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BIOLOGICAL DNA SENSOR the Impact of Nucleic Acids on Diseases and Vaccinology BIOLOGICAL DNA SENSOR the Impact of Nucleic Acids on Diseases and Vaccinology BIOLOGICAL DNA SENSOR The Impact of Nucleic Acids on Diseases and Vaccinology BIOLOGICAL DNA SENSOR The Impact of Nucleic Acids on Diseases and Vaccinology KEN J. ISHII Vaccine Science Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Centre (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan and Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), Osaka, Japan CHOON KIT TANG Vaccine Science Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Centre (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively, visit the Science and Technology Books website at www.elsevierdirect. com/rights for further information. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-404732-7 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India www.adi-mps.com Printed and bound in United States of America 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Shizuo Akira Host Defense Laboratory, IFReC, Osaka University, Japan Moshe Arditi Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA Glen N. Barber Department of Cell Biology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA Andrew G. Bowie School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Michael P. Cancro Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Cevayir Coban Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Timothy R. Crother Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA Christophe J. Desmet Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Interdisciplinary Cluster of Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA) – Research Center and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium Katherine A. Fitzgerald Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA S. Gasser Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore S.W.S. Ho Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore xi xii List of Contributors Ken J. Ishii Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan; Vaccine Science Laboratory, Immunology Frontier Research Centre (IFReC), Osaka University, Japan Nao Jounai Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan Taro Kawai Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Kouji Kobiyama Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan C.X. Koo Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan A.R. Lam Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore N. Le Bert Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore Laurel L. Lenz Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA Ann Marshak-Rothstein Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Jan Naujoks Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Bastian Opitz Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Søren R. Paludan Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, University of Aarhus, The Bartholin Building, Aarhus C, Denmark Surya Pandey Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan List of Contributors xiii Vijay A.K. Rathinam Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Tatsuya Saitoh Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan Rebecca Schmidt Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA Y.J. Shen Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, Centre for Life Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore Kenichi Shimada Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, USA Fumihiko Takeshita Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan Choon Kit Tang Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation (NIBIO), Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Vaccine Science, IFReC, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Miyuki Tozuka Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA PREFACE Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the fundamental molecule that packs genetic instructions for the development of living organisms, has been dis- covered to hold yet another vital function for our biology – inflammation. The fact that DNA is an abundant commodity in our body and causes its immunogenic property is one that cannot be taken lightly. Now, we know that DNA induced inflammation is responsible for the pathogenicity of autoimmune and infectious diseases and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we have evidence that DNA induced inflammation is involved in the development of cancer. Therefore the awareness of the immunogenic nature of dsDNA has provided us with the opportunity to gain further insights into the workings of human diseases. DNA seemed to be an ironic choice as a trigger molecule for inflammation. After all, who would expect that self-products containing our genetic blueprint could turn against us and induce adverse inflammatory reactions upon detection by the immune system? However, on deeper reflection, it does make practi- cal sense to have nucleic acids as signaling entities that sound off the alarm to indicate impending danger to the body. Pathogens including viruses, bacteria and parasites, like human beings, have their genetic information stored in nucleic acids. Their invasion into the host system is likely to be associated with the introduction of their genetic materials and therefore it would be the most appropriate indication of pathogenic invasion. On the other hand,
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