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The Government's Executions Policy During the Irish Civil
THE GOVERNMENT’S EXECUTIONS POLICY DURING THE IRISH CIVIL WAR 1922 – 1923 by Breen Timothy Murphy, B.A. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PH.D. DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT: Professor Marian Lyons Supervisor of Research: Dr. Ian Speller October 2010 i DEDICATION To my Grandparents, John and Teresa Blake. ii CONTENTS Page No. Title page i Dedication ii Contents iii Acknowledgements iv List of Abbreviations vi Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The ‗greatest calamity that could befall a country‘ 23 Chapter 2: Emergency Powers: The 1922 Public Safety Resolution 62 Chapter 3: A ‗Damned Englishman‘: The execution of Erskine Childers 95 Chapter 4: ‗Terror Meets Terror‘: Assassination and Executions 126 Chapter 5: ‗executions in every County‘: The decentralisation of public safety 163 Chapter 6: ‗The serious situation which the Executions have created‘ 202 Chapter 7: ‗Extraordinary Graveyard Scenes‘: The 1924 reinterments 244 Conclusion 278 Appendices 299 Bibliography 323 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my most sincere thanks to many people who provided much needed encouragement during the writing of this thesis, and to those who helped me in my research and in the preparation of this study. In particular, I am indebted to my supervisor Dr. Ian Speller who guided me and made many welcome suggestions which led to a better presentation and a more disciplined approach. I would also like to offer my appreciation to Professor R. V. Comerford, former Head of the History Department at NUI Maynooth, for providing essential advice and direction. Furthermore, I would like to thank Professor Colm Lennon, Professor Jacqueline Hill and Professor Marian Lyons, Head of the History Department at NUI Maynooth, for offering their time and help. -
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Published by: The Irish Times Limited (Irish Times Books) © The Irish Times 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of The Irish Times Limited, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographic rights organisation or as expressly permitted by law. Contents Introduction: ............................................................................................................................... 4 Beyond heroes and villains ........................................................................................................ 4 Contributors to Stories from the Revolution .............................................................................. 6 ‘Should the worst befall me . .’ ................................................................................................ 7 ‘A tigress in kitten’s fur’ .......................................................................................................... 10 Family of divided loyalties that was reunited in grief ............................................................. 13 Excluded by history ................................................................................................................. 16 One bloody day in the War of Independence ........................................................................... 19 Millionaire helped finance War of Independence ................................................................... -
Papers of the Kevin Barry Memorial Committee P278 Descriptive
Papers of the Kevin Barry Memorial Committee P278 Descriptive Catalogue UCD Archives archives @ucd.ie www.ucd.ie/archives T + 353 1 716 7555 © 2014 University College Dublin. All rights reserved ii CONTENTS CONTEXT Biographical History iv Archival History v CONTENT AND STRUCTURE Scope and content v System of arrangement vii CONDITIONS OF ACCESS AND USE Access viii Language viii Finding Aid viii DESCRIPTION CONTROL Archivist’s Note viii ALLIED MATERIALS Allied Collections in UCD Archives viii iii CONTEXT Administrative History Kevin Barry (20 January 1902–1 November 1920) was a medical student at University College Dublin and a member of the 'H' Company of the Irish Volunteers. He was arrested by the British Army during the war of independence for his part in an ambush on a British Army vehicle which resulted in the deaths of three British officers. He was subsequently charged with murder for his part in the ambush and was executed by hanging on 1 November 1920 at eighteen years of age. Shortly after his death, the Student’s Representative Council of University College Dublin agreed that a memorial should be erected in his honor, funded by students and graduates of the university. A committee was formed to appeal to graduates of University College Dublin for funds to create the memorial. Through the collection of subscriptions and the sale of mortuary cards, the Kevin Barry Memorial Fund gathered the sum of £100 to pay for the project. Following this initial period, there was a lull in activities and the money already collected rested with the trustees of the fund. -
Irish-Soviet Diplomatic and Friendship Relations, 1919-80
Irish-Soviet diplomatic and friendship relations, 1919-80 by Michael Joseph Quinn THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF PhD DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH Head of Department: Professor Marian Lyons SUPERVISOR OF RESEARCH: Professor Jacqueline Hill January 2014 i Table of contents Abstract iii Declaration iv Acknowledgments v List of abbreviations vi Introduction 1 Chapter one: Irish-Soviet diplomatic affairs, 1919-72 15 Chapter two: The establishment and practice of Irish-Soviet diplomatic relations, 1971-80 60 Chapter three: An account of Irish-Soviet friendship organisations, with a principal focus on the Ireland-U.S.S.R. Society, founded in 1966 122 Chapter four: Ambassador Brennan’s island of Ireland political reports 177 from Moscow to the Department of Foreign Affairs, Dublin, 1974-80 Chapter five: Irish-Soviet relations in the context of European Political Cooperation, 1974-80 226 Conclusion 270 Appendix 1: A register of Ambassador Brennan’s political reports 282 (P.R.s) from Moscow to the Department of Foreign Affairs, Dublin, 1974-80 Appendix 2: A register of the records of Irish involvement in the Eastern Europe Working Group (E.E.W.G.), 1974-80. 312 Bibliography 326 ii Abstract This thesis offers a contribution to Irish historiography with a study of Ireland’s diplomatic and friendship relations with the Soviet Union in the ‘short Soviet twentieth- century’. To date no such study has been produced. The study has as its central focus developments surrounding the establishment of formal diplomatic relations between the two states in 1973, and considers aspects of how those relations evolved down to 1980. -
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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Cork Open Research Archive Title Explorations in a meaning making system: Kerry as an entrepreneurial platform and the equine sector as a cluster Author(s) Mangan, Daniel M. Publication date 2013 Original citation Mangan, D.M. 2013. Explorations in a meaning making system: Kerry as an entrepreneurial platform and the equine sector as a cluster. DBA Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2013. Daniel M. Mangan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Embargo information No embargo required Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1139 from Downloaded on 2017-02-12T12:57:18Z Explorations in a Meaning Making System: Kerry as an Entrepreneurial Platform and the Equine Sector as a Cluster by Donal Mangan, B.E., B.Eng, Chartered Engineer, MBA A Portfolio of Exploration submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the examination for the DBA (Business Economics) Degree of the National University of Ireland – University College Cork. School of Economics, UCC Head of School: Professor Connell Fanning Research Supervisors: Dr. Eleanor Doyle and Prof. Connell Fanning April 2013 Contents List of Figures iii List of Tables iii Acknowledgments iv Abstract iv INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1. Portfolio Motivations and Approach ..................................................................... 1 2. Structure of the Portfolio -
Killing and Bloody Sunday, November 1920
The Historical Journal, 49, 3 (2006), pp. 789–810 f 2006 Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0018246X06005516 Printed in the United Kingdom KILLING AND BLOODY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER1920 ANNE DOLAN Trinity College, Dublin ABSTRACT. 21 November 1920 began with the killing of fourteen men in their flats, boarding houses, and hotel rooms in Dublin. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) alleged that they were British spies. That afternoon British forces retaliated by firing on a crowd of supporters at a Gaelic football match in Croke Park, killing twelve and injuring sixty. The day quickly became known as Bloody Sunday. Much has been made of the afternoon’s events. The shootings in Croke Park have acquired legendary status. Concern with the morning’s killing has been largely limited to whether or not the dead men were the spies the IRA said they were. There has been little or no consideration of the men who did the killing. This article is based on largely unused interviews and statements made by the IRA men involved in this and many of the other days that came to constitute the guerrilla war fought against the British forces in Ireland from January 1919 until July 1921. This morning’s killings are a chilling example of much of what passed for combat during this struggle. Bloody Sunday morning is used here as a means to explore how generally young and untrained IRA men killed and how this type of killing affected their lives. Lieutenant Frank Teeling shot a man on 27 March 1923. Admittedly, in the closing weeks of the Irish civil war this was not an unusual thing for a Free State soldier to do. -
Schools 1916 Pages
1916 AND YOU 1916 AND YOU Uncovering history: how you too can use the 1916 archives The story of our nation — and your family’s role in shaping Get your it — is just waiting to be discovered, writes Paul Melia white gloves HERE’s no shortage of records available on at the which outline the role that ordinary people played in the Easter 1916 Rising. new Military TThey include Ireland’s military archives, some 300,000 pension records and witness statements taken by the Bureau of Military Archives History, a special project which started in 1947 to capture the recollections of those involved. THE Military Archives will In all, statements were taken from 1,773 move to a new home as part witnesses. As a lot of veterans were alive when of the Government’s 2016 the project began, information on the identity Centenary Programme. of leaders, their family members and even the New archives are under British Army officers involved is available. construction at Cathal Brugha Here, we outline ten ways to find out more Barracks in Rathmines, about your family’s history: Dublin, and are expected to be completed by the end of Gather as much information as possible the year and opened to the 1 about the person you are researching. Their public in advance of the 1916 name, age and address are very important. You commemorations. should also try and sketch a family tree, as you The project includes a new might not have just one relative involved. Setting building for the storage of out all you know at the start can help focus your archival material, which search. -
The Politics of Economic Realignment, Ireland 1948-1964
THE POLITICS OF ECONOMIC REALIGNMENT, IRELAND 1948-1964 GARY MURPHY MA Dissertation submitted for the degree of Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor Eunan O’Halpin, Dublin City University Business School Dublin City University September 1996 I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Ph.D. is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: ID No.: 92701558 Date: < ? /< //9 £ Contents Page Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Abbreviations iv Introduction v Chapter One: Financial Ideology and The Political Economy of Ireland 1948-1953 1 Chapter Two: Changes in the Political Economy 1954-1963 55 Chapter Three: The Evolution of Trade Union Influence in the Economic Policy Process 1948-1964 120 Chapter Four: State-Farmer Relations 1948-1964 156 Chapter Five: Ireland and a Wider Europe: The EFTA Negotiations 1957-1961 199 Chapter Six: The Final Move Towards Economic Interdependence: The EEC negotiations 1961-1964 247 Conclusion 285 Note on primary sources 293 Notes 299 Bibliography 349 ABSTRACT The politics of economic realignment, Ireland 1948-1964 This dissertation analyses the transformation of Irish economic policy formulation from the formation of the first inter-party government in 1948 to the breakdown of Ireland’s application to join the EEC in 1963 and its immediate consequences. Based on extensive research in departmental files, and the personal papers of politicians and other policy players, and interviews with officials, businessmen and others who were active during the period, the study has a dual approach. -
Saothar 46 Book Reviews 2021
46 Book Reviews Irish Labour History Society 2021 An Cumann Stair Lucht Saothair na hÉireann The Irish Labour History Society Honorary Presidents Fergus A. D’Arcy Assistant Treasurer Séamus Moriarty Mary Clancy Trustees Patricia King Ken Hannigan Ruairi Quinn Gréagóir Ó Dúill Patrick Bolger Francis Devine Other Members of the Committee Emmet O’Connor Pat Carroll Theresa Moriarty Donal Denham Caitriona Crowe John Feely Barry Desmond Bill McCamley President Shay Cody Mary Muldowney Vice President Fionnuala Richardson Yvonne O’Callaghan Secretary Kevin Murphy D.R. O’Connor Lysaght Assistant Secretary Eddie Soye Mícheál Mac Donncha Treasurer Ed Penrose Betty Tyrell-Collard The Irish Labour History Society was founded in 1973 and has published Saothar since 1975. Membership is open to individuals, labour organisations, labour related organisations, academic institutions, libraries and archival bodies. The individual subscription rate is €30 and is payable on 1 January each year. For institutional rates, contact the secretary. Members receive a copy of Saothar for the year, together with news of events and activities. General correspondence should be addressed to Kevin Murphy, secretary, ILHS, Labour History Museum and Archives, Beggar’s Bush, Haddington Road, Dublin 4: Tel/fax (01) 668 1071; email [email protected] Other contacts International: [email protected], Labour History Museum & Archives, Beggrs Bush, Dublin Belfast: Seán Byers, [email protected] Cork: Donal Ó Drisceoil, Department of History, 2 Perrott Ave., University College Cork Derry: Emmet O’Connor, School of Art & Humanities, Ulster University, [email protected] Galway: John Cunningham, School of Humanities, NUI Galway London: Michael Mecham, St. Mary’s University, London. -
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Irish Independent I 21 November 2020 22 20|20 CENTENARY BI00DY SUNDAY ‘Most Irish families have a connection to the Civil War’ Barry Andrews’ grandfather Todd was proud of his republicanism, writes Kathy Donaghy hen Barry Andrews looks at the pho- tograph of his grandfather Todd Andrews, he finds it W difficult to imagine that the man in the picture is only 20, five years older than his eldest son is today. The picture was taken inside the Four Courts in 1922, the headquarters of the anti-Treaty forces, and Andrews is con- versing with fellow anti-Treaty IRA men Ernie O’Malley, Seán MacBride and Andy Cooney. All are young men. MacBride, who was assistant to O’Malley, the director of Todd Andrews organisation at the Four Courts, was still (extreme right) a teenager. conversing with While Barry Andrews, a scion of the fellow anti-Treaty Andrews political dynasty in Dublin, is IRA men Seán immensely proud of his grandfather, he MacBride, Andy wears the historical weight of his heritage Cooney and Ernie lightly. It has, however, been hugely influ- O’Malley inside the ential in his own life: he studied history Four Courts in 1922 and politics at University College Dublin and worked as a history teacher before Andrews revealed that he joined the Ranelagh Road to execute Lieutenant Wil- account of an ordinary childhood trans- following his father David Andrews, the Irish Volunteers while at university. His liam Noble, a British intelligence officer, formed by war and revolution. Together former foreign minister, into politics. first task was making bombs. -
Revolutionary Masculinities in the IRA, 1916-1923 Rebecca Mytton
Revolutionary Masculinities in the IRA, 1916-1923 Rebecca Mytton A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities Department of History January 2020 1 Abstract This thesis examines manly ideals and the experience of masculinity amongst members of the revolutionary Irish Republican Army from the Easter Rising of 1916 to the end of the Irish Civil War in 1923. Whilst the political convictions of these men and the detail of events they participated in have been researched widely, they have not been considered as gendered beings or as inhabitants of sexed bodies. The consistent ideal of martial manliness in the Irish Republican Army has been noted but insufficiently explored by historians, whilst the way that this ideal shaped individual men’s subjectivities, behaviours and experiences has been almost entirely overlooked. This thesis therefore constitutes the first attempt to examine the revolutionary experiences of the Volunteers as men. It firstly explores the consistent norms and ideals of martial manliness which were disseminated across Irish republican discourses, and then considers how those norms and ideals shaped the young revolutionaries’ conceptions, performances and depictions of their masculinity. Specifically, it examines the public presentation of manliness, the regulation and management of emotion, and the experience of brotherhood and male friendship. To do so, the thesis draws primarily on the ego documents – the letters, diaries, memoirs, and other retrospective accounts – of actively engaged Volunteers. These sources are read alongside contemporary public sources in order to ascertain how the pressure to live up to a particular model of military masculinity manifested in the actions, appearances and recollections of IRA soldiers. -
Sean O'mahony Papers
Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann National Library of Ireland Collection List No. 130 Sean O’Mahony Papers (MSS 44,025 - 44,310) (Accession No. 6,148) Papers collected by Sean O’Mahony relating to Irish history and various republican and nationalist movements (1689-2005) with an emphasis on the troubles in Northern Ireland and the contemporary Irish republican movement, 1969-2005. Compiled by Ciara Kerrigan, Assistant Keeper I and Harriet Wheelock, Archival Studentship, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS......................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................8 Sean O’Mahony .........................................................................................................8 The Irish Republican Movement ...............................................................................8 The papers..................................................................................................................9 Arrangement ............................................................................................................10 Assessment...............................................................................................................10 Bibliography ............................................................................................................11 PART ONE I. PRE-1916 REPUBLICANISM..............................................................................12