Cannabis Pathogens XI: Septoria Spp
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Marijuana Myths and Facts: the Truth Behind 10 Popular Misperceptions
MARIJUANA myths & FACTS The Truth Behind 10 Popular Misperceptions OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY MARIJUANA myths & FACTS The Truth Behind 10 Popular Misperceptions OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.............................................................................. 1 Myth #1: Marijuana is harmless .......................................... 3 Myth #2: Marijuana is not addictive ................................... 7 Myth #3: Marijuana is not as harmful to your health as tobacco............................................................. 9 Myth #4: Marijuana makes you mellow............................. 10 Myth #5: Marijuana is used to treat cancer and other diseases...................................................... 11 Myth #6: Marijuana is not as popular as MDMA (Ecstasy) or other drugs among teens today...................... 13 Myth #7: If I buy marijuana, I’m not hurting anyone else......................................................... 14 Myth #8: My kids won’t be exposed to marijuana ............. 17 Myth #9: There’s not much parents can do to stop their kids from experimenting with marijuana ........... 19 Myth #10: The government sends otherwise innocent people to prison for casual marijuana use......... 21 Conclusion .............................................................................. 23 Glossary.................................................................................. 25 References .............................................................................. -
Big Marijuana Claims Vs. the Science
Big Marijuana Claims Vs. The Science Big Marijuana Claims Scientific Facts Legalization is about one thing: making a small number of business people rich. If it were about ending the War on Drugs, recent law changes would be limited to decriminalization. Rather, a host of business interests are getting involved with the legal marijuana trade in Colorado and elsewhere. Legalization is about getting rid of They have set up private equity the “War on Drugs” firms and fundraising organizations to attract investors and promote items such as marijuana food items, oils, and other products.We also know these industries target the poor and disenfranchised[i] – and we can expect the marijuana industry to do the same in order to increase profits. Science has proven – and all major scientific and medical organizations agree – that marijuana is both addictive and harmful to the human brain, Marijuana is not addictive. especially when used as an adolescent. One in every six 16 year-olds (and one in every eleven adults) who try marijuana will become addicted to it.[ii] To your brain, addiction is addiction. Different addictions have different symptoms, but whether its food, sex, marijuana, or heroin – your brain knows it wants more of that feeling of pleasure. Marijuana MIGHT be Just as with alcohol and tobacco, psychologically addictive, but its most chronic marijuana users who addiction doesn’t produce physical attempt to stop “cold turkey” will symptoms. experience an array of withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, restlessness, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and/or cravings.[iii] This signals that marijuana can be addictive. Science has shown that 1 in 6 kids who ever try marijuana, according to the National Institutes of Health, will become addicted to the drug. -
SR-112 Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management
University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Agricultural Experiment Station SR-112 Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management October 10 –11, 2019 Agricultural Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center | Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory | Division of Regulatory Services | Research and Education Center Experiment Station Robinson Forest | Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability | University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center | Equine Programs emp (Cannabis sativa with <0.3% THC content) is grown for fiber, grain, and cannabinoid extraction in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Until recently, HCannabis sativa has been classified as a Schedule 1 controlled substance in the US. The Agricultural Act of 2014 (Farm Bill) allowed for reintroduction of industrial hemp under a pilot research program. Acreage increases and addition of state legislation resulted in over 78,000 acres of hemp grown in 23 states by the end of 2018. Hemp became a legal commodity under the 2018 Farm Bill, and by the end of 2019, over 500,000 licensed acres were documented across 45 states. Canada re-introduced the crop in 1998, and in 2018, almost 78,000 acres of hemp were licensed and planted. With this increase in acreage and the lack of modern scientific data, university and government agricultural specialists began to work on various components of production and a range of realized challenges. This new information, however, had either not been shared or was not readily accessible to the scientific community, especially early results and nonpublished data. The first annual meeting of the Science of Hemp: Production and Pest Management was held on October 10-11, 2019 at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, KY. -
Mycosphaerella Musae and Cercospora "Non-Virulentum" from Sigatoka Leaf Spots Are Identical
banan e Mycosphaerella musae and Cercospora "Non-Virulentum" from Sigatoka Leaf Spots Are Identical R .H . STOVE R ee e s•e•• seeese•eeeeesee e Tela Railroad C ° Mycosphaerella musae Comparaison des Mycosphaerella musa e La Lima, Cortè s and Cercospora souches de Mycosphae- y Cercospora "no Hondura s "Non-Virulentum " relia musae et de Cerco- virulenta" de Sigatoka from Sigatoka Leaf Spots spora "non virulent" son identical' Are Identical. isolées sur des nécroses de Sigatoka. ABSTRACT RÉSUM É RESUME N Cercospora "non virulentum" , Des souches de Cercospora Cercospora "no virulenta" , commonly isolated from th e "non virulentes", isolée s comunmente aislada de early streak stage of Sigatok a habituellement lorsque les estadios tempranos de Sigatoka leaf spots caused b y premières nécroses de Sigatoka , causada por Mycosphaerella Mycosphaerella musicola and dues à Mycosphaerella musicola musicola y M. fijiensis, e s M. fijiensis, is identical to et M . fijiensis, apparaissent su r identica a M. musae. Ambas M. musae . Both produce th e les feuilles, sont identiques à producen el mismo conidi o same verruculose Cercospora- celles de M. musae. Les deux entre 4 a 5 dias en agar. like conidia within 4 to 5 day s souches produisent les mêmes No se produjeron conidios on plain agar. No conidia ar e conidies verruqueuses aprè s en las hojas . Descarga s produced on banana leaves . 4 à 5 jours de culture sur de de ascosporas de M. musae Discharge of M. musa e lagar pur . Aucune conidic son mas abundantes en hoja s ascospores from massed lea f nest produite sur les feuilles infectadas con M . -
Phylogenetic Analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal DNA
Ecology and Population Biology Phylogenetic Analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal DNA Stephen B. Goodwin, Larry D. Dunkle, and Victoria L. Zismann Crop Production and Pest Control Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 1155 Lilly Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. Current address of V. L. Zismann: The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850. Accepted for publication 26 March 2001. ABSTRACT Goodwin, S. B., Dunkle, L. D., and Zismann, V. L. 2001. Phylogenetic main Cercospora cluster. Only species within the Cercospora cluster analysis of Cercospora and Mycosphaerella based on the internal produced the toxin cercosporin, suggesting that the ability to produce this transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. Phytopathology 91:648- compound had a single evolutionary origin. Intraspecific variation for 658. 25 taxa in the Mycosphaerella clade averaged 1.7 nucleotides (nts) in the ITS region. Thus, isolates with ITS sequences that differ by two or more Most of the 3,000 named species in the genus Cercospora have no nucleotides may be distinct species. ITS sequences of groups I and II of known sexual stage, although a Mycosphaerella teleomorph has been the gray leaf spot pathogen Cercospora zeae-maydis differed by 7 nts and identified for a few. Mycosphaerella is an extremely large and important clearly represent different species. There were 6.5 nt differences on genus of plant pathogens, with more than 1,800 named species and at average between the ITS sequences of the sorghum pathogen Cercospora least 43 associated anamorph genera. -
Cannabis Sativa) Phytotoxicity, Biomass, and Seed Yield Brett A
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Graduate School Fall 2016 Effects of Herbicides on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) Phytotoxicity, Biomass, and Seed Yield Brett A. Maxwell Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Biochemistry Commons Recommended Citation Maxwell, Brett A., "Effects of Herbicides on Industrial Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) Phytotoxicity, Biomass, and Seed Yield" (2016). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 1742. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1742 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES ON INDUSTRIAL HEMP (Cannabis sativa) PHYTOTOXICITY, BIOMASS, AND SEED YIELD A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Agriculture Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Brett Anthony Maxwell December 2016 i I dedicate this thesis to my parents, Scott and Wendy Maxwell. I would not be where or who I am today without your constant love and support. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my professors Dr. Todd Willian, Dr. Paul Woosley, and Dr. Becky Gilfillen for their constant support throughout this entire endeavor. I would also like to thank Dr. David Williams, Rich Mundell, and Leah Black for their help and cooperation in this project. I would like to thank the University of Kentucky for allowing us to use their land for this project. -
Foliar Diseases of Hydrangeas
Foliar Diseases of Hydrangeas Dr. Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Md Niamul Kabir and Adam Blalock Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center ANR-PATH-5-2016 College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences Tennessee State University Hydrangeas are summer-flowering shrubs and are one of the showiest and most spectacular flowering woody plants in the landscape (Fig. 1). The appearance, health, and market value of hydrangea can be significantly influenced by the impact of different diseases. This publication focuses on common foliar diseases of hydrangea and their management recommendations. Powdery Mildew Fig 1. Hydrangea cv. Munchkin Causal agents: Golovinomyces orontii (formerly Erysiphe polygoni), Erysiphe poeltii, Microsphaera friesii, Oidium hortensiae Class: Leotiomycetes Powdery mildew pathogens have a very broad host range including hydrangeas. Some hydrangea species such as the bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) are more susceptible to this disease while other species such as the oakleaf hydrangea (H. quercifolia), appear to be more resistant. In an outdoor environment, powdery mildew pathogens generally overwinter in the form of spores or fungal hyphae. In a heated greenhouse setting, powdery mildew can be active Fig 2. Powdery mildew year round. Spores and hyphae begin to grow when humidity is high but the leaf surface is dry. Warm days and cool nights also favor powdery mildew growth. The first sign of the disease is small fuzzy gray circles or patches on the upper surface of the leaf (Figs. 2 and 3). Inspecting these circular patches of fuzzy gray growth with a hand lens will reveal an intricate web of fungal hyphae. Sometimes small dark dots or structures can be seen within the web of fungal hyphae. -
Medical Marijuana: Clinical Concepts Jennifer Kapur, Pharm.D
11/3/2015 MEDICAL MARIJUANA: CLINICAL CONCEPTS JENNIFER KAPUR, PHARM.D. NOVEMBER 21, 2015 OBJECTIVES Compare and contrast federal law and state laws regarding marijuana List different dosage forms of medical marijuana Discuss the pharmacologic effects of marijuana Describe the risks and benefits of medical marijuana use Summarize the role of the pharmacist in the care of patients using medical marijuana CASE: MARILYN 68yo female with breast cancer metastatic to the lungs and thoracic and lumbar spine Meds: Doxorubicin Ondansetron and prochlorperazine Acetaminophen 1000mg q8h Oxycodone 5-10mg QHS prn Complains of very low energy, minimal appetite, substantial pain in spine She asks you about the possibility of using marijuana to help with nausea, pain and fatigue What advice will you offer regarding the use of marijuana to alleviate her current symptoms? Do you believe the the overall medicinal benefits outweigh the risks? NEJM. 2013;368(9)866-868. 1 11/3/2015 HISTORY OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA William Brooke O’Shaughnessy Introduced marijuana to Western medicine in the mid-1800s From www.en.Wikipedia.org HISTORY OF MEDICAL MARIJUANA 1851: Marijuana added to US Pharmacopeia 1942: Marijuana removed from US Pharmacopeia 1970: Marijuana classified as Schedule 1 under Controlled Substances Act 1996: California becomes first state to legalize medical marijuana 1998: Alaska, Oregon and Washington legalize medical marijuana Currently 23 states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical marijuana 2 11/3/2015 MEDICAL MARIJUANA IN WASHINGTON STATE HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS WHO MAY RECOMMEND MEDICAL MARIJUANA* Medical doctors (MDs) Physicians assistants (PAs) Osteopathic physicians (DOs) Osteopathic physician assistants (OAs) Naturopathic physicians (NDs) Advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNPs) *Must be licensed in Washington state Healthcare providers must NOT PRESCRIBE marijuana. -
Legal Questions About CBD and Marijuana in Schools Published Online in TASB School Law Esource
Legal Questions About CBD and Marijuana in Schools Published online in TASB School Law eSource The law involving marijuana is in flux. A majority of states have legalized medical marijuana to some extent, including the District of Columbia and eleven states that allow for recreational use. Federal laws also address marijuana. As new approaches continue to be tested in the ‘laboratories of democracy,’ the marketplace has responded with cannabis-related products such as cannabidiol (CBD), which can be purchased in any jurisdiction thanks to the Internet. School officials may be wondering how these new products and legal developments impact Texas public schools. What is CBD? CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of many naturally occurring chemical compounds of Cannabis sativa L., the plant from which both marijuana and hemp are derived. Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is another compound of the cannabis plant. The primary difference between hemp and marijuana is the amount of THC, which is the main component of marijuana that creates a “high” sensation. Both hemp and marijuana contain CBD, which is non-intoxicating. CBD has been shown to be effective in treating some forms of epilepsy. Preliminary research has also suggested that CBD may be used to treat other health conditions, including anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain.1 Unlike whole-plant marijuana, which is usually smoked or vaporized, CBD is commonly consumed as an oil extract or a pre-mixed additive in food or beverages. How do Texas and federal laws treat CBD and medical marijuana? Both Texas and federal laws have decriminalized CBD that is extracted from hemp. -
Cannabis Britannica: the Rise and Demise of a Victorian Wonder-Drug Transcript
Cannabis Britannica: The rise and demise of a Victorian wonder-drug Transcript Date: Monday, 18 March 2013 - 1:00PM Location: Museum of London 18 March 2013 Cannabis Britannica: The Rise and Demise of the Victorian Wonder-drug Professor James Mills There was little awareness of the medicinal and intoxicating properties of cannabis in Britain before the nineteenth-century. Varieties of the cannabis plant had long been cultivated in the country, but they were grown because the plant was a useful source of fibre for sacking, ropes and rigging. The climate in the UK and the varieties domesticated here meant that little psychoactive material was present in the plant. Medical dictionaries and botanical enyclopaedia of the eighteenth-century did include the occasional reference to the varieties of the plant which produced psychoactive substances, but these entries suggest that this knowledge was being recycled from earlier sources rather than from actual experience of these plants of preparations of them. It was only when British doctors and scientists began to circulate more regularly around the expanding empire of the early 1800s that they began to encounter societies where cannabis was cultivated for its medicinal and intoxicating potential. One of the earliest of these British doctors was Whitelaw Ainslie. He published the following account of ‘Ganjah’ in 1813. Ganjah (Tamil, Duk and Malay), Kanub (Arab), Hemp Cannabis Sativa, Vijya, Sanjica (Sanskrit). Ganjah is the Tamool name of the plant from which Bangie and Majum are prepared. The leaves are frequently added to tobacco and smoaked [sic] to increase its intoxicating power; they are also sometimes, given in cases of Diarrhoea and in conjunction with Turmeric, Onions and warm Ginglie oil, are made into an application for pinful, swelled and protruded Piles. -
MANCHA DE HIERRO Mycosphaerella Coffeicola (Cooke) J. a Stevens Y Wellman Ficha Técnica No. 46
SERVICIO NACIONAL DE SANIDAD, INOCUIDAD Y CALIDAD AGROALIMENTARIA Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal MANCHA DE HIERRO Mycosphaerella coffeicola (Cooke) J. A Stevens y Wellman Ficha Técnica No. 46 Fotografías: Nelson Scot C. Área: Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria Código EPPO: CERCCO Fecha de actualización: Abril 2016 Responsable Técnico: LANREF-COLPOS Comentarios y/o sugerencias enviar correo a: [email protected] Pág. 1 SERVICIO NACIONAL DE SANIDAD, INOCUIDAD Y CALIDAD AGROALIMENTARIA Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal Contenido IDENTIDAD ...................................................................... 3 Nombre ............................................................................... 3 Sinonimia ........................................................................... 3 Clasificación taxonómica ................................................... 3 Nombre común.......................................................…..….... 3 Código EPPO ...................................................................... 3 Categoría reglamentaria ................................................... 3 Situación de la plaga en México ........................................ 3 HOSPEDANTES ..................................................…...….... 3 Distribución nacional de hospedantes……………………. 4 ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS................................................ 4 Descripción morfológica...................................................... 4 Síntomas............................................................................ -
Mycosphaerella Eutnusae and Its Anamorph Pseudo- Cercospora Eumusae Spp. Nov.: Causal Agent of Eumusae Leaf Spot Disease of Banana
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 2002 Band/Volume: 54 Autor(en)/Author(s): Crous Pedro W., Mourichon Xavier Artikel/Article: Mycosphaerella eumusae and its anamorph Pseudocercospora eumusae spp. nov.: causal agent of eumusae leaf spot disease of banana. 35-43 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mycosphaerella eutnusae and its anamorph Pseudo- cercospora eumusae spp. nov.: causal agent of eumusae leaf spot disease of banana Pedro W. Crous1 & Xavier Mourichon2 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, P. Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa 2 Centre de Cooperation International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developement (CIRAD), TA 40/02, avenue Agropolis, 34 398 Montpellier, France P. W. Crous, & X. Mourichon (2002). Mycosphaerella eumusae and its ana- morph Pseudocercospora eumusae spp. nov: causal agent of eumusae leaf spot disease of banana. - Sydowia 54(1): 35-43. The teleomorph name, Mycosphaerella eumusae, and its anamorph, Pseudo- cercospora eumusae, are validated for the banana disease formerly known as Septoria leaf spot. This disease has been found on different Musa culti- vars from tropical countries such as southern India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Mauritius and Nigeria. It is contrasted with two similar species, namely Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black leaf streak or black Sigatoka disease) and Mycosphaerella musicola (Sigatoka disease). Although the teleo- morphs of these three species are morphologically similar, they are phylogene- tically distinct and can also be distinguished based upon the morphology of their anamorphs. Keywords: Leaf spot, Musa, Mycosphaerella, Pseudocercospora, systematics.