Communication Equipment in Emergencies
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.. CommunicationCommunication EquipmentEquipment inin EmergenciesEmergencies Pan American Health Organization 2009 CommunicationCommunication devicesdevices .. SatelliteSatellite devicesdevices .. HFHF radiosradios .. VHFVHF // UHFUHF radiosradios .. GPSGPS // GoogleGoogle EarthEarth ProPro possibilitiespossibilities Pan American Health Organization 2009 SatelliteSatellite communicationcommunication •• IridiumIridium networknetwork •• ThurayaThuraya networknetwork •• Mini-mMini-m •• VoiceVoice andand datadata •• ProPro andand contrascontras Pan American Health Organization 2009 IridiumIridium •• 6666 satellitessatellites •• 66 orbitalorbital planesplanes •• 1111 satellitessatellites // orbitalorbital planeplane •• Inter-satelliteInter-satellite crosscross linkslinks •• 4848 spotspot beamsbeams /satellite/satellite •• GlobalGlobal networknetwork Pan American Health Organization 2009 IridiumIridium CoverageCoverage MapMap Pan American Health Organization 2009 IridiumIridium (cont)(cont) •• BiggerBigger thanthan ThurayasThurayas •• OnlyOnly trulytruly globalglobal satellitesatellite phonephone •• DoDo notnot havehave GSMGSM •• DoDo notnot havehave GPSGPS •• CanCan bebe usedused forfor datadata …… slowslow andand problemsproblems ofof synchronizationsynchronization •• EasyEasy toto useuse -- likelike aa GSMGSM Pan American Health Organization 2009 ThurayaThuraya CoverageCoverage MapMap Pan American Health Organization 2009 ThurayaThuraya •• Doesn’tDoesn’t workwork inin ourour areaarea (Americas),(Americas), onlyonly inin Europe,Europe, AsiaAsia && AfricaAfrica •• SmallSmall pocketpocket satellitesatellite phonephone •• PossibilityPossibility toto useuse thethe GSMGSM ••GP GPSS •• RelativelyRelatively cheapcheap •• ThurayaThuraya toto ThurayaThuraya << 11 usdusd // minmin •• DataData connectionconnection withwith cablecable butbut slowslow (9.6(9.6 kbps)kbps) Pan American Health Organization 2009 InmarsatInmarsat -- DataData communicationcommunication •• ServicesServices areare basedbased onon GEOSTATIGEOSTATIONARYONARY satellitessatellites situatedsituated aboveabove thethe equatorequator •• EachEach SatelliteSatellite coverscovers aa certaincertain areaarea •• DifferentDifferent devicesdevices usingusing thisthis networknetwork –– Mini-mMini-m –– NeraNera –– Bgan:Bgan: ExplorerExplorer 500500 andand HughesHughes 92019201 ––V-Sa V-Satt Pan American Health Organization 2009 InmarsatInmarsat CoverageCoverage MapMap Pan American Health Organization 2009 InmarsatInmarsat CapsatCapsat Mini-mMini-m && NeraNera •• MiniMini mm Capsat,Capsat, mainlymainly forfor voicevoice •• OldOld devices,devices, datadata transfertransfer veryvery slowslow (2,4(2,4 kbps)kbps) •• CallingCalling chargescharges higherhigher thanthan otherother satellitesatellite phonesphones •• Advantage:Advantage: removableremovable lidlid antennaantenna whichwhich cancan bebe placedplaced outsideoutside forfor goodgood receptionreception Pan American Health Organization 2009 BGan:BGan: •• BGAN:BGAN: BroadbandBroadband GlobalGlobal AreaArea NetworkNetwork –– MobileMobile satellitesatellite serviceservice –– ProvidesProvides highhigh speedspeed datadata (492(492 kbps)kbps) –– VoiceVoice telephonytelephony –– E-mailsE-mails andand internetinternet accessaccess Pan American Health Organization 2009 HughesHughes 9201,9201, T&TT&T ExplorerExplorer 500500 Pan American Health Organization 2009 Techn.Techn. Specif.Specif. T&TT&T ExplorerExplorer 500:500: •• BroadbandBroadband mobilemobile terminal:terminal: 1.41.4 kgkg •• IntegratedIntegrated antennaantenna •• ProvidesProvides highhigh speedspeed datadata andand voicevoice communicationcommunication viavia thethe BganBgan •• AdvantagesAdvantages –– ImmediateImmediate deploymentdeployment (no(no needneed ofof computercomputer forfor voice)voice) –– IdealIdeal forfor 22 peoplepeople sharingsharing thethe bandwidthbandwidth –– ProvideProvide e-maile-mail && internetinternet –– DataData speedspeed upup toto 464464 kbpskbps withwith shareshare bandwidthbandwidth –– ConstantConstant streamingstreaming raterate atat 128128 kbpskbps –– RecommendedRecommended asas partpart ofof thethe PersonalPersonal KitKit AdvancedAdvanced Pan American Health Organization 2009 TechnicalTechnical specificationsspecifications HughesHughes 92019201 •• SimultaneousSimultaneous voicevoice && datadata overover bganbgan •• StandardStandard IPIP Data:Data: UpUp toto 492492 kbpskbps (send(send && receive)receive) •• StreamingStreaming IPIP Data:Data: upup toto 256256 kbpskbps •• 2.82.8 kg,kg, sizesize ofof aa portableportable computercomputer •• EthernetEthernet enableenable andand WIFIWIFI (Wireless(Wireless LanLan 802.11802.11 accessaccess )) •• RecommendedRecommended asas partpart ofof thethe ininitialitial ResponseResponse FieldField KitKit toto shareshare withwith upup toto 55 fieldfield workersworkers Pan American Health Organization 2009 LongerLonger termterm possibilitiespossibilities •• Vsat:Vsat: “Very“Very SmallSmall ApertureAperture Terminal”Terminal” –– TransportableTransportable satellitesatellite dedicateddedicated linklink solutionsolution –– ForFor officeoffice upup toto 3030 staffstaff •• InternetInternet accessaccess •• Intranet/extranetIntranet/extranet •• VirtualVirtual PrivatePrivate NetworkNetwork (VPN)(VPN) •• Voice/faxVoice/fax •• VideoVideo teleconferencing…teleconferencing… Pan American Health Organization 2009 VsatVsat (cont)(cont) Pan American Health Organization 2009 HF,HF, VHFVHF && UHFUHF radiosradios •• HF:HF: HighHigh FrequencyFrequency •• VHF:VHF: VeryVery HighHigh FrequencyFrequency •• UHF:UHF: UltraUltra HighHigh FrequencyFrequency •• OnceOnce bought,bought, thethe communicationcommunication withwith thesethese devicesdevices isis FREEFREE •• SecuritySecurity wise,wise, thethe communicationcommunication isis alwaysalways possiblepossible (while(while satellitesatellite accessaccess cancan bebe stopped)stopped) Pan American Health Organization 2009 RadioRadio WavesWaves Pan American Health Organization 2009 VHFVHF && UHFUHF radioradio waveswaves •• DirectDirect wavewave •• ShortShort distancedistance maximummaximum 4040 kmkm ifif nono obstacleobstacle •• ClearClear communication,communication, nono delaydelay inin receptionreception •• CostCost reducedreduced comparedcompared toto HFHF radiosradios Pan American Health Organization 2009 DifferentDifferent VHFVHF && UHFUHF devicesdevices usedused •• Handset:Handset: MotorolaMotorola GPGP 380380 –– TypicalTypical powerpower 55 WattWatt –– LimitedLimited rangerange –– Built-inBuilt-in rechargeablerechargeable batteriesbatteries –– TIP:TIP: NiCadNiCad batteriesbatteries havehave MEMORYMEMORY EFFECTEFFECT -- regularlyregularly unloadedunloaded themthem fullyfully forfor extendedextended life,life, ideallyideally goodgood toto havehave 22 batteriesbatteries –– TIP:TIP: NEVERNEVER TAKETAKE THETHE HANDSETHANDSET BYBY THETHE ANTENNAANTENNA !!!!!! Pan American Health Organization 2009 DifferentDifferent VHFVHF && UHFUHF devicesdevices (cont)(cont) •• MobileMobile stationstation –– UsedUsed inin vehiclesvehicles –– 12v12v carcar batterybattery poweredpowered –– ExternalExternal antennaantenna onon toptop ofof vehiclevehicle ––TIP TIP:: Pan American Health Organization 2009 DifferentDifferent VHFVHF && UHFUHF devicesdevices (cont)(cont) •• BaseBase station:station: –– HighHigh powerpower –– InstalledInstalled inin radioradio roomroom –– 1212 VV batterybattery poweredpowered –– HighHigh positionedpositioned antennaantenna Pan American Health Organization 2009 GPS:GPS: GlobalGlobal PositioningPositioning SystemSystem .. GPSGPS isis fundedfunded andand controlledcontrolled byby thethe U.S.U.S. DepartmentDepartment ofof DefenseDefense (DoD).(DoD). .. WhileWhile therethere areare manymany thousandsthousands ofof civilcivil usersusers ofof GPSGPS world-world- wide,wide, thethe systemsystem waswas designeddesigned foforr andand isis operatedoperated byby thethe U.S.U.S. military.military. Pan American Health Organization 2009 Pan American Health Organization 2009 Pan American Health Organization 2009 SystemSystem LimitationsLimitations •• IntendedIntended errorerror (Department(Department ofof Defense)Defense) •• HasHas toto bebe usedused withwith clearclear andand unobstructedunobstructed viewview ofof thethe skysky –– BuildingsBuildings –– TreesTrees (rain(rain forest,forest, jungle,jungle, …)…) –– CloudsClouds –– DustDust (sand(sand storm,storm, ashash fromfrom volcanicvolcanic eruption,eruption, …)…) •• AltitudeAltitude Pan American Health Organization 2009 PEDPED exploitationexploitation •• PositioningPositioning (security,(security, healthhealth centers)centers) •• NavigationNavigation (go(go to)to) •• MappingMapping (refugees(refugees camp,camp, affectedaffected areas)areas) •• ReliefRelief profileprofile (water(water source)source) Pan American Health Organization 2009 Pan American Health Organization 2009 GettingGetting startedstarted Pan American Health Organization 2009 AcquiringAcquiring satellitessatellites JustJust waitwait ….…. Pan American Health Organization 2009 •• AccuracyAccuracy •• CoordinatesCoordinates •• SatellitesSatellites statusstatus Pan American Health Organization 2009 ImportantImportant SetupSetup •• TheThe WorldWorld GeodeticGeodetic SystemSystem WGS84WGS84 (or(or WGS1984)WGS1984) definesdefines aa referencereference frameframe forfor thethe earth.earth. •• LatitudeLatitude (Horizontal(Horizontal NN oror SS fromfrom 00 toto 90°)90°) RefRef == EquatorEquator •• LongitudeLongitude (vertical(vertical EE oror WW fromfrom 00 toto 180°)180°) refref == GreenwichGreenwich