Ts Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports

DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS DENVER MUSEUMDENVER OF NATURE & SCIENCE NUMBER 7, AUGUST 2, 2017

WWW.DMNS.ORG/SCIENCE/MUSEUM-PUBLICATIONS Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports 2001 Colorado Boulevard (Print) ISSN 2374-7730 Denver, CO 80205, U.S.A. Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports (Online) ISSN 2374-7749 REPORTS • NUMBER 7 AUGUST 2, 2017

Cover photo: Gnorimoschema septentrionella (Gelechiidae); S. end of Pike Lake, Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada, 12 August 2005, leg. J.K. Morton (photo by Vazrick Nazari; scale: 2 mm)

The Denver Museum of Nature & Science Reports (ISSN Frank Krell, PhD, Editor and Production 2374-7730 [print], ISSN 2374-7749 [online]) is an open- access, non peer-reviewed scientiﬁ c journal publishing papers about DMNS research, collections, or other Program and Abstracts Museum related topics, generally authored or co-authored Second North American by Museum staff or associates. Peer review will only be arranged on request of the authors. Microlepidopterists’ Meeting August 2, 2017 The journal is available online at www.dmns.org/Science/ University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Museum-Publications free of charge. Paper copies are exchanged via the DMNS Library exchange program ([email protected]) or are available for purchase from our print-on-demand publisher Lulu (www.lulu.com). David J. Bettman (Ed.) DMNS owns the copyright of the works published in the Reports, which are published under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial license. For commercial use of published material contact the Alfred M. Bailey Library & Archives at [email protected]. WWW.DMNS.ORG/SCIENCE/MUSEUM-PUBLICATIONS DENVER MUSEUM OF NATURE & SCIENCE REPORTS NUMBER 7, AUGUST 2, 2017

Program and Abstracts Second North American Microlepidopterists’ Meeting August 2, 2017, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

Edited by CONTENTS David J. Bettman1 Program 2

Abstracts—Oral Presentations 3

Abstracts—Poster Presentations 5

Abstracts—Workshops 6

The meeting was organized by Vazrick Nazari, David Bettman, and Todd Gilligan and was hosted by Wendy Moore, Gene Hall, and Katy Prudic at the University of Arizona Insect Collection, Tucson, Arizona.

1Department of Zoology Denver Museum of Nature & Science 2001 Colorado Boulevard Denver, Colorado 80205-5798, USA [email protected] Bettman 2nd North American Micolepidopterists’ Meeting

PROGRAM

Wednesday, August 2 9:00am: Welcome and Introductory Remarks

9:15am*: Contributed Talks

We’re trying something different this year. Instead of a rigidly scheduled session of talks, present- ers can volunteer in any order they prefer, and talks can vary in length depending on the amount of material the speaker wishes to cover.

12:00pm*: Lunch

1:30pm*: Workshops

Similar to the contributed talks, the workshops can be presented in any order and can be shorter or longer, as needed.

5:00pm*: Dinner at a local restaurant

We could do a group collecting trip after dinner if there is enough interest.

* times are approximate, and will be decided upon by the attendees

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ABSTRACTS—ORAL PRESENTATIONS Pelochrista Lederer of the contiguous United States and Canada (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini) Chaetosemata diversity within the Todd Gilligan* Lepidoptera Identification Technology Program, USDA-APHIS- David Bettman PPQ-S&T, 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Collins, Colorado 80526, USA Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, Colorado [email protected] 80205-5798, USA Donald Wright [email protected] 3349 Morrison Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220- The sensory structures known as chaetosemata were 1430, USA first recognized almost a century ago, but no one is [email protected] yet certain exactly what they do and they have generally been ignored by lepidopterists. When mentioned in Pelochrista Lederer is a large Holarctic genus in the the literature it is almost exclusively to note only their Tortricidae. Nearly three-quarters of the 226 described presence or absence, yet chaetosemata are diverse in species are native to North America, and the highest shape and structure and are quite useful in identifica- species richness occurs in the western half of that con- tion and in delimiting natural groups. This talk will tinent. Here we discuss our latest revision of the genus, explore the range of chaetosemata diversity, especially in which, along with the Eucosma revision published in microlepidoptera. 2015, provides the first comprehensive treatments of these diverse North American genera to be published in more than 90 years. We provide an overview of Pelochrista and the 168 species present in the contiguous United States Form & function: videos of how microlepi- and Canada, summarize taxonomic changes, and discuss doptera caterpillars utilize their silk and some unresolved species complexes. prolegs (or not!) Marc E. Epstein Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, California Department of Phylogeny of Tortricidae: a morphological Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, California 95832, USA approach marc.epstein@cdfa.ca.gov Christi Jaeger Survey from my video and SEM archives of Limacodi- Mississippi Entomological Museum, 100 Old Highway dae, Megalopygidae, Aididae, Dalceridae, Zygaenidae, 12, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Praydidae, Nepticulidae, Eriocraniidae, Tineidae, and Mississippi 39762-9775, USA Gracillariidae. [email protected] Phylogenetic relationships of all 22 tribes of Tor- tricidae, representing 57 genera and 78 species (distributed in Neotropical, Nearctic, Palearctic, Oriental, and Australian regions), were investigated based on 52 morphological characters, including the incorporation of 27 novel non-traditional characters of

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the endo- and exoskeleton. The phylogenetic analysis Taxonomy of global Gnorimoschemini yielded five equally parsimonious trees (length 389 pests of Solanaceae: problems and steps, CI=0.2571, RI=0.7051), a strict consensus perspectives (length 392 steps, CI=0.2551, RI=0.7021) of which Vazrick Nazari* produced two trichotomies. These results reinforced Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids those from previous molecular analyses (Fagua et and Nematodes, Ottawa Research and Development al. 2016; Regier et al. 2012) with some disagreement, Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, consistent with historical conclusions made based on Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada morphology. Mapping character distribution onto a [email protected] recent molecular based phylogeny (Regier et al. 2012) revealed promising characters for subfamily and tribal Jean-François Landry delimitation. Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada The growing USNM microlepidoptera [email protected] collections database The tribe Gnorimoschemini includes some of the most Mark Metz serious and best-studied global pests of Solanaceae Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, National (e.g., Tuta absoluta, Symmetrischema tangolias, Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC Phthorimaea operculella, etc.), yet their taxonomy 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA and phylogenetic placement in the larger context of [email protected] the family Gelechiidae remains poorly understood. In this talk I summarize results of some of the work Data and associated media of specimens accessioned in carried out in the Canadian National Collection on the USNM are accessible through a public portal that Gnorimoschemini fauna of North America over the mirrors the inventory database (KEMu), and there is past few years and provide insights from some pre- a growing body of records associated with specimens liminary results into the systematics and phylogeny of microlepidoptera. We have applied concerted efforts of this group. towards the primary types in particular. In this short presentation, I will demonstrate the public portal and the several ways to search and browse records. Records with associated media are easily identifiable, and users can export a large number of data fields for a large group of records in multiple formats. Images associated with specimens are available in several sizes that can be downloaded and reused based upon the rights of the image. We hope, since the collections database should be freely accessible to anyone with an internet connection, that it will facilitate identifications and revisions worldwide.

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Nomenclatural principles and tortured ABSTRACTS—POSTER PRESENTATIONS tortricid taxonomy: the tale of Choristo- neura occidentalis Freeman Research in the central Andes reveals Felix Sperling* new host-plant data and the world’s Department of Biological Sciences, University of highest altitudinal fauna of Nepticulidae Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada Jonas R. Stonis [email protected] Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences and Bryan Brunet Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute, Studentų St. Department of Biological Sciences, University of 39, Vilnius LT-08106, Lithuania Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada [email protected] [email protected] Arūnas Diškus If there is a lesson to be gained here, it is to avoid using Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences and obviously descriptive species epithets for taxonomically Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute, Studentų St. unsettled groups. When Freeman described Choristo- 39, Vilnius LT-08106, Lithuania neura occidentalis in 1967, he surely never thought that [email protected] his name for the western spruce budworm would become Andrius Remeikis a homonym when Razowski moved Walsingham’s Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences and African Cacoecia occidentalis 1891 into Choristoneura. Baltic-American Biotaxonomy Institute, Studentų St. He might have been mollified by Razowski’s gracious 39, Vilnius LT-08106, Lithuania replacement name, Choristoneura freemani 2008, [email protected] but thousands of foresters in North America only saw taxonomic mischief. And what about Freeman’s Cho- Ole Karsholt ristoneura biennis, described simultaneously (but Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of earlier in the paper) and really just a northern form of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Køben- C. occidentalis? So what should we do now—stick to havn Ø, Denmark nomenclatural principles and damn the masses, or find [email protected] a path past this problem? If so, which principle or which M. Alma Solis path? I will describe our efforts to preserve taxonomic Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, National stability in an era of high throughput DNA deluges. You Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC can judge whether it works or not. 168, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA [email protected] Pygmy moths (Nepticulidae) are a peculiar, specialized family of primitive (monotrysian) leaf-mining Lepi- doptera with worldwide distribution. For a long period of time South America, though vast and with a hugely diverse biota, was comparatively unexplored regard- ing the collection and study of pygmy moths. However, recent studies showed that Nepticulidae and particularly its genus Stigmella Schrank are widespread in this region and particularly in the Andes (see Puplesis &

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Robinson 2000; Puplesis et al. 2002; Stonis et al. 2014, ABSTRACTS—WORKSHOPS 2015a, 2015b, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2016d, 2016e, 2016f, 2017a, 2017b; Remeikis & Stonis 2015; Remeikis 2017; etc.). Therefore, it was not unexpected that our recent Round-table discussion: making and study of a large collection sample from the central Andes customizing field equipment for micro- deposited in the ZMUC and other collections revealed a leps and microlep rearing techniques diverse fauna of Nepticulidae. We provide a summary of David Bettman (facilitator) recently published studies. Department of Zoology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80205-5798, USA [email protected] Gelechioidea intercepted in international baggage 2012–2017 Most microlep workers wind up developing their own gear (or their own customizations of standard equip- James D. Young ment) to take into the field, in addition to their own USDA APHIS PPQ Plant Health Programs, 4700 River procedures for rearing out micros. These innovations Road, Unit 52, Riverdale, Maryland 20737, USA are usually not widely known and therefore many wheels [email protected] wind up being reinvented. This round-table discussion The superfamily Gelechioidea has several well-known will focus on sharing techniques for making effective agricultural pests that are currently included in killing jars, making light traps and pheromone traps, domestic surveys. In addition to those being surveyed using non-standard gear such as malaise traps, etc. as for, several taxa are regularly intercepted in passenger well as techniques for rearing leaf miners and other baggage entering the United States of America. This micros. Attendees are encouraged to bring their gear, includes Cerconota anonella, Psorosticha zizyphi, designs, and modifications to show and demonstrate. Symmetrischema spp., Dichomeris spp., and others that could impact the U.S. if they were to become established. The biology, identification capability and potential risk of such taxa are briefly discussed. Spreading techniques for microlepidoptera Christopher C. Grinter California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA [email protected] Anyone who has worked with microlepidoptera is painfully aware that the standard spreading techniques for macroleps tend to give poor results when used on micros. This workshop will demonstrate an efficient and relatively painless method of mounting micros upside-down on foam and will discuss sourcing materials and construction techniques for microlep pinning boxes.

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Cover photo: Gnorimoschema septentrionella (Gelechiidae); S. end of Pike Lake, Manitoulin Island, Ontario, Canada, 12 August 2005, leg. J.K. Morton (photo by Vazrick Nazari; scale: 2 mm)