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Discourse Analysis of Pos Djebar's Women of Algiers Oksana Zabuzhko's a Comparative Analysis Course Analysis of Post-Colonial No

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Discourse Analysis of Pos Djebar's Women of Algiers Oksana Zabuzhko's a Comparative Analysis Course Analysis of Post-Colonial No People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Djillali Liabes University- Sidi Bel Abbès Department of English Language Discourse Analysis of Post-Colonial Novel: Assia Djebar's Women of Algiers in their Apartment and Oksana Zabuzhko's Field Work in Ukrainian Sex: A Comparative Analysis A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of English in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorate in Literature. Presented by: Supervised by: Mr. MAAFA Sofiane Prof. BOULENOUAR Mohammed Yamine Members of Jury: Prof. OURRED Belabbes (Prof.) UDL Sidi Bel Abbès Chairman Prof. BOULENOUAR Mohammed Yamine (Prof.) UDL Sidi Bel Abbès Supervisor Dr. BENADLA Djamel (MCA) University of Saïda External Examiner Dr. BENSEDDIK Belkacem (MCA)UDL Sidi Bel Abbès Examiner Dr. KHELLADI Mohammed (MCA) University of Tlemcen External Examiner Dr.DIB Mohammed (MCA) University of Mascara External Examiner Academic Year 2019-2020 I Abstract The current research study is a comparative study of two major postcolonial feminist literary works; the Algerian author Assia Djebar's Women of Algiers in their Apartment and the Ukrainian author Oksana Zabuzhko's Field Work in Ukrainian Sex. Despite the fact that the two authors belong to a different period of time; Djebar's first experience of postcolonial feminist writing starting earlier in the first half of the twentieth century, while Zabuzhko's first experience of postcolonial feminist writing was towards the end of the same century. Moreover, the two female authors were writing about their countries; Algeria and Ukraine, whose colonial situations in return were not the same. Algeria being it colonized by France; a Western-European imperialist country which colonized Algeria; a totally different country beyond the sea for about a hundred-thirty-two years. While Ukraine was colonized, or should it be said annexed by Russia to what was called the Soviet Union, without forgetting to mention that both Russia and Ukraine shared more than one aspect; geographical area, religion, race, language and culture. Despite all these seemingly differences in both the colonial situations of Algeria and Ukraine, both Djebar and Zabuzhko were writing about the same devastating colonial consequences on both Algerian and Ukrainian women. In the first chapter, I shall be dealing with the different nature of both the French and Russian colonizer, then I shall illustrate that despite of their ideological differences, both the French and Russian colonizer practiced almost the same horrible acts of war and injustices against the Algerian and Ukrainian people. In the second chapter, I shall demonstrate how both Djebar and Zabuzhko wrote the body of the Algerian and Ukrainian women; how their women's bodies were full of scars which attest to the atrocities practiced against them both by the French and Russian colonizer. Finally, in the third chapter I shall demonstrate how both Djebar and Zabuzhko used different languages in decolonizing their cultures; how Djebar used French, the language of the enemy and Zabuzhko used her national language to decolonize their cultures. The methodology applied in this research is based on the close-reading, discourse analysis as well as comparison of the texts of Djebar's Women of Algiers in their Apartment and Zabuzhko's Field Work in Ukrainian Sex. II Dedication I dedicate this project to my wife and son Yazen, Thank you for being a part of my life… III Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. Boulenouar Mohammed Yamine, whose fruitful suggestions and wise remarks have helped accomplish this project. Many thanks to the members of jury who will be reading this project, thank you for your priceless time and patience in reading my thesis. Special thanks go to the department of English at the University of Sidi Bel Abbes, whom I am honored to be a part of. Endless gratitude goes to the library of the faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts for allowing me access to endless of the resources they have. Special thanks go to my wife and son, Yazen for being such an indescribable joy, without whom this project would never have seen light. Finally, I would like to thank all my colleagues and friends at the department of English, and anyone who has helped me complete this project. Thank you all. IV Table of Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................. I Dedication.......................................................................................................................... II Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. III Table of Contents.............................................................................................................. IV List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures.................................................................................................................... VIII General Introduction........................................................................................................ 01 Chapter One:The Historical Background of Postcolonialism 1.1.Introduction........................................................................................................... 08 1.2.The Postcolonial World........................................................................................ 10 1.3.The Alleged Civilizing Mission of the White Man............................................. 17 1.3.1.The Occident as "us" and the Orient as "them"............................................. 20 1.3.2.The Pleasures of Imperialism ........................................................................ 25 1.4.The Mechanism of "othering"............................................................................. 30 1.4.1. Ethnicity and the Inferiority Complex.......................................................... 33 1.4.2. National Identity ........................................................................................... 37 1.4.2.1. Nativism / Alienation ............................................................................ 40 1.4.2.2. Race / Gender / Citizenship................................................................... 41 1.5. The Western Imperialism versus the Soviet Expansion.................................... 44 1.5.1. The Algerian Rejection to the Western Imperialism .................................. 47 1.5.2. The French Strategies to Maintain Superiority........................................... 51 1.5.2.1.The War of Genocide............................................................................ 54 V 1.5.2.2.The Scorched-earth ............................................................................... 59 1.5.2.3.The Policy of Divide and Conquer ....................................................... 60 1.5.2.4.The Fabrication of Harkis..................................................................... 61 1.5.2.5.Exile...................................................................................................... 64 1.5.3. The Russian Empire and its "other"............................................................ 65 1.6.Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 68 Chapter Two: The Problematic of Postcolonial Femininity and the Female Body 2.1. Introduction........................................................................................................... 71 2.2. The Gendered Nature of Colonialism ................................................................. 72 2.3. Passiveness of Women in History ........................................................................ 78 2.4. Women's Framed National Identity.................................................................... 82 2.5. Postcolonial Female Double Oppression............................................................. 86 2.5.1. Female as a Colonized Subject ..................................................................... 88 2.5.2. Female as a Gendered Subject ...................................................................... 89 2.6. The Legitimate Confiscation of the Female Body .............................................. 93 2.6.1. Women of Algiers in their Appartement ...................................................... 96 2.6.1.1. The Orientalism of Eugène Delacroix.............................................. 99 2.6.1.2. Picasso's Naked Women................................................................... 101 2.6.1.3. Assia Djebar's Representation of the Algerian Women ................... 103 2.6.1.4. The Body behind the Veil................................................................. 110 2.6.2. Field Work in Ukrainian Sex ........................................................................ 114 2.6.2.1. The Body at the Crossfire................................................................. 116 2.6.2.2. The Gulag Nightmare ....................................................................... 119 VI 2.7. Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 122 Chapter Three: Language to Preserve Culture 3.1. Introduction .....................................................................................................
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