DOCSLIB.ORG

Exosomes As Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exosomes As Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy Sahar Esfandyari 1,2,†, Hoda Elkafas 1,3,† , Rishi Man Chugh 1,4, Hang-soo Park 5 , Antonia Navarro 5 and Ayman Al-Hendy 5,* 1 Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; [email protected] (S.E.); [email protected] (H.E.); [email protected] (R.M.C.) 2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formally, (NODCAR), Cairo 35521, Egypt 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] (H.-s.P.); [email protected] (A.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-773-832-0742 † These authors equally contributed in this work. Abstract: Cell–cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes Citation: Esfandyari, S.; Elkafas, H.; contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets Chugh, R.M.; Park, H.-s.; Navarro, A.; in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to Al-Hendy, A. Exosomes as compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in Biomarkers for Female Reproductive female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy. Int. premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2165. https:// cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042165 the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and Academic Editor: Rosalia C.M. Simmen treatment of the related complications. Received: 22 January 2021 Keywords: Exosome; infertility; female reproductive diseases Accepted: 18 February 2021 Published: 22 February 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral 1. Introduction with regard to jurisdictional claims in Intercellular interaction is a critical factor in organizing cellular events in all organisms. published maps and institutional affil- In multicellular organisms, various strategies have been implied in cellular cross-talk and iations. cell–cell communication. These strategies are either direct interplay by gap junctions or an indirect mechanism in which secreted extracellular signals are involved [1]. The second procedure follows different stages, such as the production and secretion of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors into the extracellular spaces and their attachment to the target Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. cells for influencing target cells’ activities. The transmission of hormones in the circulation Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. system is the most prominent example of intercellular interaction resulting in specific This article is an open access article signaling pathways among cells [2]. Mainly, cells in the reproductive tissues are in constant distributed under the terms and communication affected by autocrine (the same cell generating the signal), endocrine conditions of the Creative Commons (between distant cells), and paracrine (between nearby cells) signaling pathways [3,4]. Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// Several studies have recently suggested extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a new mech- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ anism mediating cellular crosstalk within or among tissues [5–7]. Moreover, the use of 4.0/). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042165 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 26 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2165 Several studies have recently suggested extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a new mecha-2 of 26 nism mediating cellular crosstalk within or among tissues [5–7]. Moreover, the use of EVs in diagnosis and treatment has been indicated in many studies. EVs are an interesting subjectEVs in in diagnosis reproductive and treatment disorder has therapeutics been indicated because in many of their studies. ability EVs to aretransfer an interesting various moleculessubject in either reproductive in normal disorder or abnormal therapeutics conditions because [8]. EVs of their are abilitya heterogeneous to transfer popula- various tionmolecules of nanoparticles either in normal secreted or abnormal by different conditions cells in [ 8an]. EVsevolutionarily are a heterogeneous conserved population manner [9,10].of nanoparticles This shuttling secreted activity by happens different throug cells inh anat evolutionarilyleast two mechanisms: conserved (i) mannerby the recep- [9,10]. tor/ligandThis shuttling interaction activity between happens EVs through and target at least cells two or mechanisms: (ii) by attachment (i) by the of EVs receptor/ligand with target plasmainteraction cells between following EVs the and membrane/membrane target cells or (ii) by attachment fusion with of the EVs transfer with target of their plasma content cells withinfollowing the target the membrane/membrane cells [8,11,12]. Therefore, fusion these with vesicles the transfer contain of bioactive their content molecular within sig- the nals,target including cells [8,11 DNAs,,12]. Therefore, RNAs (b theseoth coding vesicles and contain non-coding bioactive RN molecularAs), lipids, signals, and proteins, including asDNAs, well as RNAs chemical (both compounds coding and non-codinglike drugs, RNAs),including lipids, Cisplatin, and proteins, Doxorubicin, as well Curcumin, as chemical andcompounds Acridine likeOrange, drugs, which including mediate Cisplatin, target Doxorubicin,cells’ functions Curcumin, by either andinduction Acridine of surface Orange, ligandswhich mediateor transferring target cells’ factors functions associated by either with induction different of biological surface ligands pathways or transferring [9,13,14]. Nevertheless,factors associated the EVs with role different in cell–cell biological communication pathways [9 ,13is ,highly14]. Nevertheless, influenced by the the EVs micro- role in environmentcell–cell communication they are present is highly in, for influenced example, by the the pH. microenvironment In this case, it was they reported are present that in, therefor example, was a higher the pH. release In this and case, uptake it was of reported EVs at lower that there pH in was contrast a higher to releasea buffered and condi- uptake tionof EVs [11,15]. at lower Furthermore, pH in contrast along to with a buffered the rapid condition growth [ 11of, 15epigenetic]. Furthermore, investigations, along with there the israpid great growth evidence of epigenetic that circulating investigations, EVs might there transfer is great information evidence that as foreign circulating genes EVs to might ger- minaltransfer cells. information In other words, as foreign it was genes indicated to germinal that somatic cells. nucleic In other acids words, were it transferred was indicated to germinalthat somatic cells nucleic by EVs, acids which were subsequently transferred toacted germinal as the cells final by recipients EVs, which of subsequentlysomatic cell- derivedacted as data the final[16]. recipients of somatic cell-derived data [16]. ThereThere are are different different types types of ofEVs, EVs, includin includingg exosomes, exosomes, microvesic microvesiclesles (MVs), (MVs), apoptotic apop- bodiestotic bodies (ABs) (ABs)according according to their to theirsize, size,specif specificic surface surface markers, markers, biogenesis, biogenesis, and andcontent con- [17,18].tent [17 Among,18]. Among them, them, exosomes exosomes are areknown known as aseffective effective paracrine paracrine regulators regulators of of cellular cellular crosstalkcrosstalk and and are are present present in in various various biological biological fluids. fluids. Different Different functions functions have have been been iden- iden- tifiedtified for for these these molecules, molecules, including including metabolism metabolism regulation, regulation, cell cell proliferation, proliferation, apoptosis, apoptosis, angiogenesis,angiogenesis, antigen antigen presenting, presenting, inflammatory inflammatory pathways, pathways, tumor tumor pathogenesis, pathogenesis, tissue tissue re- pair,repair, and and reproduction reproduction [19–21]. [19–21 ]. Exosome secretion has been addressed in a variety of reproductive cells, such as Exosome secretion has been addressed in a variety of reproductive cells, such as en- endometrial cells [22], follicular cells [5], embryos produced in vitro [23], and oviductal dometrial cells [22], follicular cells [5], embryos produced
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prevalence of Menstrual Irregularities in Correlation with Body Fat Among Students of Selected Colleges in a District of Tamil Nadu, India
    National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology RESEARCH ARTICLE Prevalence of menstrual irregularities in correlation with body fat among students of selected colleges in a district of Tamil Nadu, India Sherly Deborah G1, Siva Priya D V2, Rama Swamy C2 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia, 2Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Correspondence to: Sherly Deborah G, E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 05, 2017; Accepted: March 22, 2017 ABSTRACT Background: Menstrual irregularities are usually due to imbalance of hormones. Although menstrual irregularities may be normal during the early postmenarchal years, pathological conditions require proper and prompt management. Obesity associated with many health consequences including hormonal imbalance has a direct effect on menstrual cycle. Hence, attention to obesity is obligatory for the inclusion of diagnosis and treatment of menstrual complaints which has become a leading issue in women’s life. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to assess the menstrual irregularities and to find the association between menstrual irregularities and body fat among students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected colleges in a district of Tamil Nadu in India. A total of 399 samples were included in the study. A 10-item questionnaire was administered to assess the menstrual irregularity in each student. The demographic variables along with anthropometric measurements were collected. Anthropometric measurements were taken to calculate the body fat percentage using modified YMCA formula. Results: The prevalence of menstrual irregularities was high in obesity compared with those with normal body fat and particularly oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, and hypomenorrhea had statistically significant increase in obese students.
    [Show full text]
  • (IJCRI) Abdominal Menstruation
    www.edoriumjournals.com CASE SERIES PEER REVIEWED | OPEN ACCESS Abdominal menstruation: A dilemma for the gynecologist Seema Singhal, Sunesh Kumar, Yamini Kansal, Deepika Gupta, Mohit Joshi ABSTRACT Introduction: Menstrual fistulae are rare. They have been reported after pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic radiation therapy, trauma, pelvic surgery, endometriosis, tuberculosis, gossypiboma, Crohn’s disease, sepsis, migration of intrauterine contraceptive device and other pelvic pathologies. We report two rare cases of menstrual fistula. Case Series: Case 1: A 27- year-old nulliparous female presented with complaint of cyclical bleeding from the abdomen since three years. There was previous history of hypomenorrhea and cyclical abdominal pain since menarche. There is history of laparotomy five years back and laparoscopy four years back in view of pelvic mass. Soon after she began to have blood mixed discharge from scar site which coincided with her menstruation. She was diagnosed to have a vertical fusion defect with communicating left hypoplastic horn and non-communicating right horn on imaging. Laparotomy with excision of fistula and removal of right hematosalpinx was done. Case 2: 25-year-old female presented with history of lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) and burst abdomen, underwent laparotomy and loop ileostomy. Thereafter patient developed cyclical bleeding from scar site. Laparotomy with excision of fistulous tract and closure of uterine rent was done. Conclusion: Clinical suspicion and imaging help to clinch the diagnosis. There is no recommended treatment modality. Surgery is the mainstay of management. Complete excision of fistulous tract is mandatory for good long-term outcomes. International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) International Journal of Case Reports and Images (IJCRI) is an international, peer reviewed, monthly, open access, online journal, publishing high-quality, articles in all areas of basic medical sciences and clinical specialties.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginitis and Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
    UCSF Family Medicine Board Review 2013 Vaginitis and Abnormal • There are no relevant financial relationships with any commercial Vaginal Bleeding interests to disclose Michael Policar, MD, MPH Professor of Ob, Gyn, and Repro Sciences UCSF School of Medicine [email protected] Vulvovaginal Symptoms: CDC 2010: Trichomoniasis Differential Diagnosis Screening and Testing Category Condition • Screening indications – Infections Vaginal trichomoniasis (VT) HIV positive women: annually – Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Consider if “at risk”: new/multiple sex partners, history of STI, inconsistent condom use, sex work, IDU Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) • Newer assays Skin Conditions Fungal vulvitis (candida, tinea) – Rapid antigen test: sensitivity, specificity vs. wet mount Contact dermatitis (irritant, allergic) – Aptima TMA T. vaginalis Analyte Specific Reagent (ASR) Vulvar dermatoses (LS, LP, LSC) • Other testing situations – Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) Suspect trich but NaCl slide neg culture or newer assays – Psychogenic Physiologic, psychogenic Pap with trich confirm if low risk • Consider retesting 3 months after treatment Trichomoniasis: Laboratory Tests CDC 2010: Vaginal Trichomoniasis Treatment Test Sensitivity Specificity Cost Comment Aptima TMA +4 (98%) +3 (98%) $$$ NAAT (like GC/Ct) • Recommended regimen Culture +3 (83%) +4 (100%) $$$ Not in most labs – Metronidazole 2 grams PO single dose Point of care – Tinidazole 2 grams PO single dose •Affirm VP III +3 +4 $$$ DNA probe • Alternative regimen (preferred for HIV infected
    [Show full text]
  • Plasma Membrane-Derived Microvesicles Released from Tip Endothelial Cells During Vascular Sprouting
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Angiogenesis (2012) 15:761–769 DOI 10.1007/s10456-012-9292-y BRIEF COMMUNICATION Plasma membrane-derived microvesicles released from tip endothelial cells during vascular sprouting Daniela Virgintino • Marco Rizzi • Mariella Errede • Maurizio Strippoli • Francesco Girolamo • Mirella Bertossi • Luisa Roncali Received: 9 May 2012 / Accepted: 18 July 2012 / Published online: 11 August 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract During human foetal brain vascularization, Keywords Neuroangiogenesis Á Tip cells Á Endothelial activated CD31?/CD105? endothelial cells are character- filopodia Á Plasma membrane-derived microvesicles Á ized by the emission of filopodial processes which also Human foetal brain Á Immunofluorescence confocal decorate the advancing tip of the vascular sprout. Together microscopy with filopodia, both the markers also reveal a number of plasma membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs) which are concentrated around the tip cell tuft of processes. At this Introduction site, MVs appear in tight contact with endothelial filopodia and follow these long processes, advancing into the sur- Exosomes and other plasma membrane-derived vesicles, rounding neuropil to a possible cell target. These obser- known as ectosomes, shed vesicles, or microvesicles (MV), vations suggest that, like shedding vesicles of many other are secreted by many different cell types and are thought to cell types that deliver signalling molecules and play a role play important roles in cell–cell communication by in cell-to-cell communication, MVs sent out from endo- releasing various active molecules including signalling thelial tip cells could be involved in tip cell guidance and/ molecules, mRNAs, and miRNAs, in both physiological or act on target cells, regulating cell-to-cell mutual recog- and pathological processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between Menstrual Disorders and Obesity
    ArchiveInt J School of Health SID. 2018 April; 5(2):e65716. doi: 10.5812/intjsh.65716. Published online 2018 April 17. Research Article Association Between Menstrual Disorders and Obesity-Related Anthropometric Indices in Female High School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study Mostafa Rad,1 Marzieh Torkmannejad Sabzevary,2 and Zahra Mohebbi Dehnavi3,* 1Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR Iran 2Mobini Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IR Iran 3Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran *Corresponding author: Zahra Mohebbi Dehnavi, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9139752086, E-mail: [email protected] Received 2018 January 02; Revised 2018 April 11; Accepted 2018 April 13. Abstract Background: The menstrual cycle determines the health of women. Menstrual disorders are a major Geneologic problem among women, especially adolescents, which is a major source of anxiety for them and their families. Factors such as BMI, exercise, and stress can be related to menstrual disorders. As a result, this study was conducted to determine the association between menstrual disorders and anthropometric indices in Female High School Students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sabzevar on 200 high school female students in 2017. The partici- pants first completed the personal, midwifery,
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Anemia on Menstruation and Academic Performance of Adolescent Girls Attending Secondary Schools of Rural Wardha District 1Rufina Binoy,2 Neema Acharya
    WJOA Impact of Anemia on Menstruation and Academic10.5005/jp-journals-10065-0001 Performance of Adolescent Girls ORIGINAL ARTICLE Impact of Anemia on Menstruation and Academic Performance of Adolescent Girls attending Secondary Schools of Rural Wardha District 1Rufina Binoy,2 Neema Acharya 3 ABSTRACT adolescents, and women of childbearing age group. Anemia is a common nutritional problem in adolescents.4 In this research, we hope to understand the Introduction: Very few studies focus on adolescent girls’ health, in view effect of anemia on the various menstrual parameters and disorders and on the academic performance of adolescent of that the present study was taken up to throw light on girls attending secondary schools of rural Wardha. the prevalence of anemia in the rural district of Wardha Materials and methods: Questionnaires were prepared and and to assess the effect of the same on their menstrual distributed to the female students who came to attend the health and academic performance. adolescent clinic in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, India, for health checkup. Their hemoglobin was estimated and recorded in their respective questionnaires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Questionnaires were designed to understand in the best way possible the effects of anemia on the menstrual health and • Site: The research was conducted in Acharya Vinoba academic life of the adolescent girls. Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH), Sawangi, Wardha, Results: The results revealed a remarkable correlation India. between the grades of anemia and poor menstrual health; a • Type of study: Questionnaire-based study similar result was seen in case of academic performance as • Duration: 6 months well.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Menstrual Disorders in Developing Countries: a Systematic Review
    BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.00012.x January 2004, Vol. 111, pp. 6–16 REVIEW Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries: a systematic review Introduction Information on the prevalence of menstrual complaints in the past three months was obtained in seven countries In developing countries, priority setting in the health (Table 1). These data permit cross national comparisons sector traditionally focuses on the principal causes of mor- in so far as similar questions with a similar time reference tality. More recently, the Global Burden of Disease approach were asked. However, no definitions were provided and incorporates assessment of morbidity and quality of life in considerable variation in the interpretation of questions identifying priorities. Yet, although investigations in various among individuals and across cultures is likely. developing countries reveal that women are concerned by Approximately a dozen subsequent surveys, including menstrual disorders, little attention is paid to understanding community-based, clinic-based and one national census, or ameliorating women’s menstrual complaints.1 Menstrual include some information on menstrual morbidities6–29 dysfunction, like other aspects of sexual and reproductive (Table 2). A few health surveys of special populations, health, is not included in the Global Burden of Disease such as factory workers in Vietnam17 and medical students estimates2,3 and, even as reproductive health programs in Venezuela,27,28 have also included relevant questions expand their focus to address gynaecologic morbidity, the on menstrual disorders. These surveys vary consider- utility of evaluating and treating menstrual problems is ably in the definition of and reference period for men- not generally considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Identification of Neurotrophins in the Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis Aimee S
    Proteomic identification of neurotrophins in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis Aimee S. Browne, Emory University Jie Yu, Wake Forest University Ruo-Pan Huang, Emory University Antonio M.C. Francisco, Wake Forest University Neil Sidell, Emory University W Robert Taylor, Emory University Journal Title: Fertility and Sterility Volume: Volume 98, Number 3 Publisher: Elsevier | 2012-09-01, Pages 713-719 Type of Work: Article | Post-print: After Peer Review Publisher DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.027 Permanent URL: https://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/s9fwb Final published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.027 Copyright information: © 2012 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine. This is an Open Access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Accessed September 30, 2021 1:42 AM EDT NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Fertil Steril. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 September 01. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Fertil Steril. 2012 September ; 98(3): 713–719. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.05.027. Proteomic identification of neurotrophins in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis Aimee S. Browne, MD, MSc1, Jie Yu, MD, MSc1,2, Ruo-Pan Huang, MD, PhD1,3, Antônio M. C. Francisco, MD2,4, Neil Sidell, PhD1, and Robert N. Taylor, MD, PhD1,2,* 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
    [Show full text]
  • Epithelial Cell Line Derived from Endometriotic Lesion Mimics Macrophage Nervous Mechanism of Pain Generation on Proteome and Metabolome Levels
    biomolecules Article Epithelial Cell Line Derived from Endometriotic Lesion Mimics Macrophage Nervous Mechanism of Pain Generation on Proteome and Metabolome Levels Benjamin Neuditschko 1,2,† , Marlene Leibetseder 1,† , Julia Brunmair 1 , Gerhard Hagn 1 , Lukas Skos 1, Marlene C. Gerner 3 , Samuel M. Meier-Menches 1,2,4 , Iveta Yotova 5 and Christopher Gerner 1,4,* 1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (B.N.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (G.H.); [email protected] (L.S.); [email protected] (S.M.M.-M.) 2 Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria 3 Division of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] 4 Joint Metabolome Facility, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] Citation: Neuditschko, B.; * Correspondence: [email protected] Leibetseder, M.; Brunmair, J.; Hagn, † Authors contributed equally. G.; Skos, L.; Gerner, M.C.; Meier-Menches, S.M.; Yotova, I.; Abstract: Endometriosis is a benign disease affecting one in ten women of reproductive age world- Gerner, C. Epithelial Cell Line wide. Although the pain level is not correlated to the extent of the disease, it is still one of the Derived from Endometriotic Lesion cardinal symptoms strongly affecting the patients’ quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • A Therapeutic Approach for Senile Dementias: Neuroangiogenesis Charles T
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Kentucky University of Kentucky UKnowledge Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications Genetics 2015 A Therapeutic Approach for Senile Dementias: Neuroangiogenesis Charles T. Ambrose University of Kentucky, [email protected] Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/microbio_facpub Part of the Geriatrics Commons, Molecular Genetics Commons, and the Neurology Commons Repository Citation Ambrose, Charles T., "A Therapeutic Approach for Senile Dementias: Neuroangiogenesis" (2015). Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications. 110. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/microbio_facpub/110 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Therapeutic Approach for Senile Dementias: Neuroangiogenesis Notes/Citation Information Published in Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, v. 43, no. 1, p. 1-17. © 2015 – IOS Press and the author The opc yright holders have granted the permission for posting the article here. The document available for download is the author's post-peer-review final draft of the ra ticle. The final publication is available at IOS Press through https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140498. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140498 This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/microbio_facpub/110 ABSTRACT (234 words) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related senile dementias (SDs) represent a growing medical and economic crisis in this country.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Hypothyroid Females of Reproductive Age Group – a Prospective Study
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 8, Issue 01, 2021 PATTERN OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING IN HYPOTHYROID FEMALES OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP – A PROSPECTIVE STUDY Dr. Sabha Malik ¹, Dr. Saba Musharaf ², Dr. Natasha Gupta³* 1. MD; Senior Resident, Dept. Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SKIMS , Kashmir; 2. MD; Senior Resident, Dept. Of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SKIMS , Kashmir; 3. MD; Senior Resident, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, New Delhi; 3Email-Id : [email protected] Abstract Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction may have profound effect on the female reproductive system. Hypothyroidism results in change in cycle length and amount of bleeding leading to oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and menorrhagia Objective: This study was conducted to see menstrual patterns in hypothyroid females of reproductive age group in Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir. Study Design: Prospective cohort study Material and Methods: 50 patients who presented to OPD with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding in Dept of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SKIMS, Kashmir were recruited. Statistical Analyses: Data presented as percentages for qualitative variables. For continuous variable, student ‘t-test’ was applied and to see for association among the variables , chi-square test was used. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: In our study among hypothyroid reproductive women, most common pattern of AUB was menorrhagia that was around 58% (29/50) followed by polymenorrhea 22 % (11/50). Hypomenorhea, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea were present in 8%, 6 % and 6 % respectively. Conclusion: In hypothyroid females presenting with AUB, menorrhagia is the most common abnormal pattern of bleeding followed by polymenorrhea. Hypomennorhea, oligomennorhea and amenorrhea were less common.
    [Show full text]
  • Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Sorting It All
    Abnormal Uterine Bleeding- Sorting It All Out Patricia Geraghty MSN, FNP-BC, WHNP Disclosures • Abbvie Inc. Speakers Bureau, Advisory Board • Therapeutics MD Speaker, Advisory Board • Sharecare Inc. Advisory Board • No commercial material is included in this presentation. All citations are from peer-reviewed academic sources. The speaker has not been paid by any outside entity for this presentation or any presentation on this topic. Objectives • Define the variation in normal uterine bleeding. • Distinguish the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding according to the PALM-COEIN classification system. • Determine age appropriate approach to the diagnostic work- up of abnormal uterine bleeding. • Select the management strategies for specific abnormal bleeding etiology utilizing an understanding of structural and hormonal interventions. • Differentiate the interventions for acute heavy uterine bleeding. Defining Normal • Normal menses (95% of population)1 • Frequency every 24 to 38 days • Duration 4 to 6 days • Blood volume 20-80 cc; requires change of protection every 3 to 6 hours on heaviest day(s) • Tapers over following days • 50% volume loss is vaginal and cervical secretions • Regular -difference between longest and shortest interval < 20 days in 12 month period 1Fraser I, et al. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(3):466-476. ACOG Committee Practice Bulletin. Ob Gyn. 2012; 120(1):197-206. Sharp HT, Johnson JV et al. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Apr;129(4):603-607 Updating Terminology Dimension < 5th Percentile 5th-95th Percentile >95th Percentile Regularity cycle- Absent Regular (variation Irregular (typical variation to-cycle over 12 Amenorrhea 2 ± 20d) >20d between mos longest/shortest interval) Intermenstrual Frequency Infrequent (>38d) Normal Frequent (<24d) Oligomenorrhea Polymenorrhea Duration Shortened (< 4.5d) Normal Prolonged (> 8d) Hypomenorrhea Hypermenorrhea Volume Light (< 5 cc) Normal Heavy (> 80 cc) Hypomenorrhea Menorrhagia Combination Irregular and Heavy Menometrorrhagia Sharp HT, Johnson JV et al.
    [Show full text]