APPENDIX.

[No. 1.] MONEY BILLS.

IN THE SENATE, March 30, 1881. Senate Bill No. 126 was taken up for consideration; and the President read the following opinion upon the point of order previously raised by Mr. Snow of the Cape Dis- trict, that the bill was a " Money Bill," within the mean- ing of chap. 1., sect. III., art. VII., of the Constitution, and therefore could not originate in the Senate : —

OPINION OF THE PRESIDENT. It is remarkable, that, so soon after the recent opinion of the Supreme Judicial Court, defining and settling in the most exhaustive manner the great question which so long existed, whether the term, " money bills," as used in the Constitution, includes bills appropriating money from the treasury, as well as bills transferring money from the people to the treasury, and marking out the line of dis- tinction. between the two, another question should arise, of the character and importance of that now presented. The long controversy at length happily ended by the opinion of our highest judicial tribunal, has been attrib- uted by some to a spirit of jealousy between the two branches ; but the better view is, that it came from that jealousy of rights which is the duty of freemen, and in which consists the safety of our system, rather than from the spirit of rivalry or opposition. It is certainly not ne- cessary to add that, while at the present time there is, doubtless, little occasion for the existence in the Consti- tution of the provision as to money bills, yet it is our duty to regard it with the same scrupulousness as if it retained its original importance, and to construe it with the same aim toward accuiacy, as if the circumstances which gave it importance and occasioned its insertion still existed. The bill in question is entitled, " An Act relieving prop- erty from double taxation in certain cases." It provides that, when any person has an interest in taxable real es- tate, as the holder of a mortgage duly recorded, given to secure the payment of a fixed amount of money, the amount of such person's interest as mortgagee shall be assessed as real estate in the city or town where the land lies, and the mortgagor shall be assessed only for the bal- ance in value of such real estate. A proviso is added, restricting the amount for which the mortgagee can be taxed to the whole assessed value of the land. And it further provides that loans on mortgage of real estate, taxable as real estate as provided in the bill, shall not be included for the purposes of taxation in debts due to or from persons to be taxed, except for the excess, if any, above the assessed value of the real estate. The bill con- tains other provisions, not material to the present question. Heretofore real estate subject to mortgage has been taxed to its full assessed value to the mortgagor, and money loaned on mortgage taxed to the mortgagee, like other money loaned. The effect of the bill, therefore, is to relieve from taxation loans on mortgage of real estate. On behalf of the view that the bill in question is not a money bill within the provisions of the Constitution, it is urged that its provisions are a mere regulation of the method by which taxes may be assessed ; that it is not a bill laying or assessing a tax, but a bill furnishing a rule by which a tax may be laid, and that the exemption from taxation which it provides is incidental to the method, and not direct; and attention is called to the question of set- tling the valuation lists in 1781, which is claimed to be analogous to the present question, and to the opinions of the justices upon it.1 The case then presented was this: The Constitution providing that all taxes shall be proportional, and that, in order that they " may be made with equality, there shall be a valuation of estates within the Commonwealth taken anew once in every ten years at least and as much oftener as the General Court shall order," a valuation of estates throughout the Commonwealth had been made pursuant to law, and lodged with the Secretary of the Common- wealth. It was necessary for the General Court, before it could pass a tax bill, to ascertain what the relative pro- portions between the several towns were ; in other words, it was necessary to tabulate and classify the returns. The question was, whether the Senate could originate this tab-

1 Opinions of the Justices in 1781, 126 Mass., 517; Senate Doc., 1S7S, No. 253. illation and the ascertainment of the proportion which the returns bore to each other. The court held that it could. Three out of the four judges were of opinion that this was not an act of legisla- tion; and the other judge was inclined to the same view, but held that, whether an act of legislation or not, the same result followed. It was an act which might be done by one branch and not by the other, or by each sepa- rately ;1 it was a mere means of giving information to the branches, or to one only, if only one saw fit to adopt it. This information was for their guidance and assistance when they came to pass the tax acts, but might be disre- garded by them in whole or in part in passing those acts. It was preliminary to the act of fixing the valuation, and a means, among others, of enabling the Legislature cor- rectly to fix it, and would prove to be of service and value to this end, or otherwise, according as the Legisla- ture ultimately adopted or rejected or modified its sug- gestions in the acts to be passed. In this view, the inquiry proposed was nothing more nor less than an order for information. Judge Sullivan calls it " merely a mode of acquiring light from, and rectifying mistakes in, the evi- dence." 2 Clearly this case, then, is not parallel to the present, and furnishes no precedent for it. It is true that the bill now before the Senate furnishes a rule and provides a method for the assessment of taxes, but in a very different sense from that in which these words were used by the judges in 1781 in speaking of the matter before them. In that case the rule and method were those which, in their language, " cannot lay an obligation upon any person whomsoever," a " mode of conduct," " a rule to legislate by; " that is, something for their own guidance and assist- ance as the result of the information obtained by them. Here the rule and the method are embodied in a statute, de- signed to be operative law, not designed to be a guide and assistance to the Senate alone or to the House alone or to the two branches together (according as it should be ob- tained by them separately or jointly), but designed to be the rule of law under which certain taxes shall be as- sessed, the method in which the assessment shall be made, and the classes of property which shall come under it or be exempt from it. Is such a bill a money bill within the meaning of the

1 See Judge Sewall's opinion, 126 Mass., p. 553; Judge Sullivan's opin- ion, p. 556. 2 126 Mass., 556. Constitution? It may be remarked, in the first place, that the language of one of the opinions of the justices in 1781, that of Mr. Justice Sargeant, goes further than is necessary in this case to hold that it is. While holding that the act in question was not a money bill, the learned judge distinguishes between it and an act requiring assess- ors to return lists of the estates and property in their several towns, which he says is a money bill. His lan- guage is, " The act for making inquiry into the estates of the inhabitants is to be considered as an act of legislation, because it obliges the assessors to give in a list of estates in the towns they belong to, and obliges the inhabitants to give in their estates to the assessors; and in that view, and considered as determining the subjects of taxation, it may be considered as a money bill, and ought, by the Con- stitution, to originate in the House of Representatives." 1 Whether this application of the principle was correct or not, it would seem that the principle itself was then enter- tained that acts determining the subjects of taxation were money bills. Chief Justice Cushing's statement, " I sup- pose a money bill to be a bill imposing a direct tax on the people," while it does not in terms support, yet it does not necessarily oppose, this proposition; for a bill deter- mining the subjects of taxation may be said, according to a not improper use of language, to provide for its imposi- tion upon that property. His language must be considered also in connection with the tax acts then in use, with reference to which he doubt- less spoke. It was then the practice to pass yearly tax acts, which comprehended four distinct subjects, three of which are now embodied in the general law, as follows: first, The apportionment upon the cities, towns, and dis- tricts in the State of the amounts required to be paid by them to the Treasurer of the Commonwealth as the State tax; second, Provision stating upon what classes of prop- erty, and upon what polls, the same should be assessed, and the exemptions; third, Provision that the county taxes should be assessed according to the same apportion- ment respectively, and upon the same classes of property and the same class of polls, as State taxes; fourth, Pro- vision that city and town taxes should be assessed upon the same classes of property and the same class of polls as State taxes, with provision for a yearly valuation of property.2 This practice continued to 1836, when the last

1 126 Mass., 550; see also Judge Sullivan's opinion, pp. 554, 556. 2 See volume of tax acts collected, 1829-31, in the State Library. three of the above classes were incorporated into the Re- vised Statutes, and have remained a part of the General Laws ever since. The bill now in question would comef within the second of the above divisions: it is a bill providing that a certain class of certain classes of property shall be subject to tax- ation and exemption, otherwise than as such class or classes have heretofore been taxed and exempted. The question whether such a bill is a money bill and must originate in the House of Representatives, has, the Chair believes, been raised on several occasions, in cases parallel to the present, and on other occasions referred to, in both branches of the Legislature. In 1866 a bill was reported in the Senate (Senate Doc., 251), " relating to the assessment of taxes upon shares in foreign corporations," similar in principle as determining subjects of taxation to the present. A question of order was raised that it was a money bill, upon which the Presi- dent of the Senate declined to rule, on the ground that it was beyond his province to decide a question of constitu- tional law.1 In this he was clearly in error, since the attempted exercise of unconstitutional functions by a legis- lative assembly involves a breach of order.2 The subject was referred to a special committee, who reported that the bill was a money bill, and could only originate in the House of Representatives on the ground that it affected the raising of revenue. The Senate, by "very close and varying votes," amended the report by substituting there- for the statement that it was " not a bill for the raising of revenue," and finally rejected the report as amended, and passed the bill. The question was discussed apparently with much zeal, from time to time, for a considerable period, and the Senate was divided very nearly evenly upon it. When the bill reached the House, it was ruled out by Mr. Speaker Stone, who termed it, " a bill to pro- vide for the assessment of a tax to raise money to put in the public treasury," and said, that, whatever else the Constitution might include, this came, in his opinion, within its plain intent and meaning.3 President Pitman, in his very able opinion delivered in 1 Senate Journal, 1866, p. 646. 2 President Pond was supported in this position by the report of the special committee to which the subject was referred (Senate Doc., 1866, No. 292); but that it is erroneous lias been abundantly shown. See President Upham's action, 1857, Hale's Debates, 1857, 16:5; Opinion of Speaker Stone, 1866, House Journal, 437; Speaker Jewell, 1868, House Journal, 386; Presi- dent Pitman, I860, Senate Doc., 275, Senate Journal, 340; Speaker Sanford, 1873, House Journal, 283; President Cogswell, 1878, Senate Journal, 280. '•> House Journal, 1866, p. 438. I860,1 which did so much to clear the way for the ultimate decision of the question as to tax and appropriation bills, was inclined to the opinion that this was the correct doc- trine ; and my immediate predecessor in this chair, Mr. President Cogswell, for whose views upon such a subject I entertain the highest respect, said in his opinion in 1878,2 " most surely this was the correct conclusion." The direct point was not, however, involved in the questions which either President Pitman or President Cogswell then had before him. But the point was involved in several other cases which arose in 1878, ancl was ruled upon by Presi- dent Cogswell. A bill introduced in the Senate, exempt- ing from taxation deposits in savings banks to the amount of real estate owned by them being under consideration, the point of order was raised and sustained that the bill could not originate in the Senate, and the bill was recom- mitted to the committee who afterwards reported in the House.3 The same action was taken, for the same reason, with bills exempting from taxation deposits in savings banks invested in United States securities,4 and exempting dwelling houses from taxation to a certain amount.5 These bills were the same in principle, the Chair believes, as the present, so far as the point under consideration is con- cerned. In 1872 the same question as the Chair conceives twice arose, ancl was ruled upon in the House of Representatives by Mr. Speaker Sanford, upon bills identical in character in this respect with the present. One was a bill to pro- vide for the collection of taxes upon bank shares,6 and the other a bill in relation to taxes upon insurance compa- nies.'' Neither bill imposed a tax in terms, but both un- dertook to specify certain property which should be subject to taxation, ancl to render it taxable. Both bills were ruled out by the Speaker, who treated them as bills impos- ing a tax. In 1873 the same question was raised in the Senate, upon a bill to abolish the taxation of incomes. Mr. President Loring ruled that the point was not well taken; ancl, on appeal, the decision of the Chair was sustained.8 No statement of the reasons for this decision appear; and, although it is subsequently alluded to by him, his grounds

1 Opinion, 1869, Senate Doe., 275, p. 14; Senate Journal, 1869, 352. 2 Opinion, 1878, Senate Doc., 235, p. 8; Senate Journal, 1878, 285. 8 Senate Journal, 1878, p. 375. 4 Ibid. 6 See the clerk's indorsement on the bill, Files of the Senate for 1878, No. 158. 0 House Journal, 1872, p. 486. ' Ibid., 1872, p. 494. 8 Senate Journal, 1873, p. 99. are not given, unless he is to be understood literally when he says that he ruled that bills, " whether of grant or sup- ply, of revenue or expenditure," should originate in either branch,1 which is incredible, and would deny all force to the constitutional provision. He certainly intimates no distinction between bills which tax and those which sub- ject to taxation. The bill passed the Senate and went to the House of Representatives, where it was ruled out by Mr. Speaker Sanford,2 who treated it as a tax or revenue bill. Although the point of difference between a bill in terms imposing a tax, and a bill specifying the subjects of taxation, was not discussed in the opinion of Speaker San- ford, yet in this case, as well as in the decisions which he made in 1872, it was assumed by him that the bill, which was clearly of the latter character, was as much a money bill as if it provided in terms that the tax, the character of which it fixed, should be laid. The balance of authority in these instances is very clearly in favor of the position that such bills come within the designation of money bills. The bills in each of the instances were bills designating that certain property should be subject to or exempt from taxation, and not bills imposing a tax in terms. But it must be admitted that certain bills of this descrip- tion have originated in the Senate, passed through both branches, and become laws, without objection. The Act of 1872, chap. 327, empowering towns to exempt from taxation property used in the manufacture of beet-sugar; the, Act of 1878, chap. 131, exempting from taxation plan- tations of timber-trees; and the Act of 1879, chap. 223, providing for the assessment of a poll-tax upon women,— all acts of this character, — originated in the Senate and passed unchallenged through the House, one of them, it will be observed, in the same year in which two others of a like character were ruled out in the House, and one in the same year in which three others of like character were ruled out or withdrawn in the Senate. No objection was raised to the origin of these Acts, however; and it cannot be properly claimed that their silent passage, during a period when other similar Acts were rejected, shows a practical exposition in favor of their introduction in this manner. The circumstances are totally unlike those which lead to that conclusion.8 It is worthy of note that the Acts of 1864 and 1865, which wholly changed the mode of taxing corporate property in this Commonwealth, in a

1 Ibid., 1873, p. 411. 2 House Journal, 1873, 283. 3 See opinion of Justices, 1878, 126 Mass., 594. manner so radical as to challenge the sharpest criticism, originated in the House of Representatives. The weight of authority then appears to the Chair to be, that bills of this character are money bills within the meaning of the Constitution as clearly as if in terms they levied the tax for which they provide. In point of reason, the conclusion would seem to be the same. To distinguish between a bill which lays a tax and a bill which deter- mines upon what property taxes shall be laid, and to say that one is a money bill and the other is not, is not giving to the provision in the Constitution that force which the reasonable significance of its words imply. To say that a bill which subjects to taxation is not a bill which taxes, is too close a refinement. The opposite conclusion is the broader and sounder. In the opinion given by the justices of the Supreme Judicial Court to the two Houses of the Legislature in 1878,1 it is held that the exclusive privilege of the House of Representatives to originate money bills is limited to bills that transfer money or property from the people to the State, as distinguished from bills which appropriate money from the treasury of the State to par- ticular public uses or to individuals. The transfer from the people to the State here spoken of cannot mean the ultimate act of transfer, but must include bills which pro- vide for such transfer, or cause it to be made; which, in other words, are the means of such transfer. Whether, therefore, regard be had to the earlier or the later exposition of this article in the Constitution by the Supreme Judicial Court, the weight of authority in the decisions in the two branches themselves, or the better reasoning, the Chair can come only to the conclusion that a bill determining, as this bill does, subjects of taxation, and thus subjecting them to taxation whenever a tax shall be laid, is a bill that transfers money from the people to the treasury, and therefore a money bill within the mean- ing of the Constitution.

Mr. Bennett of Suffolk spoke as follows: — Mr. President, I do not at this time propose to discuss the soundness of the views of the Chair in the decision just made, neither do I intend to detain the Senate by any comments upon it; but it does not seem to me improper at this time, before offering the motion which I desire to make, to state briefly some of the reasons which led the

l 126 Mass., 557. Committee to a different conclusion. The Chair has fairly examined this question, and has been able to give the question much closer attention and deeper research than the Committee could possibly do. The complaint to the Committee was, that the incidental result of the laws now upon the statute-books was a great wrong to a large class of the citizens of this Commonwealth. Double taxation is the indirect result of, or an incident (as it is called) to, our present system ; for direct double taxation would be pronounced unconstitutional. The Committee believed that the bill reported by them created no new subject of taxation. No tax was levied; no money was taken from the pockets of the people by its operation. In this partic- ular it differed from all the bills heretofore passed upon. It only sought to classify the property now already the subject of taxation ; and it did not, by its direct operation, impose any new burden upon the people ; and if it relieved them, it would be incidental to the classification, and thus remedy the incidental wrong resulting from the present laws. The Committee considered that such a bill might originate in this branch. It was a mere regulation. Many States in the Union have constitutional provisions similar to our own, and in none of them could we find that a bill of this kind had ever been ruled out upon this ground ; but we do find bills relating to taxation originating in the upper branch of some of them. In our own State, as the Chair has stated, these bills have passed without chal- lenge ; and when we considered the opinions of the Su- preme Court in the matter of State apportionment, and of the Court (reported in the 126 Massachusetts Reports), that a bill appropriating money from the treasury, notwith- standing the fact that the indirect effect of it was to lay a tax upon the people, could originate here; when we found that the decisions in cases much stronger in that direction than this bill were nearly evenly balanced, — we came to the conclusion that bills of this character could originate in the Senate. The bills referred to by the Chair concern- ing the tax on bank-shares, insurance companies, etc., were bills creating new subjects of taxation, and, we believed, not parallel to the bill under consideration. Therefore the Committee, believing, as it did, that we were not originat- ing any new tax, but regulating the method only, reported this bill in the Senate. I move that the opinion of the President be printed, and that the order, petition, and so much of the Governor's message as relates to this subject, be returned by the clerk to the Committee.

The motion was adopted.

[No. 2.]

ANNUAL REGISTER

^eculit^ and | ujislafme

GOVERNMENT OP MASSACHUSETTS.

1881. os o

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

First NAME AND OFFICE. Residence. Date of Birth. Native Place. Occupation. Year in Present Office.

John D. Long, Governor • Hingham Oct. 27, 1838, Buckfield, Me. . Lawyer . 1880.

Byron Weston, Lieutenant-Governor Dalton Apr. 9, 1832, Dalton Paper Manufacturer, 1880.

Matthew H. Cushing, Councillor, Dist. No. 1, Middleborough, Feb. 4, 1832, Middleborough . Merchant 1881.

1 William 0. Taylor, " " 2, Boston Apr. 6, 1831, Chicopee . Merchant 1879.

Mahlon D. Spaulding " " 2, Aug. 17, 1827, Anson, Me. Merchant 1881.

Eustace C. Fitz, " " 3, Chelsea . Feb. 5. 1823, Haverhill . Merchant 1881.

Michael J. Flatley, " " 4, Boston - - Ireland Hotel-keeper . 1881.

Joseph Davis, " " 5, Lynn Oct. 4, 1833, Marblehead Shoe Manufacturer . 1881.

George Ileywood, " " 6, Concord . May 24, 1826, Concord . Lawyer . 1880.

Rodney Wallace, " " 7, Fitcliburg Dec. 21, 1823, N.Ipswich, N. II. Paper Manufacturer, 1880.

Rufus D. Woods, " " 8, Enfield . May 1, 1818, Enfield . Farmer . 1881.

William M. Olin, Governor's Private Sec y • Boston Sept. 18,1845, Warrenton, Ga. Journalist 1879. Heads of Departments — 1841, Duxbury . Insurance Broker. . 1876. Henry B. Peirce, Secretary .... Abington Aug. 6, 1836, Worcester Lawyer . 1881. Daniel A. Gleason, Treasurer Medford . May 9, 1822, Holland, Conn. Insurance 1879. Charles R, Ladd, Auditor .... Springfield Apr. 9, 1821, Barnstable Lawyer . 1879. George Marston, Attorney-General New Bedford . Oct. 15, 1830, Boston Farmer . 1879. A. Hun Berry, Adjutant-General. Boston Nov. 27, > Died April 20, 1881. Mr. Spauiding was elected to All vacancy. H íz¡ C

tí- os co to

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SENATE. ROBERT R. BISHOP, PRESIDENT.

1st Year SENATORS. Residence. Date of Birth. Native Place. Occupation. in Leg. i> SUFFOLK COUNTY. First District James Smith Boston . Mar. 30, 1831, Nova Scotia Treas. and Agent, 1873 •n Second " Wm. T. Van Nostrand, Oct. 7, 1821, New York Brewer & Maltster. 1866 H Third " James L. Quigley Sept. 4, 1848, Boston . Painter 1879 Fourth " George G. Crocker Dec. 15, 1843, Lawyer 1873. >—Ü I Fifth " John B. Martin . Mar. 1, 1848, Trader . 1875 Sixth " Charles H. Allen June 14, 1828, Pres. Home S. B'k 1878. Seventh " Henry W. Fuller June 30, 1840, Hooksett, N.H. Lawyer 1875. Eighth " Joseph Bennett . May 26, 1840, Bridgton, Me. . Lawyer 1879. ESSEX COUNTY. First District Harmon Hall Saugus . July 18, 1818, Portland, Me. Retired 1860 Second " Nathaniel A. Horton Salem . Apr. 16, 1830, Salem Editor . 1860. Third " Francis Norwood Beverly . Jan. 10, 1841, Rockport Shoe Manufact'r 1881 Fourth " Joseph N. Rolfe . Newbury Aug. 24, 1822, Newbury Farmer 1869. Fifth " Charles B. Rice . Danvers June 29, 1829, Conway . Clergyman . 1876 Sixth " John A. Wiley . N. Andover Feb. 1, 1825, Wakefield Manufacturer 1868. MIDDLESEX COUNTY. First District . Elisha S. Converse Maiden . July 28, 1820, Needham Treas. and Agent, 1878. Second " Robert II. Bishop Newton . Mar. 31, 1834, Medfield . Lawyer 1874. Third " Leander M. Hannum Cambridge Dec. 22, 1837, Northampton . General Business . 1876.1 Fourth " Charles Q. Tirrell Natick . Dec. 10, 1844, Sharon . Lawyer 1872.1 Fifth " Anson D. Fessenden Townsend Feb. 18, 1839, Townsend Manufacturer 1865.1 ixth " Thomas Winship Wakefield Oct. 14, 1826, South Reading, Banker 1876.1 Seventh " Charles S. Lilley Lowell . Dec. 13, 1851, Lowell Lawyer 1880.2

WORCESTER COUNTY. First District Thomas J. Hastings Worcester Jan. 24, 1835, Camden, Me. . Manufacturer 1877.1 Second " William Abbott . Douglas Nov. 25, 1834, Temple, Me. . Real Estate Agent, 1874.1 Third " Chester C. Corbin Webster Sept. 25, 1841, Dudley . Shoe Manufact'r . 1881.2 Fourth " John M. Moore . Gardiner July, 1829, Westminster . Manufacturer 1855.1 Fifth " Daniel B. Ingalls Clinton May 29, 1829, Sutton, Yt. . Dentist 1880.1

HAMPDEN COUNTY. First District . Marcus P. Knowlton Springfield Feb. 3, 1839, Wilbraham Lawyer 1878.1 Second " Emerson Gaylord Chicopee Sept 2, 1817, South Hadley . Manufacturer 1866.1 t> HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. 2 Hampshire District Samuel M. Cook Granby . Nov. 1, 1822, Granby . Farmer 1881. >-d M FRANKLIN COUNTY. !zS Franklin District Joseph H. Root . Montague Feb. 19, 1823, Montague Retired 1872.1 Ö >—! BERKSHIRE COUNTY. North Berkshire District, Francis W. Rockwell Pittsfield May 26, 1844, Pittsfield Lawyer 1879.1 * South " " . Elizur Smith Lee Jan. 5, 1812, Sandisfield Paper Manufact'r. 1849.1 NORFOLK COUNTY. First District . David W. Tucker Milton . Aug. 22, 1820, Milton . Farmer 1871.1 Second " James P. Ray Franklin Aug. 1, 1820, Mendon . Manufacturer 1861.1

1 House of Representatives. 2 Senate.

OCOS co

lst Year Date of Birth. Native Place. Occupation. DISTRICTS. SENATORS. Residence. in Leg.

2 PLYMOUTH COUNTY. Scituate . Tr. S. S. Sav. B'k, 1880. First District . Ebenezer T. Fogg South Scituate, Oct. 30, 1826, 2 Hingham Tr. Hing'm W.Co. 1880. Second " Starkes Whiton . Hingham Apr. 11, 1829, 2 BRISTOL COUNTY. Easton . Shovel Manufact'r, 1880. Oliver Ames Easton . Feb. 4, 1831, 2 First District . Haverhill Lawyer 1881. Second " Milton Reed Fall River Oct. 1, 1848, 1 Nov. 9, 1821, New Bedford . Accountant . 1852. Third "... George B. Richmond . New Bedford. Ì> BARNSTABLE, NANTUCKET AND DUKES COUNTIES. 1 •d Apr. 14, 1828, Hyannis . Lumber Dealer . 1876. Cape District . Samuel Snow Barnstable IS izl 2 Senate. Ö 1 House of Representatives. i—i X

1st Year Residence. Date of ISirth. Native Place. NAME AND OFFICE. in Office.

Duxbury July 21, 1815, Pembroke . 1858. Sherborn 1880.1 Edmund Dowse, Chaplain Sherborn Jan. 30, 1813, 1838, Wareham . 1875. 0. F. Mitchell, Sergeant-at-Arms . Bridgewater

1 Member of the Senate 1869, 1870. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

CHARLES J. NOYES, SPEAKER.

1st Year REPRESENTATIVES. Date of Birtli. Native Place. Occupation. in Leg.i

BARNSTABLE COUNTY. No. 1 James E. Gifford Falmouth May 15,1832, Falmouth . Farmer . 1880 2 Clark Lincoln . Barnstable Jan. 1, 1821, Brewster . Hardware Dealer 1880 i> 3 Charles F. Swift Yarmouth June 18,1825, Falmouth . Editor and Publisher. 1857 •n 4 Watson B. Kelley Harwich Dec. 11, 1824, Harwich . Coal Dealer 1881 TJ 5 Jesse H. Freeman Wellfleet Aug. 18, 1826, Wellfleet . Agent of Wharf Co 1880 H 6 Atkins Hughes Aug. 14, 1828, Truro Master Mariner !2¡ Truro 1881 ö BERKSHIRE COUNTY No. 1 John AV. P. Buck Clarksburg July 15, 1822, Chittenden, Vt. School-teacher 1881. X Nelson H. Bixby Adams . Sept. 27, 1840, Halifax, Vt. . Lawyer . 1881. S. Proctor Thayer N. Adams July 1, 1853, North Adams . Lawyer . 1880. Sam'l W. Bowerman, Pittsfield May 10, 1822, Adams Lawyer . 1860. Oliver W. Robbins . n Aug. 20, 1812, Pittsfield . Shoe Manufacturer 1881. Frederick S. Rice . Florida . July 3, 1836, Charlemont Hotel-keeper . 1881. Alexander Hyde3 . Sept. 25, 1814, Lee . Farmer 1881. 4 Lee Norman W. Shores, June, 1830, Norfolk, Conn.. Lawyer 1876.2 Henry J. Dunham . Stockbridge 1832, Savoy Lawyer 1871. Marshall S. Bidwell, Monterey Aug. 24, 1824, Tyringham Farmer 1881. George A. Shepard . Sandisfield Dec. 23, 1820, Sandisfield Teacher 1881.

1 In House, unless otherwise specified. 2 Senate. 8 Mr. Hyde died Jan. It, 1881. 4 Mr. Shores was elected to fill vacancy caused by death of Mr. Hyde.

CO- Ot co Cl

lst Year Occupation. Date of Birth. Native Place. in Leg. DISTRICTS. REPRESENTATIVES, Residence.

BRISTOL COUNTY. Merchant 1881. George N. Crandall. Attleborough. Oct. 27, 1819, Charlestown, R.I. No. 1 . . . j <( Feb. 22, 1832, Charlest'n,N.H. Teacher . 1881. Burriil Porter, jun. . 1881. Raynham June 13, 1829, Raynham . Manufacturer .- 2 William 0. Snow . Grocer 1880. James M. Evans Taunton 1837, Freetown . a June 16, 1836, Weymouth Lawyer . 1881. Charles A. Reed Lawyer . 1881. Lloyd E. White tt Dec. 12, 1849, Norton • • • "} 1826, Somerset . 1881. 4 John W. Marble . Freetown 1880. > Eben C. Milliken . New Bedford. Aug. 6, 1843, Winsor, Me. Baker . . . Mar. 7, 1817, Orleans Master Mariner 1881. ¡3 James A. Crowell . tt 1881. g « . . .{ (T May 26,1846, Barbadoes Lawyer . Albert E. Clarke . 1879. y Andrew Bulloch tt Dec. 3,1823, Scotland . Merchant 1880. M Henry A. Slocum . Dartmouth . Dec. 1,1825, Dartmouth Farmer . 7 England . 1881. ¡-j Robert Howard Fall River . Feb. 8,1844, Mule Spinner . July 2,1849, Freetown . Clerk 1881. X Frank W. Burr it 1881. . . . .j John Stanton . tt 1851, Ireland Manufacturer . » . . .J it Mar. 4, 1832, Belleville, N.J. Retired . 1880. James F. Davenport, 1881. Silas B. Hatch tt Jan. 20, 1851, Fall River Overseer . Feb. 21,1822, Rehoboth . Farmer . 1881. 10 Remember Smith . Rehoboth DUKES COUNTY. Edgartown Carpenter 1881. No. 1 Tristram Cleveland . Dec. 15,1820, Cottage City . ESSEX COUNTY. 1881. Sept. 3,1840, Rockport . Grocer No. 1 N. Richardson, jun. 1881. June 22, 1826, Gloucester Merchant Wm. H. Wonson, 3d Rockport TT Sailmaker 1881. , . .Isaa c A..{ S. Steele . Gloucester Feb. 2,1840, William H. Tappan, Manchester ,, 1821, Manchester Surveyor . 1881 Gilbert A. Tapley . Danvers 1, 1823, Danvers Manufacturer . 1881 John I. Baker . Beverly . 3, 1812, Beverly Real Estate 1840 William Cogswell . Salem . 3, 1838, Bradford Lawyer . 1870 James F. Aimy t, 1833, Adams Manufacturer . 1881 Rufus B. Gifiord . 3, 1827, Salem Builder . 1880 Charles B. Fowler . 3, 1835, Belfast, Me Insurance 1881 William B. Brown . Marblehead 2, 1821, Marblehead Treasurer 1867 Lewis Carroll . it ), 1845, Shoe-cutter 1878 Ebenezer Beckford . Lynn 7, 1833, 1880 H. Cabot Lodge Nahant . 2, 1850, Boston Literature 1880 10 Hartwell S. French . Lynn 7, 1839, Turner, Me. Mechanic 1881 Frank D. Allen 3, 1850, Worcester Lawyer . 1881 ï> 11 Samuel B. Valpey . 2, 1829, Lynn Clothing Dealer 1880 "tí 12 Henry Wardwell Peabody 3, 1810, Ipswich Lawyer . 1879 "-0 13 Andrew Mansfield . Lynnfield 1838, Lynnfield . Farmer . 1881 m 14 Thomas K. Gilman . N. Andover . 1,1842, Wells, Me. Leather Dealer 1881 ¡2! Alonzo B. Fellows . 15 Ipswich . 5.1829, Ipswich Farmer . 1881 HÖH Amos CofEn Newburyport. 5, 1829, Alton, N.I-I. . Coal Merchant 16 1880 X Edward P. Shaw <( 1, 1841, Newburyport Merchant George H. Carleton . 1881 17 3.1830, Methuen . Cashier of Bank 1881 Benjamin L. Fifield, Georgetown . 7, 1848, Salisbury . Merchant 1S81 Richard Newell Salisbury 18 7,1839, West Newbury, Farmer . Edwin Gage W. Newbury. 1881 3, 1830, Pelham, N.II. . Shoe Manufacturer 1880 Daniel T. Morrison . Haverhill 19 Methuen 3, 1820, Sanborn ton, N.II. Farmer . 1880 Levi Taylor Atkinson, N.H. Merchant Daniel Donovan Haverhill 1, 1824, 1880 Lawrence 2, 1838, Ireland Constable 18S1 20 Joseph J. Nichols . Mill Operative Thomas Scott . 3, 1849, Cork, Ireland . 1879 Scotland . Superintendent 1881 21 Edward P. Poor 1823, 1829, Peabody . Assessor . 1880 rf». oc

1st Year REPRESENTATIVES. Date of Birth. Native Place. Occupation. in Leg.

FRANKLIN COUNTY No. 1 Charles A. Eddy . Erving . Sept. 3, 1822, Winchendon Manufacturer 1881. 2 William W. Russell, Sunderland Dec. 26, 1809, Sunderland Farmer . 1859. 3 Leonard Barton Gill Dec. 21, 1814, Bernardston Farmer . 1871. 4 David T. Vining Conway Oct. 19, 1821, Ilawley Physician 1855. 5 Jona. Budington Leyden . Dec. 17, 1837, Leyden Farmer . 1881. 6 Vaniah M. Porter . Rowe Apr. 13, 1830, Whitingham,Vt. Farmer . 1881.

HAMPDEN COUNTY > No. 1 Solomon F. Cushman Mon son . Nov. 18, 1826, Monson, Me. Manufacturer . 1881. TJ 2 Chauncey E. Peek Wilbraham Feb. 8, 1845, Tolland, Conn. . Manufacturer . 1881. M 3 John Goodwin. Chicopee Feb. 7, 1835, Berwick, Me. . Contractor & Builder 1881. Josiah Bumstead Springfield July 18, 1820, So. Wilbraham. Farmer . 1881. a 4 Hubert M. Coney Mar. 18, 1844, Lawyer . 1881. I—I 5 Edwin D. Metcalf Mar. 14, 1848, Smithfieldj R.L Merchant 1880. Henry M. Phillips Aug. 11,1845, Athol President and Treas 1880. C. C. Merritt . Sept. 29,1830, Gardner . Apothecary 1872. John H. Wright Holyoke June 24, 1843, Ireland Retired Merchant 1877. Ashton E. Hemphill, a Sept. 17,1849, Ac worth, N.H.. Druggist . 1881. Edw'd C. Carpenter, Westfield Oct. 29, 1830, Guilford, Vt. . Manufacturer . 1881. 10 John W. Colton u June 13,1832, W. Springfield . Druggist . 1881. 11 George T. Bryant . Russell . July 9, 1847, Roxbury . Book-keeper . 1881.

HAMPSHIRE COUNTY. Edwin R. Bosworth, Easthampton. Mar. 16, 1826, Rehoboth . Builder . 1881. No. Manufacturer . 1881. •1 Sidney Strong . Northampton, Aug. 2, 1816, Westhampton . Albert G. Jewett Westhampton, May 24, 1825, Northampton . Carpenter 1881. 3 Edwin S. Burr Worthington . Feb. 6, 1836, Worthington Stage Proprietor 1881. 4 Chas. O. Parmenter, Amherst Feb. 11, 183.3, Pelham Sewing-machine Agt. 1880. 5 Asahel II. Dorman . Belchertown . Jan. 30, 1825, Belchertown Farmer and Miller . 1881.

MIDDLESEX COUNTY. T. W. Higginson 1823 Cambridge Author & Journalist 1880 No. 1 Cambridge Dec. 22 Iienry W. Muzzey . Sept. 16 1832 Framingham Lawyer . 1881 Sumner Albee. Mar. 23 1825 Langdon, N.H. Lawyer . 1881 Henry J. Wells Nov. 16 1823 Charlestown Lawyer . 1880 G. D. Chamberlain ; June 4 1823 Westborough Dealer in Beef 1881 John McSorley Aug. 12 1832 Ireland Retired . 1880 John Haskell Butler, Somerville Aug. 31 1841 Middleton Lawyer . 1880 Quincy A. Vinal Sept. 23 1826 Charlestown Real Estate Agent 1873 > Person Davis . June 1 1819 Princeton . Flour & Grain Mer. 1880 id John C. Rand . Medford June 6 1842 Chelsea Printer . 1881 Ezra A. Stevens Maiden . Mar. 12 1827 Portsmouth,N.H. Merchant 1881 M William Johnson Everett . Mar. 20 1812 Stoughton Marble Worker I 1851 ïz! 9 B. Marvin Fernald . Melrose . Feb.14 1847 Great Falls, N.H. Lawyer . 1881 a Charles L. Gill Aug. 21 | 1881 >-H 10 Stoneham 1828 New York City . Shoe Business . X 11 Solon O. Richardson, Wakefield Sept. 9 1841 South Reading . Manufacturer . 1881 12 Charles F. Brown . Reading Oct. 21 1848 Hampden, Me. . Solicitor of Patents 1881 Edward D. Hayden . Dec. 27 1880 13 1 Woburn 1833 Cambridge Josiah F. Stone Oct. 16 1 Winchester 1822 Cornish, N.II. . Retired Merchant 1879 14 Thomas P. Ayer . u Oct. 24 1818 Charlestown 1881 Samuel Walker Merchant 15 Feb. 9 1818 Langdon, N.H . George W. Morse . Watertown Merchant 1881 Newton . Aug. 24 1845 Lodi, O. . John H. Sanborn Lawyer . 1881 16 * t Nov. 5 1832 Parsonsfield, Me. Nathan Warren Merchant 1S81 Feb. 11 1838 Waltham . 17 Charles A. Corey Waltham Insurance 1880 18 May 23 Groton Enoch Foster . Bedford Apr. 22 1842 Grocer 1881 19 Tewksbury 1831 Tewksbury Furniture Dealer 1881

1 Mr. Stone died Jan. 27, 1881. Mr. Ayer was elected his successor.

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1st Year Native Flace. Occupation. DISTRICTS. REPRESENTATIVES. Residence. Date of Birth. in Leg.

MIDDLESEX CO.— Con. No. 20 John O'Donnell Lowell June 22, 1853, Lowell 1880. 21 Leonard Brown Feb. 24, 1821, Lexington Printer 1881. 22 Edward Cawley Apr. 29, 1853, Rutland, Yt. . Railroad Conductor . 1881. 23 Charles IÏ. Allen Apr. 15, 1848, Lowell Manufacturer . 1881. 24 Robert Goulding Feb. 25, 1825, England . Slate & Tin Roofer . 1880. 1881. 25 J. Tyler Stevens Dec. 20, 1844, Ware Real Estate 1881. 26 Samuel Hoar . Concord Sept. 27. 1845, Concord . Lawyer . 1881. ¡> 27 Hiram Curtis . Maynard Jan. 29, 1837, Bowdoinham,Me. Merchant T) Edward McManus Natick . Mar. 1, 1837, Ireland Shoemaker 1881. TJ 28 Insurance Agent 1880. 29 George B. Fiske Holliston Mar. 20, 1834, Holliston . H Owen Wood . Hopkinton Feb. 20, 1831, Franklin . Boot-cutter 1881. !z¡ 30 Trader . 1881. 31 Luther F. Fuller Framingham Jan. 30, 1827, Acton köH Timothy A. Coolidge Marlborough June 25, 1827, Natick Shoe Manufacturer , 1881. 32 1881. X Edmund M. Stowe Hudson. Sept. 23, 1828, Marlborough Boot & Shoe Dealer . 33 Farmer . 1877. 34 Asa S. Lawrence Croton . May 10, 1820, Groton Dec. 23, Manufacturer . 1881. 35 John E. Dickerman Townsend 1837, Braintree .

NANTUCKET COUNTY 1S78. No. 1 Henry Paddack Nantucket Apr. 7, 1838, Nantucket Painter, etc.

NORFOLK COUNTY 1881. No. 1 Thomas J. Baker Dedham Sept. 25,1822, Medfield Grocer Brookline Cincinnati, O. Merchant 1877. 2 Edward I. Thomas 1880. Hobart M. Cable Hyde Park Mar. 3,1842, Walton, N.Y. Agent 3 1878. 4 Edward R. Eager Canton . Nov. 9, 1830, Cambridge Treasurer Iron Co. N. D. Canterbury- Weymouth Sept. 15, 1837, Weymouth Boot & Shoe Manuf. 1880. James Edwards Quincy . Mar. 9, 1829, Quincy Leather Dealer 1881. Charles H. Porter u Apr. 3, 1843, Weymouth Insurance 1881. Joel F. Sheppard Braintree Nov. 20, 1835, Greenwich, N.J. Coal Merchant 1881. Jonathan Wales Randolph Oct. 4, 1849, Randolph . Lawyer . 1880. Newell S. Atwood Stoughton Aug. 17, 1834, Cornish, N.H. . Trader 1880. Jos. W. Thompson Medway 1826, Medway . Boot & Shoe Manuf. 1881. Henry R. Jenks Franklin Dec. 25, 1831, Smith field, R.I. Merchant 1881. James Mackintosh Needham Apr. 9, 1838, Needham . Farmer . 1876.

PLYMOUTH COUNTY. No. 1 Joseph Jacobs, jun.. ITingham Dec. 8, 1828, Hingham . Edge-tool Manuf. 1881. 2 Thomas F. Bailey . Scituate Nov. 22, 1838, Dorchester Carpenter & Builder, 1881. > 3 Francis Collamore . Pembroke Dec. 7, 1880, Pembroke . Physician 1881. 4 Peleg McFarlin Carver . Oct. 18, 1843, Carver Iron Merchant. 1881. li 5 Winslow W. Avery . Plymouth Apr. 22, 1836, Montpelier, Vt Editor 1881. «M Stephen D. Hadley . Marion . Sept. 25, 1814, Marion Retired Ship-master 1881. John C. Sullivan Middleboro' July 13, 1841, Lawyer . 1881. >—ö I Arthur Hooper Bridgewater May IS, 1843, Bridgewater House Painter . 1881. X Charles W. Howland Rockland Dec. 5, 1838, Hanson Civil Engineer 1881. Davis S. Packard Brockton June 24, 1826, Brockton . Manufacturer . 1881. 10 Albert Keith . tt Dec. 31, 1823, N. Bridgewater, Merchant 1880. • •! 1881. 11 Job P. Farrar . Abington Nov. 25, 1831, Buckfieid, Me. . Boot & Shoe Manuf.

SUFFOLK COUNTY. Edwin R. Webster . Boston Feb. 20, 18-31, Cabot, Vt. Stable-keeper . 1878. No. 1 Harvey N. Shepard . July 8, 1848, Boston Lawyer . 1881. William J. Burke . Nov. 18, 1837, St. John, N.B. . Steam-boiler Maker. 1879. Joseph P. Hamlin . 1832, Sidney, Me. Real Estate 1881. (O

1st Year Native Place. Occupation. DISTRICTS. REPRESENTATIVES. Date of BirUi. in Leg.

SUFFOLK CO. • Con. Henry Lyon Boston Dec. 16,1814, Needham . Retired . 1881 No. 3 James White . Jan. 20, 1831, Ireland Tailor 1881 4 Augustus W. Stover, Dec. 17, 1834, Charlestown Grocer 1880 Dennis G. Quirk Aug. 7, 1836, St. John, N.B. Calker & Graver 1877 5 John Reade 1828, Ireland Undertaker 1881 Patrick F. Mahoney, Feb. 5, 1847, Boston Glass-cutter 1880 6 Thomas McCullougli, June, 1840, Ireland Painter . 1881 Peter Cannon . June 25, 1826, (t Trader 1880 î> 7 Alex. B. McGahey Mar. 30,1855, Boston Liquor Dealer . 1881 •t) Frank Gargan . Dec., 1846, Lawyer . 1878 M 8 Owen A. Galvin June 21, 1852, Lawyer . 1881 S! James M. Bugbee Dec. 17, 1837, Perry, Me Writer . 1S80 ü 9 John F. Andrew Nov. 26, 1850, Ilingham Lawyer . 1880 HH Henry H. Sprague Aug. 1,1841, Athol Lawyer . 1881 >4 10 Increase E. Noyes Mar. 26,1834, Jay, Me. Merchant 1880 Hamilton A. Hill Apr. 14, 1827, London, Eng. . Retired Merchant 1878 11 John G. Webster Apr. 8,1811, Portsmouth, N.H, Dealer in Leather 1857 Patrick F. McDonald, July 10,1852, Boston Iron Merchant 1881 12 Jere. H. Mullane August, 1852, Wholesale Liquors 1880 James A. McGeough, June 15, 1851, Ireland Lawyer . 1879 13 Cornelius F. Cronin, July 25, 1851, Cork, Ireland . Lawyer . 1881 Charles J. Noyes Aug. 7, 1841, Haverhill . Lawyer . 1866 14 Arthur II. Wilson . Aug. 18, 1839, Paxton Physician 1881 Frank A. Clapp Nov. 5, 1839, South Scituate . Rubber Manufactu'r, 18S0 George W. Bail Dec. 20,1832, Boston Wood & Coal Dealer, 1880 Joseph H. O'Neil Mar. 23, 1853, Fall River Carpenter . . 1878. Abraham J. Lamb July 27, 1844, Boston Provision Dealer . 1881. John Q. A. Brackett June 8, 1842, Bradford, N.H. Lawyer . . . 1877. 17 Zen as E. Smith June 30, 1822, Buckland . Carpenter . . 1880. Edward P. Brown Feb. 8, 1840, Rehoboth . Lawyer . . . 1881. 18 George E. Learnard May 15,1830, Boston Mercantile . . 1881. John Joyce May 8, 1837, London, Eng. . Currier . . . 1879. 19 Thomas Fay, jun. Apr. 9,1853, Roxbury . Liquor Business . 1881. John F. Dever May 22, 1853, Boston Clerk . . . 1880. 20 Timothy A. Murphy 1842, a Merchant . . 1881. Arthur W. Tufts Feb. 20, 1828, Charlestown 1879. 21 Benj. C. Tinkham Oct. 7, 1827, Middleborough . Contractor . . 1881. Jan. 12, 1844, 22 Francis B. Kelly Ireland Painter . . .1881. > Edward P. Butler Mar. 8, 1838, Boston Coal Business . . 1881. 23 Levi L. Willcutt Mar. 8, 1826, Manufacturer . . 1881. H Martin L. Bradford Feb. 12, 1821, Merchant . . 1880. 24 George L. Burt Nov. 3, 1829, Walpole, N.H. Carpenter & Builder, 1880. a May 11, 1836, 25 George B. Livermorf Brighton . 1880. Ö Thomas B. Jones Dec. 24, 1839, I hH Chelsea Quincy Furniture Dealer . 1880. X Joseph W. Stickney <( Nov. 5, 1833, Hallowell, Me. Manufacturer . . 1881. 26 Nov. 3, 1838, Thomas Floyd Winthrop Chelsea Farmer . . . 1871.

WORCESTER COUNTY. No. 1 Leonard T. Gaskill Blackstone Jan. 3, 1843, Mendon . Butcher . . . 1881 Silas W. Hale . Milford . Sept. 13, 1842, Stowe Princ'lof High Sch'l, 1881 2 Charles W. Wilcox (t June 26, 1836, Brookfield, Vt. . Jeweller . . .1881 George F. Searles Northbridge . Sept. 27, 1832, Sutton Merchant . . 1881 William T. Forbes Westborough, May 24, 1850, Westborough . Attorney-at-law . 1881 Edward G. Stevens Clinton . June 27, 1847, Lancaster . Insurance Agent . 1881 William H. Burpee Sterling Mar. 7, 1844, Sterling . Farmer . . . 1881

CO 1st Year Occupation. REPRESENTATIVES. Date of Birth. Native Place. in Leg.

WORCESTER CO. — Con. George F. Fay Fitchburg 1828, Warwick . Paper Manufacturer, Joseph A. Tufts tt Jan. 25, 1835, Fitchburg Retired . Giles H. Whitney . Winchendon . Jan. 18, 1818, Boston Lawyer . J. Hervey Miller Westminster . Feb. 11, 1832, Westminste Farmer & Mechanic Ira Y. Kendall Athol . Dec. 25, 1831, Athol Boot & Shoe Manuf Otis D. Sawin . Templeton Apr. 18, 1834, Gardner . Book-keeper . Thomas P. Root Barre July 8, 1824, Greenwich Farmer . William F. Holman, Leicester June 11, 1827, Millbury . Retired . George A. Parratt . W. Brookfield, Aug. 29, 1821, Sturbridge Boot Manufacturer George M. Newton2, Warren . Apr. 25, 1840, Worcester Merchant Lucien M. Gilbert2 . Samuel C. Hartwell, Soutlibridge . Mar. 28, 1820, Southbridge Physician Isaac L. Prouty Spencer Jan. 30, 1831, Spencer Boot Manufacturer John J. Love . Webster Aug. 15, 1850, Ireland Marble & Granite Levi L. Whitney Millbury Jan. 20,1838, Princeton Manufacturer . Henry O. Sawyer W. Boylston . June 10, 1844, Berlin Merchant Dwight B. Look Leominster . Apr. 19, 1820, Conway Manufacturer . Aaron G. Walker . Worcester Jan. 12, 1815, Ilopkinton Boot Manufacturer M. Y. B. Jefferson . May 19, 1833, Uxbridge Woollen Manufact'i Eugene M. Moriarty, Apr. 15,1849, Ireland Newspaper Corresp' Francis Plunkett 1840, Attorney-at-law James H. Mellen Nov. 7, 1845, Worcester Moulder . Asaph R. Marshall . June 1, 1823, Hillsbor'gh, N.H. Com. Merchant Edwin Ames . Jan. 8, 1825, Hardwick. Contractor & Builder, William L. Clark . Dec. 29, 1819, Worcester Retired Merchant .

Senate. 2 Mr. Newton died Jan. 23, 1881. Mr. Gilbert was elected in his place. OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE.

1st Year Occupation. NAME AND OFFICE. Residence. Date of Bicth. in Office.

Lowell . Aug. 9, 1839 . Editor . 1874. Clergyman 1879. Daniel W. Waldron, Chaplain 1838 . 1875. Oreb F. Mitchell, Sergeant-at-Arms .... Bridgewater .

a

Of [No. 3.]

RULES AND ORDERS OF THE SENATE.

i ]sr d e x.

The President, rules 1 to 6. Members of the Senate, rules 7 and 8. Committees, rules 9 to 12. Form of bills and resolves, rule 13. Introduction of business, rules 14 to 17. Course of proceedings, rules 18 to 23. Orders of the day, rules 24 to 26. Rules of debate, rules 27 to 41. Motions, rules 31 to 38. Voting, rules 39 to 41. Elections by ballot, rule 42. Senate Library, rule 43. Reporters, rule 44. Senate Chamber and adjoining rooms, rules 45 and 46. Parliamentary practice, rule 47. Alteration, suspension or repeal of rules, rule 48.

RULES AND ORDERS. [The dates under each rule indicate the years of their adoption, and amendments thereto. The date 1817 denotes the time that the several rules, against which it is placed, were first preserved, as, previous to that year, they are not to be found, although, from the Senate Journal, it appears that they were printed. Rule 32 was adopted in 1825. If any others were adopted between 1821 and 1826, no record can be found. Numbers enclosed in brackets following rule number indicate corre- sponding Rules of the House.] The President.

RULE 1. [1.] The President shall take the chair every day at the hour to which the Senate stands adjourned, shall call the members to order, and, on the appearance of a quorum, shall proceed to business. [1831.] ROLE 2. [2, 5.] He shall preserve order and decorum, may speak to points of order in preference to other members, and shall decide all questions of order subject to an appeal. He shall rise to put a question, or to address the Senate, but may read sitting. [1817; between 1821 and 1826; 1831.] RULE 3. [4.] The President may vote on all questions. [1826.] RULE 4. [72.] When two or more members rise at once, the President shall designate which of them shall be entitled to the floor. [1831.] RULE 5. [7.] The President shall have the right to ap- point a member to perform the duties of the chair, but such appointment shall not extend beyond three days. [1831 ; 1862 ; 1865.] RULE 6. [8.] In case of a vacancy in the office of Presi- dent, or in case the President, or the member substituted by him in accordance with Rule 5, is absent at the hour designated in Rule 1, the senior member present shall call the Senate to order, and shall preside until a President or a President pro tempore is elected by ballot, which shall be the first business of the Senate. [1831.] Members of the Senate.

RULE 7. [61.] No member shall be permitted to vote or serve on any committee on a question where his private right is immediately concerned, distinct from the public interest. [1855.] RULE 8. No member shall absent himself from the Senate without leave, unless there is a quorum without his presence. [1817.] Committees.

RULE 9. [21.] The following standing committees shall be appointed at the commencement of the first session, to wit : — a committee on the Judiciarj'; a committee on Bills in the Third Reading; And each of these committees shall consist of five members, a committee on Matters of Probate and Chancery ; a committee on the Treasury ; a committee on Engrossed Bills ; a committee on Leave of Absence ; And each of these committees shall consist of three members. [1831; 1836; 1840; 1844; 1847; 1863; 1864; 1870; 1876.] [As to the duties of the committee on Bills in the Third Beading, see Rule 21.] [As to the duties of the committee on Engrossed Bills, see Rule 22.]

ROLE 10. [22, 23.] All committees shall be appointed by the President, unless otherwise specialty directed by the Senate ; and the person first named shall be chairman. In all elections of committees by ballot, the person having the highest number of votes shall act as chairman.

[1817; between 1821 and 1826; 1831.] RULE 11. [98.] No committee shall be allowed to occupy the Senate Chamber without leave of the Senate. [1836; 1863.] RULE 12. [30.] No bill or resolve affecting the rights of individuals, or of private or municipal corporations, or of the Commonwealth, otherwise than as it affects generally the people of the whole Commonwealth, shall be reported by a committee, unless it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the committee that notice has been given, by public advertise- ment or otherwise, to all parties interested, without expense to the Commonwealth; or unless evidence satisfactoiy to the com- mittee is produced that the parties interested have in writing waived notice.

[As to disqualification hy reason of interest, see Bule 7.] [As to what information may be required of Senators introducing orders of inquiry, see Bule 15.] Form of Bills and Resolves.

RULE 13. [40.] All bills and resolves shall be written in a fair, legible hand, without interlineations, oil not less than one sheet of paper, with suitable margins and spaces between the several sections or resolves. Bills amending existing laws, shall not provide for striking words from, or inserting words in, such laws, unless such course is the best calculated to show clearly the subject and nature of the amendment. No repealed law, and no part of any repealed law, shall be re-enacted by reference merely. [1844; 1857.]

Introduction of Business.

RULE 14. [35.] Every member presenting a petition, me- morial, or remonstrance, shall indorse his name thereon, and, in the filing thereof, state briefly the nature and object of the instrument; and the reading of the same shall be dispensed with, unless specially ordered by the Senate. [1831.] RULE 15. [38.] It shall be the duty of every member of the Senate, who moves that any standing committee be in- structed to inquire into the expediency of amending an existing law, to point out to such committee, in writing, the amendment which he deems expedient, and to furnish a written statement of the facts and authorities in favor thereof to such committee, if by them required. [1858.] RULE 16. [45.] No bill or resolve shall be introduced by a member without special leave ; and all bills and resolves when so introduced shall be committed before they are passed to a second reading. RULE 17. [46.] No bill affecting directly the legal rights of individuals or corporations, otherwise than as it affects gen- erally the interests of the whole people of the Commonwealth, or the cities or towns to which it specifically applies, shall be pro- posed or introduced, by amendment or otherwise, except by report of a committee, upon petition duly presented and re- ferred. [1875.] 57 Course of Proceedings.

RULE 18. [43.] All bills and resolves from the House of Representatives, after they are read a first time, shall be com- mitted to a committee of the Senate, except when said bills or resolves have been reported by a joint committee. [1825.] RULE 19. [42.] All bills and resolves involving the ex- penditure of public money shall, after the first reading, be referred in course, to the committee on the Treasury, whose duty it shall be to report on their relation to the finances of the Commonwealth. [1871.] RULE 20. [49, 54, 56.] No bill or resolve, or substitute therefor, shall pass to be engrossed without three readings on three several days. Bills and resolves in the first reading shall be read by their titles, unless otherwise ordered ; and bills and resolves in the second and third readings shall be made the order of the day for the day next succeeding that on which leave has been given to read them a second or third time, and the President shall order them accordingly.

RULE 21. [27, 48.] All bills and resolves in the third reading shall be committed to the committee on Bills in the Third Reading, whose duty it shall be to ascertain their rela- tions to the Constitution and any existing laws upon the same subject-matter, and to see that all such bills and resolves are correct in form. [1817; 1836.] RULE 22. [28, 50, 52.] All engrossed bills and resolves shall be committed to the standing committee on Engrossed Bills, whose duty it shall be carefully to compare the same with the bill as passed to be engrossed ; and if found by them to be rightly and truly engrossed, they shall so indorse on the envelope thereof; and the final question shall be taken thereon without any further reading, unless, on motion of any member, a majority of the Senate shall be in favor of reading the same as engrossed. [1817; 1831.] [Engrossed bills or resolves cannot be amended. See Eule 35.]

RULE 23. [15.] Bills, resolves, and other papers, in refer- ence to which an}- member has a right to move a reconsideration (except petitions, enacted bills, orders of inquiry, and orders of notice), shall remain in the possession of the Clerk until the right of reconsideration has expired : provided, that the opera- tion of this rule shall be suspended during the last week of the session.

[1855; 1856; 1875.]

Orders of the Day.

RULE 24. [58.] The unfinished business in which the Senate was engaged at the time of the last adjournment shall have the preference in the Orders of the Day next after motions to reconsider.

[1830; 1870.] RULE 25. [55.] Reports of committees, except such as do not propose final action, and reports of committees of Confer- ence, shall, unless otherwise specially ordered, be placed in the Orders of the Day next succeeding that on which they are pre- sented to the Senate.

[1845; 1853.]

[Bills and resolves ordered to a second or third reading are placed in orders for next day. See Rule 20.]

ROLE 26. Matters in the Orders of the Day not giving rise to any motion or debate shall be first disposed of in their order ; then the remaining matters shall be considered in like order, and disposed of; and such as are by vote then passed over, shall go to the foot of the list, and shall not be considered till the next day.

[1817; 1836; 1841; 1859; 1878.]

Rules of Debate.

RULE 27. [71.] Every member, when he speaks, shall stand in his pilace and address the President. [1817; 1831 ; 1871.] RULE 28. [74.] No member shall speak more than once on one question, to the prevention of any other who has not spoken and is desirous to speak, nor more than twice without obtaining leave of the Senate.

[1817.] RULE 29. [73.] No member speaking shall be interrupted by another, but by rising to call to order. [1817; 1831.] RULE 30. After a question is put to vote, no member shall speak to it. [1817.]

Motions.

RULE 31. [75.] Any motion shall be reduced to writing, if the President so direct. [1817; 1844; 1871.] RULE 32. [89.] A question containing two or more prop- ositions, capable of division, shall be divided whenever desired by any member. A motion to strike out and insert shall be deemed indivisible. But a motion to strike out, being lost, shall neither preclude amendment nor a motion to strike out and insert. [1817; 1841.] RULE 33. [78.] When a question is under debate, the President shall receive no motion but to adjourn, to proceed to the consideration of the special assignment, to lay on the table, to postpone to a day certain, to commit, to amend, to refer to the next General Court, or to postpone indefinitely, which several motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand. [Between 1821 and 1826 ; 1831; 1844; 1870.] RULE 34. [86.] When a motion is made to commit any subject, and different committees are proposed, the question shall be taken in the following order: A standing committee of the Senate, a select committee of the Senate, a joint standing committee, a joint select committee. [1844.] RULE 35. [51.] No engrossed bill or resolve shall be amended. [1837.] RULE 36, [67, 77.] The motions to adjourn, to lay on the table, to take from the table, and for the yeas and nays, shall be decided without debate. [1817; 1859; 1870; 1874.] RULE 37. [68, 69.] When a vote has passed, except on motions specified in Rule 36, it shall be in order for any mem- ber to move a reconsideration thereof, on the same or the suc- ceeding day; and such motion, if made on the same day, shall be placed first in the Orders of the Day for the day succeeding that on which it is made ; but, if first moved on such succeeding day, it shall be forthwith considered ; and, when a motion for reconsideration is decided, that vote shall not be reconsidered: provided, however, that a motion to reconsider a vote, upon any collateral matter, shall not remove the main subject under con- sideration from before the Senate, but shall be considered at the time when it is made. [1817; between 1821 and 1826; 1858.] [See Rule 23.] RULE 38. [47.] When any measure has been finally re- jected, it shall not be revived, except by reconsideration ; and no measure, substantially the same, shall be introduced during the session. [1817; dispensed with in 1831, and revived in 1838; amended in 1841 ; 1844 ; 1877.]

Voting:

RULE 39. [3, 64.] The President shall declare all votes; but, if any member rises to doubt a vote, the President shall order a return of the number voting in the affirmative, and in the negative, without further debate. [1831.] RULE 40. [66.] When any member moves that a question be taken by yeas and nays, the President shall take the sense of the Senate in that manner, provided one-fifth of the mem- bers present, so direct. [1817; 1852.] RULE 41. [62, 66.] Whenever a question is taken by yeas and nays, the Clerk shall call the names of all the members, except the President, in alphabetical order; and every member present shall answer to his name, unless excused before the vote is taken ; and no member shall be permitted to vote after the decision is announced from the chair. [1837; 1844.] [As to disqualification b3" reason of interest, see Rule 7.] Elections by Ballot.

RULE 42. [94.] In all elections by ballot, a time shall be assigned for such election, at least, one day previous thereto. [1831.]

Senate Library.

RULE 43. The books belonging to the Senate Chamber shall be in the care of the clerk, who shall keep an accurate list thereof; and no book shall be taken from the Senate Chamber bj- any person, without giving notice thereof to the Clerk, who shall enter, in a book to be kept by him, the name of the book, and the name of the person taking the same. [1837.]

Reporters.

ROLE 44. Seats for reporters shall be numbered, and as- signed by lot, under the direction of the Clerk of the Senate. [1847.]

The Senate Chamber and adjoining Rooms.

RULE 45. [97.] No person not a member of the Senate shall be allowed to sit at the Senate table while the Senate is in session. [1853.] [Committees cannot use Senate Chamber without permission. See Rule 11.]

RULE 46. No person, other than members of the legislative and executive departments of the State government, and past members of the Senate, shall be allowed to be present in the Clerk's room, or the room intervening between that and the Senate Chamber, while the Senate is in session, or during the fif- teen minutes immediately preceding any session. [1870; 1875.]

Parliamentary Practice.

RULE 47. The rules of Parliamentary Practice comprised in Cushing's Manual, ancl the Principles of Parliamentary Law set forth in Cushing's larger work, shall govern the Senate in all cases to which they are applicable, and in which they are not inconsistent with the Standing Rules and Orders of the Senate, or the Joint Rules of the two branches of the Legislature. [1847; 1858.]

Alteration, Suspension or Repeal of Rules.

RULE 48. [100.] Any Rule or Order, except the twenty- first, may be altered, suspended or rescinded, two-thirds of the members present consenting thereto. [1817; 1841 ; 1848.] [No. 4.]

JOINT RULES AND ORDERS

OF THE

TWO BRANCHES.

I K" D E X.

[This Schedule of Rules and Orders was adopted Jan. 26, 1881.] RULE 1. List of joint standing committees—No member of either branch to act as counsel before any committee. RULE 2. Joint committees, how they may report. Reports on subjects referred to them from standing committees of either branch, to be made in the House where such reference is made. RULE 3. Reports of joint committees may be recommitted by either branch, except, etc. — All reports, after recommitment, to be made to the branch which ordered the same. RULE 4. How bills and resolves shall be written. RULE 5. "Leave to withdraw" or "inexpedient to legislate" to be reported on applications for legislation which can be secured under exist- ing laws; or a general law to be reported on a special application, when not incompatible with public interest. RULE 6. Concerning reports on petitions, notice of the presentation of which has not been given. RULE 7. Concerning the printing, binding and distribution of docu- ments. RULE 8. Limit of time allowed for reports of committees. RULE 9. Bills and resolves affecting rights of individuals or corpora- tions not to be introduced, except upon petition. RULE 10. New business to be referred to next General Court after first "Wednesday of February. RULE 11. Committees of Conference. RULE 12. Amendment to reports of joint committees to be indorsed thereon. RULE 13. Papers on their passage between the two branches to be under signature of the Clerks, except, etc. — Messages from one branch to the other. RULE 14. Engrossed bills, and bills ordered to be engrossed. RULE 15. When petitions, memorials, bills, resolves or orders originat- ing in one branch are adversely acted on in the other, notice to be sent, etc. RULE 10. Certificate on enacted bills as to the branch in which they originated; Clerk of Senate to send enacted bills to Governor, etc. RULE 17. Resolves and other papers to be approved by Governor, to be treated like bills. RULE 18. Resolves proposing amendments to Constitution to have three readings, —yeas and nays to be called on agreeing to same. RULE 19. President of the Senate to preside in Joint Conventions — Conventions to be held in the Representatives' Chamber —Clerk of the Senate to be Clerk of Conventions. RULE 20. An agreement to go into a Convention not to be altered or annulled, unless, etc. RULE 21. Restriction as to business of Conventions. RULE 22. Elections by joint ballot; time to be assigned therefor. RULE 23. Convention for election of Senator under Act of Congress; rule governing, etc.

Committees.

RULE 1. The folio wins; joint standing committees shall be appointed at the commencement of the January session, viz. : — a committee on Agriculture ; a committee on Banks and Banking ; a committee on Claims ; a committee on Education ; a committee on Expenditures ; a committee on Federal Relations ; a committee on the Fisheries ; a committee on Harbors and Public Lands ; a committee on Insurance ; a committee on Labor ; a committee on the Librarj' ; a committee on Manufactures ; a committee on Mercantile Affairs ; a committee on Militar}' Affairs ; a committee on Parishes and Religious Societies ; a committee on Printing ; a committee on Prisons ; a committee on Public Charitable Institutions ; a committee on Railroads ; a committee on Roads and Bridges ; a committee on the State House ; a committee on Street Railways ; a committee on Taxation ; a committee on Towns ; a committee on Public Health. And each of said committees shall consist of three on the 58 part of the Senate, and eight on the part of the House, except the committee on Railroads, which shall consist of four mem- bers on the part of the Senate and eleven on the part of the House ; and except also the committee on Expenditures, which shall consist of the committee on the Treasury of the Senate, and the committee 011 Finance of the House. No member of either branch shall act as counsel for any party before any committee of the Legislature. RULE 2. Joint committees may report by bill, resolve or otherwise, to either branch, at their discretion; except that when a report is made from any committee to either branch, and the subject-matter thereof is subsequently referred therein to a joint committee, such committee shall report its action to the branch in which the original report was made. [See also next rule.]

RULE 3. Reports of joint committees may be recommitted to the same committees at the pleasure of the branch first acting thereon, and bills or resolves may be recommitted in either branch. A concurrent vote shall, however, be necessary for the recommitment of such reports, bills or resolves, with instructions. After recommitment, report shall, in all cases, be made to the branch originating the recommitment.

RULE 4. Bills and resolves reported by joint committees shall be fairly written in a legible hand, without material era- sure or interlineation, on not less than one sheet of paper, with suitable margins, and spaces between the several sections, dates and numbers being written in words at length. RULE 5. Whenever, upou any application for an act of in- corporation or other special legislation, the purpose for which such legislation is sought can be secured without detriment to the public interests by a general law or under existing laws, the committee to which the matter is referred shall report such general law, or "leave to withdraw," or "inexpedient to legislate."

Notice to Parties Interested.

RULE 6. No bill or resolve affecting the rights of indi- viduals, or or private or municipal corporations, or of the Commonwealth, otherwise than it affects generally the people of the whole Commonwealth, shall be reported by a committee, unless it is made to appear to the satisfaction of the committee that notice has been given, by public advertisement or other- wise, to all parties interested, without expense to the Common- wealth ; or unless evidence satisfactory to the committee is produced that the parties interested have in writing waived notice.

Printing and Distribution of Documents.

RULE 7. The committee on Printing may make regulations for the distribution of all documents printed or assigned for the use of the Legislature not otherwise disposed of, such regula- tions to be reported to and subject to the order of the two branches. Under the general order to print a report, bill or other docu- ment, the number printed shall be nine hundred. Leave to report in print shall not be construed to authorize the printing of extended reports of evidence. No printing, except as aforesaid, and no binding or engrav- ing, shall be ordered, except upon the report of the joint com- mittee on Printing, accepted by the Legislature. Bills, reports and other documents, printed under the general order of either branch, shall be distributed as follows, to wit: Two copies to each member of the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives (to be placed on his file under the direction of the Sergeant-at-Arms, if desired by the member) ; three copies to each clerk in either branch, and three copies to each reporter in regular attendance, to whom a seat has been assigned in either branch ; twenty copies to the Executive ; twenty copies to the Secretary's Office ; six copies to the State Library ; and when the document is the report of a committee, ten copies shall be assigned to the committee making the report. The Sergeant-at-Arms shall preserve as many as may be necessaiy for the permanent files to be placed in the lobbies, and dis- tribute the remainder under such regulations as may be pre- scribed by said joint committee.

Limit of Time Allowed for Reports of Committees.

RULE 8. Joint committees shall make final report upon all matters previously referred to them, on or before the first Wednesday in March, unless further time is granted for cause. Introduction of Business.

RULE 9. No bill or resolve affecting directly the legal rights of individuals or corporations, otherwise than as it affects gen- erally the interests of the people of the whole Commonwealth, or of the cities or towns to which it specifically applies, shall be proposed or introduced, by amendment or otherwise, except by report of a committee, upon petition duly presented and re- ferred. Objection to the violation of this rule may be taken at anj' stage prior to that of the third reading.

Limit of Time allowed for New Business.

RULE 10. Petitions, memorials, applications and all other subjects of legislation proposed or introduced after the first Wednesday of February, shall be referred to the next General Court. This rule shall not be rescinded, amended or sus- pended, except by a concurrent vote of four-fifths of the mem- bers of each branch present and voting thereon.

Committees of Conference.

RULE 11. Committees of Conference shall consist of three members on the part of each branch, representing its vote; and their report, if agreed to by a majority of each committee, shall be made to the branch asking the conference, and may be either accepted or rejected, but no other action shall be had, except through a new committee of Conference.

Duties of the Clerks.

RULE 12. If any part of the report of a committee over the signature of the chairman or members of the committee is amended in either branch, the Clerk of that branch shall indorse upon the report such amendment.

RULE 13. All papers, while on their passage between the two branches, may be under the signature of the respective Clerks, except bills and resolves in their fast stage. Messages may be sent by such persons as each branch may direct. RULE 14. After bills have passed both branches to be en- grossed, they shall be in the charge of the Clerks of the two branches, who shall deliver the same to the Secretary of the Commonwealth, to be engrossed in the manner prescribed by law ; and, when engrossed, the said Clerks shall forthwith de- liver the same to the committee of the House of Representa- tives on Engrossed Bills; and, when the same have passed to be enacted in that House, they shall, in like manner, be delivered to the committee of the Senate on Engrossed Bills.

RULE 15. If any petition, memorial, bill, resolve or order, presented or originating in one branch, is adversely acted upon in the other, notice thereof shall be given, under the signature of the Clerk, to the branch in which the same originated.

RULE 16. The clerk of the branch in which a bill originated shall make an indorsement thereon, certifying in which branch the same originated, which indorsement shall be entered on the journals by the clerks respectively. After said bills have passed both branches to be enacted, the Clerk of the Senate shall lay them before the Governor for his approbation, and shall enter upon the journal of the Senate the day on which the same were laid before the Governor.

RULE 17. All resolves and other papers which are to be presented to the Governor for his approbation, shall be laid before him in the same manner as is prescribed in the case of bills.

Constitutional Amendments.

RULE 18. All resolves proposing amendments of the Con- stitution shall have three several readings in each branch, and the final question upon agreeing to the same shall be taken by yeas and na}-s.

Joint Conventions.

RULE 19. The President of the Senate shall preside in Con- ventions of the two branches, and such Conventions shall be holden in the Representatives' Chamber ; the Clerk of the Sen- ate shall be Clerk of the Convention, and a record of the pro- ceedings of the Convention shall be entered at large on the journals of both branches.

RULE 20. When an agreement has been made by the two branches to go into Convention, such agreement shall not be altered or annulled, except by concurrent vote. RULE 21. No business shall be entered on, in Convention, other than that which may be agreed on before the Convention is formed.

Joint Elections.

RULE 22. In all elections by joint ballot, a time shall be assigned therefor at least one day previous to such election.

Elections of United States Senators.

RULE 23. The joint assembly required to be held by the statutes of the United States relating to the elections for Sena- tors in Congress, shall be deemed a Convention of the two branches, and the proceedings therein shall be in accordance with the provisions of said statutes. The President of the Con- vention shall receive no motion on any day until one vote for Senator has been taken. After one vote for Senator has been taken, no motion shall be in order except a motion to adjourn, for a recess, or to proceed to vote for Senator ; and these motions shall have precedence in the order of their arrangement and shall be decided without debate. If a motion is made for a recess, and different times are proposed, the question shall first be taken on the most remote time ; and the time shall be determined, but without debate, before the question is put upon taking the recess. On either of the questions permitted by this rule, the sense of the Convention shall be taken by j'eas and nays, whenever required b}' one-fifth of the members present. When the yeas and naj's are taken, the roll of the Convention shall be called in alphabetical order ; and no member shall be allowed to vote who was not on the floor when his name was called, or before the roll-call was finished. The call for the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate.

RULE 24. Any joint rule or order, except the tenth, may be altered, suspended or rescinded, two-thirds of the members present in each branch consenting thereto. [No. 5.]

THE OATH OF OFFICE.

[See page 4.] I, (repeating your name) , do solemnly swear that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and will support the Constitution there- of. So help me, God.

I, , do solemnly swear and affirm that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as a representative, according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the Constitution and laws of this Commonwealth. So help me, God.

I) , do solemnly swear that I will sup- port the Constitution of the United States. So help me, God.

AFFIRMATION. I, (repeating your name) , do solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Common- wealth of Massachusetts, and will support the Constitu- tion thereof. This I do under the pains and penalties of perjury.

I, , do solemnly affirm that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incum- bent on me as a representative, according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the rules and regulations of the Constitution and laws of this Common- wealth. This I do under the pains and penalties of perjury.

I, , do solemnly affirm that I will support the Constitution of the United States. This I do under the pains and penalties of perjury.