Tobacco Bond - Surety General Instructions A
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Transnational Tobacco Companies in Indonesia
The Indonesia Tobacco Market: Foreign Tobacco Company Growth Indonesia is the world’s third largest cigarette market by volume (excluding China) and there are approximately 57 million smokers in the country.2-3 According to one tobacco company, the Indonesia tobacco market consisting of hand-rolled kreteks, machine-rolled kreteks and white cigarettes was 270 billion sticks with a profit pool of RP 26.5 trillion ($2.95 billion USD) in 2010, an increase of 18% since 2007.1 Additionally, Indonesia’s cigarette retail volume and value are predicted to continue to grow consistently over the next five years.2 Indonesia’s growing cigarette market, large population, high smoking prevalence among men, and highly unregulated market, make the country an attractive business opportunity for international tobacco companies attempting to make up for falling profits in developed markets like the United States and Australia. The powerful presence and nature of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) in Indonesia Source: BAT investor presentation1 increases the threat of the tobacco industry to public health because the companies’ competitive efforts to reach young consumers and female smokers ultimately increase smoking prevalence in markets where they operate. 4 Since 2005, the Indonesian market has shifted from being solely dominated by local manufacturers to a market where the number one, four and six spots are controlled by TTCs: Philip Morris International-owned Sampoerna, British American Tobacco-owned Bentoel, and KT&G-owned Trisakti respectively. In 2010, the combined market share of these three companies made up almost 40% of the Indonesian market.2 Leading local tobacco companies include Gudang Garam (number two), Djarum (number three) and Najorono Tobacco Indonesia (number five). -
Convertible Bond Investing Brochure (PDF)
Convertible bond investing Invesco’s Convertible Securities Strategy 1 Introduction to convertible bonds A primer Convertible securities provide investors the opportunity to participate in the upside of stock markets while also offering potential downside protection. Because convertibles possess both stock- and bond-like attributes, they may be particularly useful in minimizing risk in a portfolio. The following is an introduction to convertibles, how they exhibit characteristics of both stocks and bonds, and where convertibles may fit in a diversified portfolio. Reasons for investing in convertibles Through their combination of stock and bond characteristics, convertibles may offer the following potential advantages over traditional stock and bond instruments: • Yield advantage over stocks • More exposure to market gains than market losses • Historically attractive risk-adjusted returns • Better risk-return profile • Lower interest rate risk Introduction to convertibles A convertible bond is a corporate bond that has the added feature of being convertible into a fixed number of shares of common stock. As a hybrid security, convertibles have the potential to offer equity-like returns due to their stock component with potentially less volatility due to their bond-like features. Convertibles are also higher in the capital structure than common stock, which means that companies must fulfill their obligations to convertible bondholders before stockholders. It is important to note that convertibles are subject to interest rate and credit risks that are applicable to traditional bonds. Simplified convertible structure Bond Call option Convertible Source: BofA Merrill Lynch Convertible Research. The bond feature of these securities comes from their stated interest rate and claim to principal. -
Transforming Our Business
Transforming our business A cigarette manufacturing line (on the left-hand side) and a heated tobacco unit manufacturing line (on the right-hand side) at our factory in Neuchâtel, Switzerland Replacing cigarettes with While several attempts have been made to develop better alternatives to smoking, smoke-free products drawbacks in the technological capability of these products and a lack of consumer In 2017, PMI manufactured and shipped acceptance rendered them unsuccessful. 791 billion cigarettes and other Recent advances in science and combustible tobacco products and technology have made it possible to 36 billion smoke‑free products, reaching develop innovative products that approximately 150 million adult consumers consumers accept and that are less in more than 180 countries. harmful alternatives to continued smoking. Smoking cigarettes causes serious PMI has developed a portfolio of disease. Smokers are far more likely smoke‑free products, including heated Contribution of Smoke-Free than non‑smokers to get heart disease, tobacco products and nicotine‑containing Products to PMI’s Total lung cancer, emphysema, and other e‑vapor products that have the potential diseases. Smoking is addictive, and it Net Revenues to significantly reduce individual risk and 13% can be very difficult to stop. population harm compared to cigarettes. The best way to avoid the harms of Many stakeholders have asked us about smoking is never to start, or to quit. the role of these innovative smoke‑free But much more can be done to improve products in the context of our business the health and quality of life of those vision. Are these products an extension of who continue to use nicotine products, our cigarette product portfolio? Are they through science and innovation. -
Derivative Securities
2. DERIVATIVE SECURITIES Objectives: After reading this chapter, you will 1. Understand the reason for trading options. 2. Know the basic terminology of options. 2.1 Derivative Securities A derivative security is a financial instrument whose value depends upon the value of another asset. The main types of derivatives are futures, forwards, options, and swaps. An example of a derivative security is a convertible bond. Such a bond, at the discretion of the bondholder, may be converted into a fixed number of shares of the stock of the issuing corporation. The value of a convertible bond depends upon the value of the underlying stock, and thus, it is a derivative security. An investor would like to buy such a bond because he can make money if the stock market rises. The stock price, and hence the bond value, will rise. If the stock market falls, he can still make money by earning interest on the convertible bond. Another derivative security is a forward contract. Suppose you have decided to buy an ounce of gold for investment purposes. The price of gold for immediate delivery is, say, $345 an ounce. You would like to hold this gold for a year and then sell it at the prevailing rates. One possibility is to pay $345 to a seller and get immediate physical possession of the gold, hold it for a year, and then sell it. If the price of gold a year from now is $370 an ounce, you have clearly made a profit of $25. That is not the only way to invest in gold. -
How Municipal Bonds Are Sold in a Public Offering JUNE 2020
UNDERSTANDING MUNICIPAL BONDS How Municipal Bonds Are Sold in a Public Offering JUNE 2020 anonymous to all underwriters, each underwriter can see the Municpal Bonds–Method of Sale ranking of its own bid relative to competing bids. Therefore, the Many of us are familiar with municipal bonds, either as an issuer, underwriter with the second best bid knows that it ranks second an investor, or, for a much smaller number of us, a participant and can continuously submit better bids until it holds the top in the municipal bond industry. Generally speaking, the idea is position. This bid competition continues until the predetermined simple. A unit of government needs to borrow money for any timeframe for the auction expires, unless there is a new top- number of public purposes, and investors have the capital to ranked bid within the last two minutes of the auction, in which lend to these governments in exchange for a rate of return. What case the auction is extended for another two minutes. Eventually, is far less familiar to many is an understanding of the intricacies the underwriter that submits the bid with the lowest TIC for a full of the municipal bond market. As a result, PMA’s Public Finance two minutes will be the winning bidder. See below for a sample group has created the “Understanding Municipal Bonds” series bid summary in an open-auction competitive sale. to help educate our issuer clients on nuanced aspects of the Sample Bid Summary–Open Auction bond market. In this edition, we provide insight on the method of sale options available to issuers when selling their bonds in the primary market (i.e., a public offering of municipal securities). -
What Are High-Yield Corporate Bonds?
INVESTOR BULLETIN What Are High-yield Corporate Bonds? The SEC’s Office of Investor Education and Advocacy is a high-yield bond, it is important that you understand issuing this Investor Bulletin to educate individual investors the risks involved. about high-yield corporate bonds, also called “junk bonds.” While they generally offer a higher yield than investment-grade Default risk. Also referred to as credit risk, this is the bonds, high-yield bonds also carry a higher risk of default. risk that a company will fail to make timely interest or principal payments and default on its bond. Defaults also What is a high-yield corporate bond? can occur if the company fails to meet certain terms of its A high-yield corporate bond is a type of corporate bond debt agreement. Because high-yield bonds are typically that offers a higher rate of interest because of its higher issued by companies with higher risks of default, this risk risk of default. When companies with a greater estimated is particularly important to consider when investing in default risk issue bonds, they may be unable to obtain high-yield bonds. an investment-grade bond credit rating. As a result, they Interest rate risk. typically issue bonds with higher interest rates in order to Market interest rates have a major entice investors and compensate them for this higher risk. impact on bond investments. The price of a bond moves in the opposite direction than market interest rates—like High-yield bond issuers may be companies characterized opposing ends of a seesaw. This presents investors with as highly leveraged or those experiencing financial interest rate risk, which is common to all bonds. -
Complete Annual Report
Philip Morris International 2016 Annual Report THIS CHANGES EVERYTHING 2016 Philip Morris Annual Report_LCC/ANC Review Copy February 22 - Layout 2 We’ve built the world’s most successful cigarette company with the world’s most popular and iconic brands. Now we’ve made a dramatic decision. We’ve started building PMI’s future on breakthrough smoke-free products that are a much better choice than cigarette smoking. We’re investing to make these products the Philip Morris icons of the future. In these changing times, we’ve set a new course for the company. We’re going to lead a full-scale effort to ensure that smoke- free products replace cigarettes to the benefit of adult smokers, society, our company and our shareholders. Reduced-Risk Products - Our Product Platforms Heated Tobacco Products Products Without Tobacco Platform Platform 1 3 IQOS, using the consumables Platform 3 is based on HeatSticks or HEETS, acquired technology that features an electronic holder uses a chemical process to that heats tobacco rather Platform create a nicotine-containing than burning it, thereby 2 vapor. We are exploring two Platform creating a nicotine-containing routes for this platform: one 4 vapor with significantly fewer TEEPS uses a pressed with electronics and one harmful toxicants compared to carbon heat source that, once without. A city launch of the Products under this platform cigarette smoke. ignited, heats the tobacco product is planned in 2017. are e-vapor products – without burning it, to generate battery-powered devices a nicotine-containing vapor that produce an aerosol by with a reduction in harmful vaporizing a nicotine solution. -
Read the Full Paper
volume 47 number 3 FEBRUARY 2021 jpm.pm-research.com The Stock-Bond Correlation Megan Czasonis, Mark Kritzman, and David Turkington Megan Czasonis Megan Czasonis is a Managing Director for the Portfolio and Risk Research team at State Street Associates. The Portfolio and Risk Research team collaborates with academic partners to develop new research on asset allocation, risk management, and investment strategy. The team delivers this research to institutional investors through indicators, advisory projects, and thought leadership pieces. Megan has co-authored various journal permission. articles and works closely with institutional investors to develop customized solutions based on this research. Megan graduated Summa Cum Laude from Bentley University Publisher with a B.S. in Economics / Finance. without Mark Kritzman Mark Kritzman is a Founding Partner and CEO of Windham Capital Management, a electronically Founding Partner of State Street Associates, and teaches a graduate finance course post at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mark served as a Founding Director of to the International Securities Exchange and has served on several Boards, including the or Institute for Quantitative Research in Finance, The Investment Fund for Foundations, and user, State Street Associates. He has written numerous articles for academic and professional journals and is the author / co-author of seven books including A Practitioner’s Guide to Asset Allocation, Puzzles of Finance, and The Portable Financial Analyst. Mark won Graham unauthorized and Dodd Scrolls in 1993 and 2002, the Research Prize from the Institute for Quantitative an Investment Research in 1997, the Bernstein Fabozzi/Jacobs Levy Award nine times, the to Roger F. -
Bond Issuance Process Overview
BOND ISSUANCE PROCESS OVERVIEW Adams 12 Five Star Schools November 2016 AND CONFIDENTIAL STRICTLY PRIVATE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL This presentation was prepared exclusively for the benefit and internal use of the J.P. Morgan client to whom it is directly addressed and delivered (including such client’s affiliates, the “Client”) in order to assist the Client in evaluating, on a preliminary basis, the feasibility of possible transactions referenced herein. The materials have been provided to the Client for informational purposes only and may not be relied upon by the Client in evaluating the merits of pursuing transactions described herein. No assurance can be given that any transaction mentioned herein could in fact be executed. Information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable but J.P. Morgan does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. Opinions and estimates constitute our judgment as of the date of this material and are subject to change without notice. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Any financial products discussed may fluctuate in price or value. This presentation does not constitute a commitment by any J.P. Morgan entity to underwrite, subscribe for or place any securities or to extend or arrange credit or to provide any other services. J.P. Morgan's presentation is delivered to you for the purpose of being engaged as an underwriter, not as an advisor, (including, without limitation, a Municipal Advisor (as such term is defined in Section 975(e) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act)) . The role of an underwriter and its relationship to an issuer of debt is not equivalent to the role of an independent financial advisor. -
Hong Kong: Marlboro Tries It on (The Pack) Italy
Tobacco Control 2002;11:171–175 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.11.3.171 on 1 September 2002. Downloaded from Newsanalysis................................................................................ Hong Kong: than pocket sized mini-billboards. circumstances—occupation (teacher), Apart from the health warning, each genetic background, living con- Marlboro tries it on large face was largely covered in ditions—the panel concluded that the images of that universal symbol of disease was at least 80% attributable (the pack) independence who shores up the to smoking. Whenever a government announces morale of PM’s nicotine captives. Building on the traditional approach tobacco control measures which to- Reports from Hong Kong suggest to toxic torts, the panel tried to find bacco companies suspect will be effec- this was a classic trial run. Will they the fingerprint of carcinogens of tive, the companies’ first reaction, at get away with it? They did that time, it tobacco smoke. According to the best least in private, is to work out ways of seems. Will they be back? And if they forensic evidence, these can now be getting round them. Under self regula- can get away with it in Hong Kong, found in the genes of the victim, tion, they implement whatever will they try it elsewhere? Make sure contained in the victim’s cells collected and preserved at the time of hospital schemes they think will most com- your legislation is tightly drafted, then administration. More specifically, re- pletely negate the measures they have sit back and watch this space. just agreed to, and continue for as long cent scientific literature suggests that as they can get away with it. -
Glossary of Bond Terms
Glossary of Bond Terms Accreted value- The current value of your zero-coupon municipal bond, taking into account interest that has been accumulating and automatically reinvested in the bond. Accrual bond- Often the last tranche in a CMO, the accrual bond or Z-tranche receives no cash payments for an extended period of time until the previous tranches are retired. While the other tranches are outstanding, the Z-tranche receives credit for periodic interest payments that increase its face value but are not paid out. When the other tranches are retired, the Z-tranche begins to receive cash payments that include both principal and continuing interest. Accrued interest- (1) The dollar amount of interest accrued on an issue, based on the stated interest rate on that issue, from its date to the date of delivery to the original purchaser. This is usually paid by the original purchaser to the issuer as part of the purchase price of the issue; (2) Interest deemed to be earned on a security but not yet paid to the investor. Active tranche- A CMO tranche that is currently paying principal payments to investors. Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)- A mortgage loan on which interest rates are adjusted at regular intervals according to predetermined criteria. An ARM's interest rate is tied to an objective, published interest rate index. Amortization- Liquidation of a debt through installment payments. Arbitrage- In the municipal market, the difference in interest earned on funds borrowed at a lower tax-exempt rate and interest on funds that are invested at a higher-yielding taxable rate. -
Blue Bonds: Financing Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems Key Points for Enhancing Finance Action
Blue Bonds: Financing Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems Key Points for Enhancing Finance Action A technical guideline prepared for IUCN GMPP by Nathalie Roth, 4Climate; Torsten Thiele, Global Ocean Trust; Moritz von Unger, Silvestrum. March 2019 2 Blue Bonds: Financing Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems © CG Lundin Blue Bonds: Financing Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems Key Points for Enhancing Finance Action A technical guideline prepared for IUCN GMPP by Nathalie Roth, 4Climate; Torsten Thiele, Global Ocean Trust; Moritz von Unger, Silvestrum. Blue Bonds: Financing Resilience of Coastal Ecosystems 3 Contents 1. Who is this paper for? ...................................................................................................................13 2. Current State of the Blue Bond Market .................................................................................15 2. 1. The First Blue Bonds are here ........................................................................................15 2. 1. 1. The Blue Bond Innovation: Seychelles Blue Bond 2018 ........................15 2. 1. 2. Another Blue Bond Landmark: Nordic Sea Blue Bond 2019 ...............16 2. 2. Setting the Context: Green Bonds and the Climate Aligned Bond Market ..17 2. 2. 1. Market Overview .................................................................................................17 2. 2. 2. Market size ............................................................................................................17 2. 2. 3. Issuer and investor perspective ....................................................................18