Avaliação Do Tempo De Trânsito Orocecal E Da Absorção De Lactose E D- Xilose Em Pacientes Chagásicos Constipados Ou Não E Com E Sem Megacólon

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Avaliação Do Tempo De Trânsito Orocecal E Da Absorção De Lactose E D- Xilose Em Pacientes Chagásicos Constipados Ou Não E Com E Sem Megacólon UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE FELIX ANDRE SANCHES PENHAVEL Avaliação do tempo de trânsito orocecal e da absorção de lactose e D- xilose em pacientes chagásicos constipados ou não e com e sem megacólon Goiânia 2014 ii FELIX ANDRE SANCHES PENHAVEL Avaliação do tempo de trânsito orocecal e da absorção de lactose e D-xilose em pacientes chagásicos constipados ou não e com e sem megacólon Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Goiás para obtenção do Título Doutor em Ciências da Saúde. Orientador: Ênio Chaves de Oliveira Goiânia 2014 ii Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Goiás BANCA EXAMINADORA DA TESE DE DOUTORADO FELIX ANDRE SANCHES PENHAVEL Orientador(a): Dr. Ênio Chaves de Oliveira Membros: 1. Onofre Alves Neto 2. Joffre Rezende Filho 3. Maria Alves Barbosa 4. Mauro Bafutto 5. Enio Chaves Oliveira Data: 15/12/14 iii DEDICATÓRIA Dedico este trabalho Aos meus pais Felix Sanches e Maria Vitória (In memorian), À minha esposa Maria Auxiliadora, Aos meus filhos Pedro Felix e Maria Vitória, Às minhas irmãs Dolores, Francisca, Maria Vitória e Maria José À professora Dra. Eleuse Machado de Brito Guimarães Aos amigos Dr. Luciano Alves Sardinha e Dra Delci Adriana Vieira iv AGRADECIMENTOS Ao professor Dr Ênio Chaves de Oliveira, orientador desta pesquisa, destacado agradecimento pela confiança, incentivo e oportunidade que me foi concedida. Ao professor Dr Claudemiro Quirezzi Júnior chefe do Serviço de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho digestivo pelo incentivo e compreensão nas etapas mais difíceis de realização deste estudo. Aos estimados professores e médicos do Serviço de Cirurgia Geral e Aparelho Digestivo e Técnica Operatória: Hélio Ponceano Trevenzol, Luiz Arantes Rezende, Renato Miranda de Melo, Fátima Mrué, Fernando Correa Amorin, Lúcio kenny Morais, Berivaldo Dias Ferreira, Luciana Morelli, Francisco Albino Rebouças, Carlos Neves, Ruver de Andrade Martins, Fernando Gonçalves de Lima, Walter de Biase Silva Neto, Matheus Castrillon Rassi, Edmond Raymond le Campion, que indiretamente contribuíram para que este trabalho pudesse ser concluído. Aos Chefes de Departamento professores Dr Antônio Fernando Carneiro e Dr Luiz Antônio Brasil pelo apoio e cooperação. A Dra Maria Conceição C.A.M Queiroz pelo auxílio imprescindível no recrutamento e execução de provas respiratórias do grupo controle. A professora Dra. Maria Auxiliadora Carmo Moreira, Pedro Felix Carmo Penhavel e Maria Vitória Carmo Penhavel que me auxiliaram em diferentes etapas da realização deste trabalho. Ao professor Alejandro Luquetti Ostermayer que permitiu e ofereceu condições técnicas para que esse estudo fosse realizado no Núcleo de Estudos de Doença de Chagas do HC/UFG. Ao professor José Garcia Neto, diretor geral do HC/UFG por permitir a execução desse estudo nas dependências do Hospital disponibilizando pessoal e exames necessários. v Ao professor Paulo César Brandão Veiga Jardim pelo incentivo e apoio quando do meu início no programa de pós graduação. Ao professor Gercino Monteiro Filho pela análise estatística dos dados. À professora Maria das Graças Ferreira pela revisão gramatical deste trabalho. À professora Nilva Maria Andrade de Sá por me disponibilizar trabalhos científicos de seu acervo pessoal. Ao professor Salustiano Gabriel Neto pelo auxilio na triagem e acompanhamento de pacientes dessa casuística. À técnica de enfermagem Adrielly Monteiro da Silva pela realização dos testes respiratórios dos pacientes. À secretária do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Valdecina Quirino Rodrigues. Aos integrantes das bancas de qualificação e defesa pela disponibilidade e por colaborarem para o aprimoramento deste trabalho. Ao Hospital das Clínicas e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Aos voluntários que aceitaram participar do grupo controle. Aos pacientes, em especial. vi SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................. 01 2 REVISÃO DA LITERATURA ...................................................................... 03 2.1 DOENÇA DE CHAGAS ............................................................................... 03 2.2 ENTEROPATIA CHAGÁSICA ..................................................................... 08 2.3 DENERVAÇÃO DO INTESTINO DELGADO E ABSORÇÃO DE CARBOIDRATOS ........................................................................................ 17 2.4 TESTES RESPIRATÓRIOS ........................................................................ 20 2.5 AVALIAÇÃO DO TEMPO DE TRÂNSITO OROCECAL (TTOC) ................. 25 2.6 TESTES RESPIRATÓRIOS E SUPERCRESCIMENTO BACTERIANO DO INTESTINO DELGADO (SBID) ... ................................................................ 30 2.7 MÁ ABSORÇÃO E INTOLERÂNCIA À LACTOSE ....................................... 34 2.7.1 Classificação .............................................................................................. 35 2.7.2 Diagnóstico de má absorção e intolerância de lactose ......................... 37 2.7.2.1 Métodos diretos ........................................................................................... 37 2.7.2.2 Métodos indiretos ........................................................................................ 39 2.7.2.3 Intolerância à lactose .................................................................................... 41 2.8 TESTE RESPIRATÓRIO COM D-XILOSE .................................................. 46 3 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................ 51 3.1 OBJETIVO GERAL ...................................................................................... 51 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ....................................................................... 51 4 CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO ........................................................................... 52 4.1 TIPO E LOCAL DE ESTUDO ...................................................................... 52 4.2 POPULAÇÃO .............................................................................................. 52 4.3 CRITÉRIOS DE INCLUSÃO PARA PACIENTES E CONTROLES ............. 52 4.4 CRITÉRIOS DE EXCLUSÃO ....................................................................... 53 4.5 VARIÁVEIS .................................................................................................. 53 4.6 COLETA DE DADOS .................................................................................... 54 4.7 TÉCNICAS E EQUIPAMENTOS ................................................................. 55 4.8 ASPECTOS ÉTICOS ................................................................................... 61 Sumário vii 4.9 ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA ............................................................................. 61 5 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................. 63 5.1 DADOS DEMOGRÁFICOS ......................................................................... 63 5.2 PROPEDÊUTICA CLÍNICA E COMPLEMENTAR ....................................... 65 5.3 TESTES RESPIRATÓRIOS ........................................................................ 67 5.3.1 Teste respiratório da lactulose ................................................................. 68 5.3.1.1 Produção de hidrogênio ............................................................................... 68 5.3.1.2 Tempo de trânsito orocecal (TTOC) ............................................................. 69 5.3.1.3 Supercrescimento bacteriano no intestino delgado ..................................... 72 5.3.2 Teste respiratório da lactose .................................................................... 75 5.3.3 Teste respiratório da D-xilose .................................................................. 82 6 DISCUSSÃO ............................................................................................... 85 6.1 CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A CASUÍSTICA .............................................. 85 6.2 CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE OS MÉTODOS .............................................. 87 6.2.1 Avaliação clínica ........................................................................................ 87 6.2.2 Teste respiratório da lactulose .................................................................. 88 6.2.2.1 Avaliação do tempo de trânsito orocecal ...................................................... 88 6.2.2.2 Avaliação do supercrescimento bacteriano no intestino delgado ................. 90 6.2.3 Teste respiratório da lactose .................................................................... 91 6.2.4 Teste da D-xilose para diagnóstico de má absorção intestinal ............. 93 6.3 CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE OS RESULTADOS ........................................ 94 6.3.1 Dados demográficos e clínicos ................................................................ 94 6.3.2 Resultados de testes respiratórios: produção de hidrogênio ............... 96 6.3.3 Resultados de testes respiratórios: Tempo de trânsito orocecal ......... 97 6.3.4 Resultados de testes respiratórios: Supercrescimento bacteriano no intestino delgado ..................................................................................... 101
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