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Az Elektronikus Zene Története Az elektronikus zene története Szigetvári Andrea Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Az elektronikus zene története Szigetvári Andrea Szerzői jog © 2013 Szigetvári Andres Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Tartalom Bevezetés ......................................................................................................................................... viii 1. A kezdetek ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Az elektromosság felfedezése. 18. századi elektrosztatikus hangszerek ............................... 1 2. Az elektromos áram. Az elektromos távközlés 19. századi vadhajtása: az első elektrofon hangszer ................................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 12 2. Az első szintetizátor, a Telharmonium ......................................................................................... 13 1. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 21 3. A futurista mozgalom ................................................................................................................... 22 1. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 32 4. Arnold Schönberg és Edgard Varèse ............................................................................................ 33 1. Arnold Schönberg: Klangfarbenmelodie ............................................................................. 33 2. Edgard Varèse: A hang felszabadítása ................................................................................ 34 3. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 38 5. A 20-as évek elektronikus hangszerei ........................................................................................... 40 1. Theremin ............................................................................................................................. 42 2. Ondes Martenot ................................................................................................................... 44 3. Trautonium .......................................................................................................................... 47 4. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 50 6. A konkrét zene .............................................................................................................................. 51 1. A hangrögzítés rövid története ............................................................................................ 51 2. A konkrét zene .................................................................................................................... 55 2.1. A konkrét zene kezdetei, első darabjai ................................................................... 55 2.2. A konkrét zene fogalma, szemlélete ....................................................................... 59 2.3. Schaeffer és Henry későbbi tevékenysége .............................................................. 60 3. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 63 7. A Kölni Stúdió és Karlheinz Stockhausen .................................................................................... 64 1. A WDR kölni stúdiója ......................................................................................................... 64 2. Karlheinz Stockhausen munkássága a kölni stúdióban ....................................................... 67 3. Ligeti György: Artikulation ................................................................................................ 71 4. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 72 8. Az amerikai és japán elektronikus zene kezdetei .......................................................................... 73 1. A Barron-stúdió ................................................................................................................... 73 2. Elektroakusztikus zene a Columbia és a Princeton Egyetemen .......................................... 76 3. Japán ................................................................................................................................... 79 4. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 80 9. Az európai elektroakusztikus zenei stúdiók kialakulása ............................................................... 82 1. A moduláris szintetizátorok kora ........................................................................................ 82 2. Olaszország ......................................................................................................................... 82 3. Lengyelország ..................................................................................................................... 84 4. Hollandia (Philips) és Németország (Siemens) ................................................................... 84 5. A BBC Radiophonic Workshop .......................................................................................... 86 6. Svédország .......................................................................................................................... 87 7. Magyarország ...................................................................................................................... 88 8. Ellenőrző kérdések: ............................................................................................................. 88 10. Független zeneszerzők. Cage, Xenakis, Lucier és Reich ............................................................ 90 1. John Cage ............................................................................................................................ 90 1.1. Cage: William's Mix (1952) ................................................................................... 92 2. Iannis Xenakis ..................................................................................................................... 92 2.1. Xenakis: Pithoprakta (1955–56) ............................................................................ 95 2.2. Xenakis: Diamorphoses (1957) .............................................................................. 95 2.3. Xenakis: Concrète PH (1958) ................................................................................ 95 2.4. Az UPIC ................................................................................................................. 95 3. Alvin Lucier ........................................................................................................................ 95 3.1. Lucier: I am Sitting in a Room (1955–56) .............................................................. 96 3.2. Lucier: Music On A Long Thin Wire (1977) ........................................................... 97 iii Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Az elektronikus zene története 4. Steve Reich ......................................................................................................................... 98 4.1. Reich: Come Out (1966) ......................................................................................... 99 4.2. Reich: Pendulum Music (1968) ............................................................................ 100 5. Ellenőrző kérdések: ........................................................................................................... 101 11. A számítógépes zene kezdetei .................................................................................................. 102 1. Az Illiac Suite .................................................................................................................... 102 2. Max Mathews és a közvetlen digitális szintézis: MUSIC N programnyelvek .................. 104 3. Jean-Claude Risset: A számítógéppel szintetizált hangok bevezető katalógusa ............... 105 4. Ellenőrző kérdések: ........................................................................................................... 111 12. Az első számítógépes zenei központok: CCRMA, IRCAM ..................................................... 112 1. CCRMA ............................................................................................................................ 112 2. IRCAM ............................................................................................................................. 117 3. Ellenőrző kérdések: ........................................................................................................... 122 13. A számítógép hatása az elektronikus zenei gyakorlatra I. – Digitális szintézistechnikák és kompozíciók ......................................................................................................................................................... 124 1. Szintézistechnikák ............................................................................................................
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