IBM Delivers Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM Z and Linuxone to Run Linux on IBM Z and IBM Linuxone Servers
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Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H
Linux at 25 PETERHISTORY H. SALUS Peter H. Salus is the author of A n June 1991, at the USENIX conference in Nashville, BSD NET-2 was Quarter Century of UNIX (1994), announced. Two months later, on August 25, Linus Torvalds announced Casting the Net (1995), and The his new operating system on comp.os.minix. Today, Android, Google’s Daemon, the Gnu and the Penguin I (2008). [email protected] version of Linux, is used on over two billion smartphones and other appli- ances. In this article, I provide some history about the early years of Linux. Linus was born into the Swedish minority of Finland (about 5% of the five million Finns). He was a “math guy” throughout his schooling. Early on, he “inherited” a Commodore VIC- 20 (released in June 1980) from his grandfather; in 1987 he spent his savings on a Sinclair QL (released in January 1984, the “Quantum Leap,” with a Motorola 68008 running at 7.5 MHz and 128 kB of RAM, was intended for small businesses and the serious hobbyist). It ran Q-DOS, and it was what got Linus involved: One of the things I hated about the QL was that it had a read-only operating system. You couldn’t change things ... I bought a new assembler ... and an editor.... Both ... worked fine, but they were on the microdrives and couldn’t be put on the EEPROM. So I wrote my own editor and assembler and used them for all my programming. Both were written in assembly language, which is incredibly stupid by today’s standards. -
Linux - Friheden Til at Vælge Installation
Linux - Friheden til at vælge installation Version 5.8.20040526 - 2020-12-31 Peter Toft og mange andre Linux - Friheden til at vælge installationVersion 5.8.20040526 - 2020-12-31 af Peter Toft og og mange andre Ophavsret © 1998-2005 Forfatterne har ophavsret til bogen, men udgiver den under "Åben dokumentlicens (ÅDL) - version 1.0". Skrevet af mange Linux-brugere til nye brugere som vil hurtigt igang med Linux og tilhørende programmer. Indholdsfortegnelse Forord........................................................................................................................................................ix 1. Forord............................................................................................................................................ix 2. Linux-bøgerne...............................................................................................................................ix 3. Ophavsret.......................................................................................................................................x 4. Om forfatterne og bogens historie.................................................................................................xi 5. Vi siger tak for hjælpen............................................................................................................... xii 6. Typografi.....................................................................................................................................xiv 1. Hvad er Linux?......................................................................................................................................1 -
20 Years of Linux on the Mainframe —
20 Years of Linux on the Mainframe — "Hey Lyz, do you want to work on Mainframes?" "Um..." Elizabeth K. Joseph [email protected] “They run Linux!” October, 2019 LISA'19 What is a mainframe? Depends on who you ask. Traditionally runs z/OS, but increasingly Linux too. Data, data, data. Batch processing! Enterprise-grade hardware and storage. 2 What is a mainframe? 3 How it works with Linux There is always some kind of virtualization being used for Linux on Z. Using z/VM (or KVM!), one or more Linux installs can be put on a single Logical Partition (LPAR). Using Processor Resource and System Manager (PR/SM) a single Linux instance can be installed on a single LPAR. Image source: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-systemz/ 4 Once upon a time mainframes lacked time-sharing Papers discussing time-sharing were published as early as 1959, but Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was first demoed by MIT on an IBM 709 in 1961. 5 Several iterations later… VM/370, in 1972 Want to know about all those iterations? Melinda Varian has published a fascinating history, available in several formats, on her 6 website: http://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/ The Doubtful Decade IBM: “I don’t think anyone needs VMs” (paraphrased) But it got better! VM community thrived, along with the technology and support from IBM. In 1994 experimental TCP/IP support was added to VM, adding a key component to supporting Linux 5 years later. 7 Linux Origins: Bigfoot Developed by Linas Vepstas in 1998-1999 as a community effort. -
IBM Delivers IBM Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM Z and Linuxone 1.0 to Run Red Hat Enterprise Linux on IBM Z and IBM Linuxone Servers
IBM Europe Software Announcement ZP20-0461, dated September 15, 2020 IBM delivers IBM Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM Z and LinuxONE 1.0 to run Red Hat Enterprise Linux on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE servers Table of contents 1 Overview 4 Technical information 2 Key requirements 5 Ordering information 2 Planned availability date 7 Terms and conditions 3 Program number 7 Prices 4 Publications 7 Announcement countries At a glance Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) for IBM Z and LinuxONE can now be ordered through the Entitled Software (ESW) configurator using Shopz to run RHEL Linux on IBM Z and LinuxONE. The Linux operating system benefits from the mainframe's capabilities and strengths, including: • Exceptional data security • Availability • Performance • Cost savings and efficiency RHEL is an open source operating system, subject to the terms set forth by Red Hat, that provides a foundation to scale existing applications and deploy emerging technologies. RHEL has been tested and certified by IBM on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE servers. Overview IBM(R) and Red Hat(R) have a long history of partnering to deliver enterprise-grade Linux(R) computing on the IBM Z(R) platform. One of the first mainframe ports of Linux, Think Blue Linux, was based on Red Hat Linux 6.1. Over the past 20 years, this partnership has grown and has resulted in RHEL being an attractive operating system on IBM Z and LinuxONE. The combination of IBM Z and RHEL brings Linux applications to the mainframe and supports efficient management across Linux workloads. Many workloads that run on RHEL for IBM Z and LinuxONE can be deployed to drive high levels of consolidation. -
Linux in the Cloud, on Prem, Or... on a Mainframe? —
Linux in the Cloud, on Prem, or... on a Mainframe? — Elizabeth K. Joseph | @pleia2 [email protected] | [email protected] 15 January 2020 Linux.conf.au Elizabeth K. Joseph (@pleia2) Developer Advocate, IBM Z (I talk to techies, I don’t know how to sell you a mainframe 路) Debian / Ubuntu OpenStack Apache Mesos Linux on Z 2 But mostly I'm a systems administrator. Distribute! Cloud! OpenStack! CI/CD! Startups! Disrupt! Kubernetes! So, in the cloud or on premises? 3 x86 as far as the eye can see. 4 But there are other things out there! ARM, Power, RISC-V, IBM Z (s390x... mainframe!) 5 What is a mainframe? IBM System 360 (s/360), 1964 IBM z15, 2019 6 What is a mainframe? Depends on who you ask. Traditionally runs z/OS, but increasingly Linux too. Data, data, data. Batch processing! Enterprise-grade hardware and external storage. Virtualization? Solved! Networking? Solved! 7 What is a mainframe? 8 What is a mainframe? Not x86. (IBM Z | zArchitecture | s390x) 190 5.2 ghz processor units (PUs), with 12 cores per chip But also... • 40TB of RAM • 60 PCIe control units across 12 PCIe I/O drawers • 22 dedicated I/O offload processors (SAPs) pre- allocated per system • https://developer.ibm.com/blogs/systems-inside-the- new-ibm-z15/ 9 Storage - DS8900F The highest end model, the IBM DS8950F Model 996 has nearly 5.9 PB (5,898 TB) maximum physical capacity But also... 10 So, what runs on it? z/OS z/TPF z/OS, a widely used mainframe operating system, is designed to The z/Transaction Processing Facility (z/TPF) operating system is offer a stable, secure, and continuously available environment for a special-purpose system that is used by companies with very applications running on the mainframe. -
Linux on Mainframes —
Linux on Mainframes — Past, present and future Elizabeth K. Joseph [email protected] | [email protected] July 3, 2019 Philadelphia area Linux Users Group Elizabeth K. Joseph Developer Advocate, IBM Z (I talk to techies, I don’t know how to sell you a mainframe 路) Debian / Ubuntu OpenStack Apache Mesos Linux on Z 2 ⚠ !!!Warning!!! ⚠ Abbreviation Soup Ahead 3 What is a mainframe? Depends on who you ask. Traditionally runs z/OS, but increasingly Linux too. Data, data, data. Batch processing! Enterprise-grade hardware and storage. 4 What is a mainframe? Source: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/wikis/form/anonymous/api/wiki/33d270cb-c060-40f6-99f3-956c3cb452a3/page/885fd 4df-c77d-4bb8-a43b-f4f44100b3ac/attachment/7fd7adad-44dd-43c9-90d7-5c97650da544/media/IBM%20z14%20technology%20Pitch. pdf 5 How it works with Linux There is always some kind of virtualization being used for Linux on Z. Using z/VM (or KVM!), one or more Linux installs can be put on a single Logical Partition (LPAR). Using Processor Resource and System Manager (PR/SM) a single Linux instance can be installed on a single LPAR. Image source: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-systemz/ 6 Once upon a time mainframes lacked time-sharing Papers discussing time-sharing were published as early as 1959, but Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) was first demoed by MIT on an IBM 709 in 1961. 7 Several iterations later… VM/370, in 1972 Want to know about all those iterations? Melinda Varian has published a fascinating history, available in several formats, on her 8 website: http://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/ IBM: “I don’t think anyone needs VMs” (paraphrased) The Doubtful Decade. -
Command Line with Imagemagick
The Ultimate Guide to Linux for everyday people The Ultimate Linux Newbie Guide The official eBook from the website: www.linuxnewbieguide.org made with Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. About the Author 3. Chapter One 4. What is Linux 5. Chapter Two 6. Why Linux - What are the Benefits? 7. Chapter Three 8. Choosing a Linux Distribution 9. Chapter Four 10. Preparing to Install Linux 11. Chapter Five 12. Installing Linux (Ubuntu) 13. Chapter Six 14. How do I get software for Linux? 15. Chapter Seven 16. How do I install software? 17. Chapter Eight 18. Using Linux Every Day 19. Quick Tips 20. How to put a Linux ISO onto a USB stick and make it bootable on a Mac 21. How to mount a USB stick as a non-root user with write permission 22. Convert images at the command line with ImageMagick 23. What is X, XFree, XOrg or X Windows? 24. How to automatically make your Windows drives become available to Linux on startup. 25. How to read and write to Windows NTFS drives as any user 26. How to use a Mac to create a Linux Live USB Stick and Boot it 27. How to install Linux on a Macintosh computer 28. SysAdmin Tips 29. Command Line Interface 30. Files, Directories and the Linux Filing System 31. How to Mount Windows or Samba Shares Permanently 32. Disable logging in with the root account 33. Quick tip: Add a user to the sudoers group 34. Adding users to groups 35. How To Set Up SSH Keys 36. -
Pdf Thesis/ Writing
CyVerse Documentation Release 0.2.0 CyVerse Sep 16, 2020 Contents 1 Expected outcomes: 3 2 Funding and Citations 167 3 License 169 i ii CyVerse Documentation, Release 0.2.0 Learning Center Home Foundational Open Science Skills (FOSS) is a novel, camp-style training designed to prepare principal investigators and their lab teams, both new and established, to meet the growing expectations of funding agencies, publishers, and research institutions for scientific reproducibility and data accessibility. There are no pre-requisites for FOSS, but the course will cover a lot of material in a short time. Participants who have limited computational experience should try to view the Software Carpentry Core Lessons before attending. Contents 1 CyVerse Documentation, Release 0.2.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Expected outcomes: • Become familiar with productivity software for organizing your lab group, communications, and research • Learn how to scale out your computation from laptop to cloud and high performance computing (HPC) systems • Learn how to manage data for open science and reproducibility By working through an example project relevant to their interests, participants will practice open science skills using CyVerse, GitHub, R or Python, and other resources. At the end of the week, students will present a plan for how to integrate open science into their labs. Learning Center Home 1.1 Before FOSS Starts Please endeavor to complete the pre-FOSS setup before arriving at FOSS. FOSS runs under a Code of Conduct. Please familiarize yourself with it. Need help? Couldn’t find what you were looking for? • You can talk to any of the instructors or TAs if you need immediate help. -
Exploring 20 Years of Linux and Open Source on the Mainframe
Exploring 20 Years of Linux and Open Source on the Mainframe Elizabeth K. Joseph, IBM #ossummit @pleia2 Elizabeth K. Joseph • Debian and Ubuntu • OpenStack • Apache Mesos • ...and now mainframes? Yep! #ossna What is a mainframe? IBM System 360 (s/360), 1964 IBM z15, 2019 3 What is a mainframe? Depends on who you ask. Traditionally runs z/OS, but increasingly Linux too. Data, data, data. Batch processing! Enterprise-grade hardware and external storage. Virtualization? Solved! Networking? Solved! 4 What is a mainframe? 5 What is a mainframe? Not x86. (IBM Z | zArchitecture | s390x) 190 5.2 ghz processor units (PUs), with 12 cores per chip But also... • 40TB of RAM • 60 PCIe control units across 12 PCIe I/O drawers • 22 dedicated I/O offload processors (SAPs) pre-allocated per system • https://developer.ibm.com/blogs/systems-inside-the-new-ibm-z15/ 6 Storage - DS8900F The highest end model, the IBM DS8950F Model 996 has nearly 5.9 PB (5,898 TB) maximum physical capacity But also... 7 Modern mainframes run Linux! ...and they have for 20+ years 8 How it works with Linux There is always some kind of virtualization being used for Linux on Z. Using z/VM (or KVM!), one or more Linux installs can be put on a single Logical Partition (LPAR). Using Processor Resource and System Manager (PR/SM) a single Linux instance can be installed on a single LPAR. Image source: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-systemz/ 9 Once upon a time mainframes lacked time-sharing Papers discussing time-sharing were published as early as 1959. -
Understanding and Hardening Linux Containers June 29, 2016 – Version 1.1
NCC Group Whitepaper Understanding and Hardening Linux Containers June 29, 2016 – Version 1.1 Prepared by Aaron Grattafiori – Technical Director Abstract Operating System virtualization is an attractive feature for efficiency, speed and mod- ern application deployment, amid questionable security. Recent advancements of the Linux kernel have coalesced for simple yet powerful OS virtualization via Linux Containers, as implemented by LXC, Docker, and CoreOS Rkt among others. Recent container focused start-ups such as Docker have helped push containers into the limelight. Linux containers offer native OS virtualization, segmented by kernel names- paces, limited through process cgroups and restricted through reduced root capa- bilities, Mandatory Access Control and user namespaces. This paper discusses these container features, as well as exploring various security mechanisms. Also included is an examination of attack surfaces, threats, and related hardening features in order to properly evaluate container security. Finally, this paper contrasts different container defaults and enumerates strong security recommendations to counter deployment weaknesses– helping support and explain methods for building high-security Linux containers. Are Linux containers the future or merely a fad or fantasy? This paper attempts to answer that question. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................ 5 1.1 Motivation ........................................................................... 6 -
IBM Delivers IBM Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM Z and Linuxone 1.0 to Run Red Hat Enterprise Linux on IBM Z and IBM Linuxone Servers
IBM United States Software Announcement 220-370, dated September 15, 2020 IBM delivers IBM Red Hat Enterprise Linux for IBM Z and LinuxONE 1.0 to run Red Hat Enterprise Linux on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE servers Table of contents 1 Overview 4 Technical information 2 Key requirements 5 Ordering information 2 Planned availability date 7 Terms and conditions 3 Program number 7 Prices 4 Publications 7 Order now At a glance Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) for IBM Z and LinuxONE can now be ordered through the Entitled Software (ESW) configurator using Shopz to run RHEL Linux on IBM Z and LinuxONE. The Linux operating system benefits from the mainframe's capabilities and strengths, including: • Exceptional data security • Availability • Performance • Cost savings and efficiency RHEL is an open source operating system, subject to the terms set forth by Red Hat, that provides a foundation to scale existing applications and deploy emerging technologies. RHEL has been tested and certified by IBM on IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE servers. Overview IBM(R) and Red Hat(R) have a long history of partnering to deliver enterprise-grade Linux(R) computing on the IBM Z(R) platform. One of the first mainframe ports of Linux, Think Blue Linux, was based on Red Hat Linux 6.1. Over the past 20 years, this partnership has grown and has resulted in RHEL being an attractive operating system on IBM Z and LinuxONE. The combination of IBM Z and RHEL brings Linux applications to the mainframe and supports efficient management across Linux workloads. Many workloads that run on RHEL for IBM Z and LinuxONE can be deployed to drive high levels of consolidation. -
Open Source & IBM
Open Source & IBM Z — Elizabeth K. Joseph [email protected] November 15, 2019 Elizabeth K. Joseph Developer Advocate, IBM Z Debian / Ubuntu OpenStack Apache Mesos Linux on Z 2 What is a mainframe? Depends on who you ask. Traditionally runs z/OS, but increasingly Linux too. Data, data, data. Batch processing! Enterprise-grade hardware and storage. 3 What is a mainframe? 4 SHARE "a volunteer-run user group for IBM mainframe computers that was founded in 1955 by Los Angeles- area users of the IBM 701 computer system" via https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHARE_(computing) Source: Building IBM, by Emerson Pugh 5 Once upon a time mainframes lacked time-sharing Papers discussing time-sharing were published as early as 1959, but Compatible Time- Sharing System (CTSS) was first demoed by MIT on an IBM 709 in 1961. 6 Several iterations later… VM/370, in 1972 Want to know about all those iterations? Melinda Varian has published a fascinating history, available in several formats, on her 7 website: http://www.leeandmelindavarian.com/Melinda/ Through the 80s and 90s Community thrived, along with the In 1994 experimental TCP/IP support technology and support from IBM. was added to VM, adding a key component to supporting Linux 5 years later. 8 Linux Origins: Bigfoot Developed by Linas Vepstas in 1998-1999 as a community effort. “the Bigfoot (i370) port was started first, but is currently stagnant for essentially political, social, and market reasons.” Source: Linas Vepsta’s site on Linux on s390 https://linas.org/linux/i370.html 9 Why did the community want it? “Why? Good question.