introduction*........................................................... 1 Beaverhead National Forest............................................... 2 North Big Hole (1-001).............................................. 2 West Pioneer (1-006)................................................ 2 Eastern Pioneer Mountains (1-008)................................... 3 Middle Mountain-Tobacco Root (1-013)................................ 4 Potosi (1-014)...................................................... 5 Madison/Jack Creek Basin (1-549).................................... 5 West Big Hole (1-943)............................................... 6 Italian Peak (1-945)................................................ 7 Garfield Mountain (1-961)........................................... 7 Mt. Jefferson (1-962)............................................... 8 Bitterroot National Forest.............................................. 9 Stony Mountain (LI-BAD)............................................. 9 Allan Mountain (Ll-YAG)............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Maps 1 to 12 for the Coeur D'alene Resource Management Plan
    T65N Upper P Coeur d'Alene Field Office M riest Riv oy Resource Management Plan ie R iv er er K oot Planning Area e nai R Surface Management iv T63N Boundary er " LEGEND ! SURFACE MANAGEMENT Bonners Ferry BLM T61N Private State Priest Lake StateFish&Game USFS ¤£95 BOUNDARY County T59N Indian Reservation Public Land Survey township Priest River Pack River Bonner MAJOR ROADS 200 State Highway 57 95 U.S. Highway Sandpoint 90 Interstate 90 T57N ! 200 BLM % of County BLM Acres Priest River ¤£2 county ! Lake Pend Oreille River Pend Benewah 14,256 2.8% Oreille Bonner 11,975 1.0% Boundary 4,400 0.5% T55N ClarkForkRiver Kootenai 12,104 1.4% Shoshone 55,199 3.3% 97,935 1.9% Counties layer obtained from USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface ownership layer and Spirit! Lake additional data were created at 1:24,000 scale by Coeur d'Alene District Office GIS personnel. T53N No warranty is made by the Bureau of Land Management as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of these data for individual use or aggregate use with other data, or for purposes not intended by BLM. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. Rathdrum! Department of the Interior Hayden Bureau of Land Managment ! T51N Kootenai Coeur d'Alene Field Office 3815 N. Schreiber Way Post Falls Coeur d'Alene, ID 83815 ! Spokan e River Coeur d'Alene ! May 2007 ¦¨§90 97 T49N Lake IDAHO ¤£95 Coeur Kellogg ! d'Alene Coeur d'Alene River ® ! 3 Wallace Data is displayed in UTM zone 11 north, NAD83.
    [Show full text]
  • The Scotchman Peaks Wilderness
    HHikesikes iinn tthehe SScotchmanscotchmans 1 MMorriso Creek Trail #132 Rock, water, wildlife and something more . We humans are guests in the wilderness and On a hot summer day the shaded canopy of Morris Creek will keep you cool. Th e modest rise in should remember that what we do (or don’t do) FFragileragile fl oowerswers ttoughough iitt ooutut iinn tthehe SScotchmanscotchmans elevationelevation is far less demanding than some of the “Peaks” but will still make you earn your rewards. while there will have a lasting impact on the WildflWWildfl owers, mushrooms and occasional views of Blacktop Peak or a good look back at Beetop are wilderness itself and the experience of others. in the Scotchmans a delight. A few simple rules help mitigate our presence: 2 Goat Mountain Trail #35 • A good campsite is found, not made. Use existing campsites in high use areas. Camp at least Goat Mountain is arguably the steepest trail in Idaho — or anywhere — gaining 4,000 feet in 100 feet from lakes, streams, or trails. Th e Scotchman Peaks are carved almost entirely out lessl than 3 miles. Loose sand and gravel compound the challenge in many places on the lower trail. GoGoaatt Mouountntaiain • Pack it in, pack it out and be respectful of nature. of one block of stone that began twisting eons ago on an OpenO slopes fi lled with grass and brush often obscure the trail. Navigation skills and good knees are • Use biodegradable soap. Do dishes and wash at axis dictated by the collision of the North American and needed.n Th is trail is a knee buster — no wonder that it’s called “Goat Mountain!” Th e richness of the Scotchman Peaks lies also in Pacifi c tectonic plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Failed National Parks in the Last Best Places
    Contents MONTANA THE MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY f AUTUMN 2009 f VOLUME 59 , NUMBER 3 3 Failed National Parks in the Last Best Place Lary M. Dilsaver and William Wyckoff 25 Dying in the West PART 1: HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CARE IN MONTANA AND ALBERTA, 1880-1950 Dawn Nickel 46 Cromwell Dixon THE WORLD'S YOUNGEST AVIATOR Del Phillips ON THE COVER The front cover features Maynard Dixon's Oncoming Storm (1941, oil on canvas,36" x 40"), courtesy Gerald Peters Gallery, Santa Fe, New Mexico. On the back cover is The History ofMontana: Exploration and Settlement (1943-44 , oil on canvas), one of the murals in the History of Montana series painted by John W. "Jack" Beauchamp, an artist and the director of the Helena Art Center at Carroll College in the 1940s. Saloon manager Kenny Egan commissioned the artist to paint the murals for the Mint Cigar Store and Tavern located in downtown Helena in 1943· Before the building was demolished in i960, the murals were removed and donated to the Montana Historical Society by the Dennis and Vivian Connors family. Three of the panels are currently on loan to Helena's City County Building, where they hang in the main meeting room. The History ofMontana: Exploration and Settlement depicts people and places central to the state's story, including the Lewis and Clark Expedition and St. Mary's Mission and its founders, Fathers Pierre-] ean De Smet and Anthony Ravalli. The mission and a number of other Montana natural, historic, and recreational sites were proposed as inclusions to the national park system.
    [Show full text]