DISASTERDISASTER PREPAREDNESSPREPAREDNESS

ININ ONLY MALAYSIAMALAYSIA ITW

By WAN FADILAH BT WAN JAMALUDIN Crisis and Disaster ManagementFOR Directorate National Security Division (NSD) Prime Minister’s Department DefiningDefining DisasterDisaster „ Incident that occurs in a sudden manner, complex in nature, resulting in the loss of lives, damages to property or the environment as well as affecting the daily activities of local community. ONLY

„ Such incident requires the handling of resources, equipment,ITW frequency and extensive manpower from various agencies as well as FOReffective coordination and the possibility of demanding complex actions over a long period of time. DefiningDefining LeadLead ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

„ Several agencies designated to be lead agency in specific disaster:

‰ Pandemic/ Endemic for human being (Ministry of Health) ‰ Pandemic/ Endemic for bird/animal (Ministry of Agriculture) ‰ Sea Disaster (Marine Department)ONLY ‰ Air Disaster (Dept. of Civil Aviation) ‰ Haze/ Open Burning (Dept. of Environment) ‰ Nuclear and Radiology ITW(Atomic Energy Licensing Board) ‰ Chemical (Chemistry Dept.) ‰ Search and Rescue Team (Multi Function) – Fire and Rescue Dept.,FOR Royal Malaysian Police, Malaysian Armed Forces, Special Malaysian Disaster Assistant and Rescue Team (SMART), Emergency Medical Team, Atomic Energy Licensing Board and Civil Defense Dept. LevelLevel ofof TheThe DisasterDisaster ManagementManagement andand ReliefRelief CommitteeCommittee

„ Policy and Strategic Planning

‰ The District Disaster Management and Relief Committee

‰ The State Disaster Management and Relief Committee

‰ The National Disaster Management and Relief Committee ONLY Federal Deputy Prime Minister State ITW Secretariat: State Secretary NSD District FORDistrict Officer OrganizationalOrganizational StructuresStructures

Federal Federal On- Disaster Management Operation Control scene and Relief Committee (Deputy Prime Minister) Post

Officer in • Search and Charge Rescue National Of Police • Health and Security Division District (OCPD) Medical Services State •Media State Disaster Management On-scene • Support Operation Control and Relief Committee ONLY Post • Security (State Secretary) Control Officer in •Welfare Charge • Warnings and State Of Police Alerts ITWNSD District (OCPD)

District District Disaster Management On-scene Operation Controls and Relief Committee Post (District Officer) FOR Officer in Charge District Of Police District (OCPD) NSD SubSub SystemSystem

Disaster Operating Control Center (DOCC) ONLY Search and Rescue On Scene Post ITW Security Control

Health and Medical Media Support FORWelfare OperationalOperational ApproachApproach

„ Bottom Up Approach

„ If the District has shortage of Manpower, Fund and Asset, the state level or federal level will assist and coordinateONLY

ITW

FOR PhasesPhases ofof DisasterDisaster ManagementManagement

Risk Management

2. Preparedness - Prediction and Early Warning System 1. Prevention -Awareness and Mitigation ONLY Protection DISASTER RecoveryITW 4. Recovery 3. Response - Analysis - Search and - Rehabilitation Rescue - Reconstruction FOR - Relief Impact Assessment - Medical

Crisis Management PhasePhase 1:1: PublicPublic AwarenessAwareness ProgramProgram

„ Publication of Public Awareness Guideline on Disaster (on review) „ 26 December is declaredONLY as National Disaster Awareness Day ITW

FOR PhasePhase 2:2: PreparednessPreparedness

„ Early Warning System „ Structural - Flood Mitigation Structure i.e. The Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) and National Disaster Relief Fund (NDRF) ONLY „ Policy, Guidelines and Standard Operating Procedures (S.O.P) „ Development ProgramITW by Town and Country Planning Dept. „ Capacity BuildingFOR „ Bilateral, Regional and International Cooperation EarlyEarly WarningWarning SystemSystem

„ Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) ‰ Tsunami Early Warning System ‰ Weather Forecasting ‰ Disaster Alert System (D.A.S)

„ Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) ‰ Telemetry System - Flood ForecastingONLY Models and Infobanjir

„ Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES) ‰ National Disaster Data andITW Information Management System (NADDI)

„ Department of EnvironmentFOR (DOE) ‰ Air Pollutant Index (API) - Haze MalaysianMalaysian TsunamiTsunami EarlyEarly WarningWarning SystemSystem

„ After the Asian Tsunami in Dec 2004 „ Developed by Malaysian Meteorological Dept. „ Three technologically advanced deep water buoys to be deployed at locations aroundONLY Malaysia. „ The first buoy was installed near Pulau Rondo, Sumatra on 30 December 2005 „ The second buoy installed at Peninjau Island on the South China Sea in earlyITW March 2006 „ The third buoy in the Sulu/ Sulawasi Sea by end of March 2006 FOR „ Dissemination System: Short Messaging System (SMS), mass media, telephone, fax and website DisasterDisaster AlertAlert SystemSystem (DAS)(DAS)

„ Enable government agency to perform mass broadcast of alert voice messages by making outbound calls to fixed line subscribers during disasters such as tsunami ONLY „ Quick broadcasting of clear, concise warning alert „ Customized alert message that suits to the recipients need ITW

FOR Deployment of the first tsunami buoy near the Andaman Sea off Rondo Island (latitude 6º north, longitude 95º east), Indonesia and Layang Layang Island and next will be at Kagayan near Philipine.

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ITW

FOR FloodFlood ForecastingForecasting andand WarningWarning SystemSystem

„ Developed by Malaysian Drainage and Irrigation Dept. „ Currently two flood forecasting models have been applied i.e the Linear Transfer Function Model (LTFM) at Pahang River and the Tank Model at Kelantan River ONLY „ The agencies involve in flood relief have use the information to decide when they should mobilize their staffs and equipmentsITW to the areas that are potentially hit „ Dissemination System: Warning siren, Short Messaging SystemFOR (SMS), telephone, fax and website http://infobanjir.water.gov.my ManualManual TelemetryTelemetry SystemSystem

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FOR RAIN TELEMETRY STATION ( 283 pcs ) RIVER LEVEL TELEMETRY STATION ( 224 pcs ) TELEMETRY SYSTEM - FOR FLOOD FORECASTING MODELS AND INFOBANJIR

SATELLITE

MASTER TERMINAL FRONT END PROCESSOR ONLY RTU CONNECTION TO WORK STATION BY LAN,WAN,INTERNET

LAND EARTH STATION NETWORK CONTROL CENTER

LAND LINE ITW

RAINFALL FOR WATER LEVEL RADIO LINK SMS TO MOBILE PHONE

SIRENS, WEB CAMERA

HYDROLOGICAL SENSORS RADIO REPEATER STATION WORK STATIONS TheThe NationalNational DisasterDisaster DataData andand InformationInformation ManagementManagement SystemSystem (NADDI)(NADDI)

„ Objective: to establish a central system for collecting, storing, processing, analyzing, and disseminating value- added data and information to support the relevant agencies in the mitigation and relief activities of disaster management in the country ONLY „ Emphasizes on the utilization of remote sensing technologies, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning SystemITW (GPS) technologies to provide up-to-date and reliable data to support the three components of disaster management, namely, (i) early warning,FOR (ii) detection and monitoring, and (iii) mitigation and relief for pre, during and post disaster management activities. INTEGRATED NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

MITIGATION & RELIEF

FOREST FIRE ONLY FLOOD LANDSLIDE OIL SPILL HOT INSTALLATION TSUNAMI ITW

FOR FloodFlood MitigationMitigation StructureStructure i.e.i.e. TheThe StormwaterStormwater ManagementManagement andand RoadRoad TunnelTunnel (SMART)(SMART)

„ Developed by Malaysian Drainage and Irrigation Department „ The Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel also known as ONLYSMART Project is being developed to alleviate flash flood problems in the city.ITW The 9.7 kilometers and 11.83 meters’ in diameter tunnel integrates both stormwaterFOR management and motorway in the same tunnel. ONLY

ITW

FOR SMART System

What is SMART?

„ SMART is an acronym for Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel, a project under the Federal Government initiated to ONLYalleviate the flooding problem in the city centre of .

„ The project is implementedITW through a joint venture pact between MMC Berhad and Gamuda Berhad with the Department of Irrigation And Drainage Malaysia and FORthe Malaysian Highway Authority as the executing government agencies. How Does SMART Helps?

„ Studies had indicated that the critical stretch of Sungai Klang between Sg Klang /Sg Ampang confluence and Sg Gombak/ Sg Klang confluence to be flood prone areas and the fact that the river is further constrained by the Bridge (near Masjid Jamek) which is low, has resulted in the surrounding areasONLY to experience flash floods.

„ The SMART system will be able to divert large volumes of flood water from enteringITW this critical stretch via a holding pond, bypass tunnel and storage reservoir. This will reduce the flood water level at the Jalan Tun Perak Bridge, preventing spillover.FOR Other benefits of SMART

„ The Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) project was incepted by the project proponent, namely MMC Berhad-Gamuda Berhad Joint Venture, primarily to mitigate the recurring floods in the city of Kuala Lumpur, the financial, business and commercial hub of ONLY Malaysia.

„ However, at the design stage of SMART, the dual purpose conceptITW was born from the ingenuity of the project proponents and the motorway tunnel was integrated into the system to relieveFOR traffic congestion at the main Southern Gateway to the city centre. The Motorway to Ease Congestion

„ The motorway tunnel will provide an alternative route for motorists from the Southern Gateway, i.e. KL-Seremban Highway, Federal Highway, Besraya and East-West Link entering and exiting the city centre. This will reduce traffic congestion at the Southern Gateway leading ONLYto the city centre. The travel time will be reduced significantly. ITW „ For example from the Jalan Istana Interchange- Kampung Pandan the expected travel time is a mere four minutesFOR compared to ten to fifteen minutes using the existing roads. Components

„ A 9.7km stormwater tunnel.

„ A 3km motorway tunnel (within the stormwater tunnel).

„ Ingress and Egress connections to the motorway tunnel linking KL- Seremban Highway.

„ Ingress and Egress connections linking the motorway tunnel to Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan Tun Razak. ONLY

„ A holding basin at Kampung Berembang (off Jalan Ampang). ITW „ A storage reservoir at Taman Desa (ex mining pond).

„ A twin-box culvert to release flood discharge from storage reservoir to Sungai Kerayong. FOR

„ An operation control centre complete with administration, supervision, river management and traffic management facilities for management, operation and maintenance of the SMART system. Stormwater Tunnel

„ Length : 9.7km „ Diameter : 11.7m „ Storage Capacity : 1,000,000 cubic meter „ Tunneling Method : TunnelONLY Boring Machine (TBM) „ Origin of Tunneling Technology :ITW Germany TBM „ Type : Slurry Shield FOR Largest in South East Asia & 2nd Largest in Asia Motorway Tunnel

„ Length : 3 km „ Structure type : Double Decker „ Ingress and Egress Connections' ONLY Length :1.5km at Jalan Sultan Ismail. 1.4kmITW at Jalan Tun Razak. 1.6km at KL-Seremban Highway. „ LinksFOR : Connects city centre near Kampung Pandan roundabout to KL-Seremban Highway near Sungai Besi. Storage Reservoir

„ Location : Ex-mining pond in Taman Desa

ONLY „ Surface Area : 22 ha ( 216 594 sq m) ITW „ Storage Capacity : 1,400,000 cubic metres FOR Holding Basin

„ Location : Kampung Berembang (behind Gleneagles HospitalONLY in Jalan Ampang) „ Surface Area : 10 ha (104 008sq m) „ Storage CapacityITW : 600,000 cubic metres

FOR Special Feature

„ The unique feature of this project is the 3km double-deck motorway within the stormwater tunnel. ONLY „ The operation of the SMART system works on the three- principle mode of operationITW based on the flood discharge at the / Ampang River confluence and theFOR operation status of the motorway. „ The first mode, under normal condition where there is no storm or low rainfall, no flood water will be diverted into the system.

„ Under the second mode, SMART system will be activated and this happens when there is moderate storm. ONLY

„ When the secondITW mode is activated, flood water is diverted into the bypass tunnel in the lower channelFOR of the motorway tunnel and it is important to note, that, up to this stage, the motorway section is still open to traffic. „ At the third mode of operation the motorway will be closed to traffic. With extensive and effective monitoring stations, when the third mode of operation is needed, the motorway will be closed to traffic.

„ Sufficient time will be allocatedONLY to allow the last vehicle to exit the motorway before the automated water-tightITW gates are opened to allow flood water to pass through. The motorway will be reopened to traffic within 48 hours after theFOR closure. Tunnel Safety

„ Ventilation/ escape shafts at 1km intervals: these powerful air ventilators will constantly renew the air and maintain the air quality within the motorway.

„ To protect the ventilation system during the flooding, the systems consist of a series of shafts each containing an exhaust and fresh air injector. ONLY „ This design enables the fans to be situated outside the SMART tunnel to create a longitudinal flow in the tunnel between the shafts that permits the air in the tunnel to be continuously renewed and to enable extraction of the exhaustITW fume s. The feature also allows for smoke control in the event of a fire.

„ Equipped with fire fighting, telecommunication and surveillance equipment at 1 kmFOR interval. NationalNational DisasterDisaster ReliefRelief FundFund (NDRF)(NDRF)

„ Annual allocation from the Government „ Public Contribution „ Operating Expenditure fromONLY various agencies for recovery and reconstruction ITW

FOR „ The NDRF shall be disbursed in the following situations:

‰ Relief for losses and damage suffered by disaster victims, such as flood, typhoon and other types of disaster; ONLY ‰ Relief to welfare organizations which its aims and objectives are to lessen the burden and sufferings of disaster victims,ITW such as flood, typhoon and other types of disaster; and FOR ‰ Relief to state governments and other institutions which involve in disaster management. StandardStandard OperatingOperating ProceduresProcedures (S.O.P)(S.O.P)

„ Standard Operating Procedures (S.O.P.) on preparation, prevention, response, recovery and rehabilitation „ Three major S.O.P. ‰ S.O.P. for Flood (Chapter 1),ONLY ‰ S.O.P. for Industrial Disasters (Chapter 2), and ‰ S.O.P. for Forest Fire/Open Burning and Haze (Chapter 3). ITW „ National Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Combat „ S.O.P. for Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters (after 26 DecemberFOR 2004) – in progress „ S.O.P. on Pandemic/ Endemic Preparedness Plans – on revision DevelopmentDevelopment ProgramProgram byby TownTown andand CountryCountry PlanningPlanning Dept.Dept.

„ Applying the Building Code for Seismic Risk on High Rise Buildings for local planning at Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah „ Applying Other Relevant Code and Guideline With Regard to DevelopmentONLY ‰ Urban Stormwater Management Manual (MASMA) Guideline ITW ‰ Dept. of Environment – permissible density and cutting slope for development ‰ Guideline onFOR Development within gas pipeline ‰ Permissible Height for Building Around Airport Bilateral,Bilateral, RegionalRegional andand InternationalInternational CooperationCooperation

„ Bilateral

‰ MoU with Thailand

‰ MoU with Indonesia (Disaster Cooperation and Assistance) ONLY

‰ MoU with France (Disaster Cooperation and Assistance) ITW ‰ Singapore Civil Defense Force (SCDF) (Bilateral networking/ Cooperation and Assistance)FOR Bilateral,Bilateral, RegionalRegional andand InternationalInternational CooperationCooperation

„ Regional Membership

‰ ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) (Regional Cooperation and Assistance)

‰ ASEAN Regional ForumONLY (ARF) (Confidence Building) ‰ Asian Disaster ITWReduction Centre (ADRC) (Information Sharing)

‰ Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) (EducationalFOR and Training Cooperation) Bilateral,Bilateral, RegionalRegional andand InternationalInternational CooperationCooperation

„ International Membership ‰ FEMA – (USA) (International Networking) ‰ United Nations – International Search and Rescue Advisory GroupsONLY (UN – INSARAG) (Humanitarian Assistance Networking) ‰ Typhoon Committee (Mitigation, Coordination and Early WarningITW Cooperation) ‰ Participating in UN-ISDR (United Nations – InternationalFOR strategy for Disaster Reduction). ‰ Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) – World Meteorological Organization PhasePhase 3:3: ResponseResponse andand ReliefRelief

„ Search and Rescue „ Health and Medical – i.e. Emergency Medical Services and Malaysian Armed Forces „ Welfare/ Evacuation Centre – i.e. Welfare Dept. ONLY „ Support – i.e. District Office, Municipal/Town Council, MalaysianITW Telecommunication Ltd. „ Media – i.e. Information Dept. and BroadcastingFOR Dept. „ Security Control – Royal Malaysian Police RoleRole ofof NonNon GovernmentGovernment OrganizationOrganization (NGOs)(NGOs)

„ To provide assistance in disaster mitigation, response, recovery, rehabilitation and construction;

‰ Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) – medical assistance and rehabilitation ONLY ‰ MERCY – medical assistance and rehabilitation

‰ Haluan Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction ‰ Global Peace MalaysiaITW – medical assistance and rehabilitation

‰ Global Sikh Malaysia – health assistance and rehabilitation

‰ AMAN MalaysiaFOR – rehabilitation and reconstruction

‰ St. John Ambulance – medical assistance

‰ Force of Nature – fund ProgressProgress andand SituationsSituations ofof thethe HyogoHyogo FrameworkFramework forfor ActionAction (HFA)(HFA)

„ HFA has been documented in UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) at Hyogo Japan on January 2005. „ Asian Conference on DisasterONLY Reduction had been held in Beijing, China on September 2005 to facilitate the implementation of HFA among Asian regions. ITW „ HFA had been adopted by Malaysia during the National DisasterFOR and Relief Management Committee Meeting chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister on November 2005. ProgressProgress andand SituationsSituations ofof thethe HyogoHyogo FrameworkFramework forfor ActionAction (HFA)(HFA)

„ Malaysia is still in the phase of restructuring and reorganizing the disaster management system to fit in the HFA. ONLY „ Malaysia is also in the phase of enhancing the coordination of responsibility between the government bodiesITW in terms of disaster management system. FOR SearchSearch andand RescueRescue inin Aceh,Aceh, IndonesiaIndonesia

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ITW

FOR SearchSearch andand RescueRescue inin PakistanPakistan

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ITW

FOR SearchSearch andand RescueRescue inin Leyte,Leyte, PhilippinesPhilippines

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ITW

FOR EmergencyEmergency MedicalMedical ServiceService (EMS)(EMS)

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ITW

FOR Welfare/Welfare/ EvacuationEvacuation

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ITW

FOR PermanentPermanent HousesHouses

THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERMANENT HOUSES IN KOTA KUALA MUDA, KEDAH AFTER TSUNAMI 2004

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ITW

FOR PermanentPermanent HousesHouses

ONLY

ITW

FOR RepairRepair WorksWorks Repair works at the affected area (Location: Seberang Perai Utara & Daerah Barat Daya, Penang) BEFORE AFTER

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ITW

FOR TransitionalTransitional HousesHouses Transitional Houses (Location: Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah & Daerah Timur Laut, Penang)

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FOR THANK YOU ONLY

ITW

Website : www.bkn.gov.my http://smarttunnel.com.my/FOR Email : [email protected]