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The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes

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The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes A^^fy Part III. of Volume II. will be published on May 75, igo^. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes Being the Account of the Work carried on and of the Collections made by an Expedition during the years 1899 ^^^ 1900 Edited by J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College and late Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. VOLUME II. PART II. With Plates XXXV—XLVIII and Text-Illustrations 120—126. Cambridge : at the University Press. London : C. J. Clay and Sons, Cambridge University Press Warehouse, Ave Maria Lane. Q ^^^^^^ ,{ 115 ". p T o Price Fifteen Shillings net. V.2 pt. 2 The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes VOLUME II. PART II. Hontion: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MAMA LANE, AND H. K. LEWIS, 136, GOWER STREET, W.C. M The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes Being the Account of the Work carried on and of the Collections made by an Expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 Edited by J. Stanley Gardiner, M.A. Fellow of Gonville and Caius College and late Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. VOLUME II. PART II. With Plates XXXV—XLVIII and Text-Illustrations 120—126. Cambridge : at the University Press. 1903 : CAMBRIDGE PRINTED BY J. AND C. F. CLAY, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. PAKT II. Reports. PAGE 1. Marine Mollusca. With Plates XXXV and XXXVI . 589 By Edgar A. Smith, I.S.O. 2. The Enteropneusta. With Plates XXXVII—XLVI and Text- Figs. 120 and 121 631 By R. C. PuNNETT, M.A. 3. Marine Crustaceans. X. The Spider-Crabs (Oxyrhyncha). XI. On the Classification and Genealogy of the Reptant Decapods. With Plates XLVII and XLVIII and Text-Figs. 122—126 . 681 By L. A. BORRADAILE, M.A. MARINE MOLLUSCA. By Edgar A. Smith, I.S.O. (With Plates XXXV. and XXXVI.) As the first collection of Marine Mollusca of any importance that has hitherto been obtained at the Maldive Islands, that about to be described is of considerable interest. It consists of about 380 different species and probably comjorises a large proportion of the forms which occur in these islands. That many have escaped notice and will eventually be collected by others is quite certain, but it seems probable that most of the larger species are represented in this collection and that it is only among the smaller and obscurer forms that many additional species will hereafter be discovered. \^ There are, however, certain common and widely distributed species which one would have expected to have been found, notably belonging to the genera Conus, Terebra, Sistrum, Purpura, Nassa, Oliva, Solarium, Truchus and Circe. It is also worthy of remark that certain genera which have representatives in the surrounding seas do not aj^pear to have been met with. Of these I may mention Fasciolaria, Rissoa, Patella, Eulinia, Hydatina, Aplysia, Umbraculiim and Mytilus. As might be expected the fauna is similar to that of other islands in the Indian Ocean, many of the species occurring in Ceylon, Mauritius, Madagascar, the Amirantes, Seychelles, and a great many ranging as far north as the Red Sea and Persian Gulf Rather more than a seventh of the forms have been recorded from the Andamans, and probably many others occur at these and the neighbouring Nicobar group. It is well known that great numbers of marine molluscs have a very wide range, and therefore it is not surprising that many, in fact about three-fourths, of the Maldive shells are kno\vn to occur in the seas surrounding the Philippine Islands and the Malay Archipelago, and still further north about one-fourth of the species have been recorded from the islands of Japan. In the Pacific, from the East coast of Australia to the Loyalty Islands and Polynesia, rather over three-sevenths of the Maldive species have been recorded, many of them ranging all over both the Indian Ocean and the Malay region also. About one-third of the species are known from Ceylon, but doubtless many more occur there, although they may not have been recorded. About 177 species have been found at the Mauritius, the fauna of which has been more extensively worked than that of the Seychelles. With regard to the general distribution of the species about to be recorded, it is curious to observe that a larger projjortion of them have previously been noted from the China Sea eastward and in the Pacific, than in the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf The following table shows at a glance the distribution of the species as far as the writer has been able to ascertain without a very exhaustive search. The column under Malaysia includes species which occur in the China Sea, the Philippine Islands, Malay Archipelago, N. Australia, New Guinea, and as far east as the Solomon Islands. Under Pol\Tiesia are indicated the species which are met with either in E. Australia or at the Loyalty Islands, or at the various groups of islands of Polynesia. G. II. 76 .. 590 EDGAR A. SMITH. t3 a s cd (D 60 CO ^ a o -73 a <! Solidula glabra ,, nitidula + + „ solidula + + „ tessellata + Bulla ampulla + + + + Alys cylindrica + + + + „ naucum + + + „ succisa + Volvatella cincta + Oxynoe delicatula + Cryptophthalmus minikoiensis, n. sp. Conus arenatus + + + + „ betulinus + + + + + ,, catns + + + + „ ceylanensis + + „ censors ,, dista7is + ,, eburiieus + + , , ermineus „ flavidiis + + + + + „ generalis + + + + + „ glans + + + + „ hebrams + + + + + + + „ lividus + + + + + + + „ miles + + + + + + + + ,, minimus + + „ nussatella + + + + + + ,, pennaceus .. + + „ qucrcinus .. + + + „ tendmeus .. + + + + + ,, tessellatus .. + + „ textile + + + + + + „ tulipa + + + „ zonatus + Terebra tuaculata .. + + + + + ,, ditnidiata + + + + + ocnlata + + + + subulata . + + cremdata . + cingulifera + + babylonia... + + monile + MARINE MOLLUSCA. 591 T3 C a O o •c J3 li s 02 O s §? 1^ Terebra iDiihilnta + ,, ojfinis „ cohiiiiellaris ,, hrii(]iiieri ,, amaina ,, violasceiis „ lanceata „ celidonota Pleurotovia armillata „ lijubnta „ tUirina Drillia e.raspenita Clathurella robillardi Daphnella saturata Oliva erythrostoma + + + + Harpa ventricosa + + + + + ,, minor + + + + MaryineHa picturiita + Mitra episcopalis + + + ,, pontificalis + + ,, tessellata „ adustu ,, digitalis + „ crenifera + + „ scabriiiscula + + ,, rarii'nata + ,, ciietiuwrina + ,, fihu'is + ,, insculpta „ interlirata + ,, Uterata + ,, acuminata + ,, auriculoides + ,, exasperata + „ sculptilis „ ueiipicta ,, tiniiigera „ deshayesii ,, angugtissima, n. sp. Gylindra sinensis Latirus craticulatus ,, fastigium Peristernia nassatula — 592 EDGAR A. SMITH. 3 S C3 d S a <2co Leucozonia smaragdula + + + + Cynodonta comigera + + + + + Engina niendicaria + + + + „ bonasia + „ rawsoni + Plios roseatiii + ,, textilis Niissa bifaria + + + + ,, marratii + + „ monile + + + „ stigmarid + + ,, fckiuata + + ,, ghins + ,, granifera „ maldivensis, n. sp. ... mulukuensis, n. sp „ ecstilba „ subtranslxicida, n. sp. „ disparilis, n. sp Columbella compersa flava jaspidea galaxias turtunna + + varians + Murex temispina + + + „ haustellum + „ tripterus ,, aculeatus ,, adustus ,, rubigiiwsitu ,. ramosus ,, salmoiieiis ,, pleurotomoides ,, sithmissiis, n. sp + Pii rpura armigera + ,, l>itnhercularis + ,, hippocastanum + pica + + , , lopan situla + ,, sertmn + + Sistrum digitatuiit + + horridum + + + MAEINE MOLLUSCA. 593 13 a a oj 3 .a a Sistrum ricinus + + + + ,, tuberculatiuit + + „ undatum + + + ,, elatum ,, spinosum ,, hlcoiiiciun „ cavernosum , , iostonia „ squamosum ,, concatenahim „ decussatum Coralliophila monodonta ,, neritoidea „ suturalis „ squamosissinia Leptoconchus ellipticus + ,, ciiiiiingii + Lotorlum chlorostoma + „ gemmatum + ,, pyrum + ,, tuberosum + Colubraria ceylonensis „ obscura ,, bracteata „ digitale Distortrix aims + + + Ranella bufonia + + + + + ,, granifera + + ,, lampas + ,, tuberosissima + ,, thomae + Cassis cornuta + „ ruja + Malea pomum + Dolium costatmn + ,, olearium + + Pirula ficoides + + Cypriea annuhis + + + arabica + + + argus + + + asellus + + caput-serpentis + + + cameola + + + , 594 EDGAR A. SMITH. 3 o s 3° -a a 5j, Mo s Gypr(va caurica + + „ clandestinn + + + „ cribrarin + + + „ erosa + + + + „ felina + + + + „ gangrenosa + + ,, globulus + + + + +' ,, hclvola + + + „ liinmdo + + + + ,, Isabella + + + + ,, laniarckii + + + „ liin.v + + + + + + ,, mauritiana + + + + + + ,, minoridens + + + ,, moneta + + + + , , poraria + + + + ,, staphylcea + + + + + , talpa + , + + + + + , tigris + + + , + + + + ,, vitellus + + + + + + + „ walkeri + + ,, ziczac + Trivia ^'^Huoidula + Strombus dentatus floridus + + , ,, gibberulus ..._ + + + „ labiosus + + ,, lentiginosus + + ,, guttatiis + ,, lamarckii + + Pterocera lambis + + ,, chiragra + + Terebellum terebellum + + Triforis corrugatns + „ elegans + „ sculptits + „ liiaceocinctus, n. sp. „ excellens, n. sp ,, gracilis, n. sp ,, ^JM7-a, n. sp Vertagus articulatus + ,, fasciatus + „ kochi + + MARINE MOLLUSCA. 595 !^ S 13- % a 35 CJ < Vertariux obi'liscu^ + + Cerithiiim columna + + ,, echinatum + „ lacteum + ,, piperitmn „ salebromim ,, tiiberculahim .. „ alhovaricosum.. Terehralia palustris + Modulus tectum + Planaxis ineptus .. Littorina glahrata + + ,, scahra + + + ,, undulata + Solarium moclestum Philippia cinguhim Nitrularia cicatricosa .... ,, equestris Sippomjx danieli „ avstralis + + Thyca crystalUna . Xenophora indica + Vanicoro canceUata + Natica rohUlardi + ,, luzona + PoUnices mamilla + + ,, albumen + „ melanostoma... + + + ,, simiae + + + lanthina communis + + + Scala replicata „ censors „ texta, n. sp
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