DOCSLIB.ORG

Part 105—Parachute Operations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Part 105—Parachute Operations Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 105.3 PART 105—PARACHUTE (c) Sections 105.5, 105.9, 105.13, 105.15, OPERATIONS 105.17, 105.19 through 105.23, 105.25(a)(1) and 105.27 of this part do not apply to Subpart A—General a parachute operation conducted by a member of an Armed Force— Sec. (1) Over or within a restricted area 105.1 Applicability. when that area is under the control of 105.3 Definitions. an Armed Force. 105.5 General. 105.7 use of alcohol and drugs. (2) During military operations in un- 105.9 Inspections. controlled airspace. Subpart B—Operating Rules § 105.3 Definitions. 105.13 Radio equipment and use require- For the purposes of this part— ments. Approved parachute means a para- 105.15 Information required and notice of chute manufactured under a type cer- cancellation or postponement of a para- tificate or a Technical Standard Order chute operation. (C–23 series), or a personnel-carrying 105.17 Flight visibility and clearance from U.S. military parachute (other than a cloud requirements. high altitude, high speed, or ejection 105.19 Parachute operations between sunset type) identified by a Navy Air Facility, and sunrise. 105.21 Parachute operations over or into a an Army Air Field, and Air Force-Navy congested area or an open-air assembly drawing number, an Army Air Field of persons. order number, or any other military 105.23 Parachute operations over or onto designation or specification number. airports. Automatic Activation Device means a 105.25 Parachute operations in designated self-contained mechanical or electro- airspace. mechanical device that is attached to the interior of the reserve parachute Subpart C—Parachute Equipment and container, which automatically initi- Packing ates parachute deployment of the re- 105.41 Applicability. serve parachute at a pre-set altitude, 105.43 Use of single-harness, dual-parachute time, percentage of terminal velocity, systems. or combination thereof. 105.45 Use of tandem parachute systems. Direct Supervision means that a cer- 105.47 Use of static lines. tificated rigger personally observes a 105.49 Foreign parachutists and equipment. non-certificated person packing a main AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113–40114, parachute to the extent necessary to 44701–44702, 44721. ensure that it is being done properly, SOURCE: Doc. No. FAA–1999–5483, 66 FR and takes responsibility for that pack- 23553, May 9, 2001, unless otherwise noted. ing. Drop Zone means any pre-determined § 105.1 Applicability. area upon which parachutists or ob- (a) Except as provided in paragraphs jects land after making an intentional (b) and (c) of this section, this part pre- parachute jump or drop. The center- scribes rules governing parachute oper- point target of a drop zone is expressed ations conducted in the United States. in nautical miles from the nearest VOR (b) This part does not apply to a facility when 30 nautical miles or less; parachute operation conducted— or from the nearest airport, town, or (1) In response to an in-flight emer- city depicted on the appropriate Coast gency, or and Geodetic Survey World Aero- (2) To meet an emergency on the sur- nautical Chart or Sectional Aero- face when it is conducted at the direc- nautical Chart, when the nearest VOR tion or with the approval of an agency facility is more than 30 nautical miles of the United States, or of a State, from the drop zone. Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Foreign parachutist means a para- or a possession of the United States, or chutist who is neither a U.S. citizen or an agency or political subdivision a resident alien and is participating in thereof. parachute operations within the United 889 VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:16 Mar 01, 2012 Jkt 226045 PO 00000 Frm 00899 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Q:\14\14V2 ofr150 PsN: PC150 § 105.5 14 CFR Ch. I (1–1–12 Edition) States using parachute equipment not ployment of a main or reserve para- manufctured in the United States. chute. Freefall means the portion of a para- Ram-air parachute means a parachute chute jump or drop between aircraft with a canopy consisting of an upper exit and parachute deployment in and lower surface that is inflated by which the parachute is activated ram air entering through specially de- manually by the parachutist at the signed openings in the front of the can- parachutist’s discretion or automati- opy to form a gliding airfoil. cally, or, in the case of an object, is ac- Reserve parachute means an approved tivated automatically. parachute worn for emergency use to Main parachute means a parachute be activated only upon failure of the worn as the primary parachute used or main parachute or in any other emer- intended to be used in conjunction with gency where use of the main parachute a reserve parachute. is impractical or use of the main para- Object means any item other than a chute would increase risk. person that descends to the surface Single-harness, dual parachute system: from an aircraft in flight when a para- means the combination of a main para- chute is used or is intended to be used chute, approved reserve parachute, and during all or part of the descent. approved single person harness and Parachute drop means the descent of dual-parachute container. This para- an object to the surface from an air- chute system may have an operational craft in flight when a parachute is used automatic activation device installed. or intended to be used during all or Tandem parachute operation: means a part of that descent. parachute operation in which more Parachute jump means a parachute than one person simultaneously uses operation that involves the descent of the same tandem parachute system one or more persons to the surface while descending to the surface from from an aircraft in flight when an air- an aircraft in flight. craft is used or intended to be used dur- Tandem parachute system: means the ing all or part of that descent. combination of a main parachute, ap- Parachute operation means the per- proved reserve parachute, and approved formance of all activity for the purpose harness and dual parachute container, of, or in support of, a parachute jump and a separate approved forward har- or a parachute drop. This parachute op- ness for a passenger parachutist. This eration can involve, but is not limited parachute system must have an oper- to, the following persons: parachutist, ational automatic activation device in- parachutist in command and passenger stalled. in tandem parachute operations, drop zone or owner or operator, jump mas- § 105.5 General. ter, certificated parachute rigger, or pilot. No person may conduct a parachute Parachutist means a person who in- operation, and no pilot in command of tends to exit an aircraft while in flight an aircraft may allow a parachute op- using a single-harness, dual parachute eration to be conducted from an air- system to descend to the surface. craft, if that operation creates a hazard Parachutist in command means the to air traffic or to persons or property person responsible fro the operation on the surface. and safety of a tandem parachute oper- § 105.7 Use of alcohol and drugs. ation. Passenger parachutist means a person No person may conduct a parachute who boards an aircraft, acting as other operation, and no pilot in command of than the parachutist in command of a an aircraft may allow a person to con- tandem parachute operation, with the duct a parachute operation from that intent of exiting the aircraft while in- aircraft, if that person is or appears to flight using the forward harness of a be under the influence of— dual harness tandem parachute system (a) Alcohol, or to descend to the surface. (b) Any drug that affects that per- Pilot chute means a small parachute son’s faculties in any way contrary to used to initiate and/or accelerate de- safety. 890 VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:16 Mar 01, 2012 Jkt 226045 PO 00000 Frm 00900 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Q:\14\14V2 ofr150 PsN: PC150 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT § 105.15 § 105.9 Inspections. § 105.15 Information required and no- tice of cancellation or postpone- The Administrator may inspect any ment of a parachute operation. parachute operation to which this part applies (including inspections at the (a) Each person requesting an author- site where the parachute operation is ization under §§ 105.21(b) and 105.25(a)(2) being conducted) to determine compli- of this part and each person submitting ance with the regulations of this part. a notification under § 105.25(a)(3) of this part must provide the following infor- mation (on an individual or group Subpart B—Operating Rules basis): (1) The date and time the parachute § 105.13 Radio equipment and use re- quirements. operation will begin. (2) The radius of the drop zone (a) Except when otherwise authorized around the target expressed in nautical by air traffic control— miles. (1) No person may conduct a para- (3) The location of the center of the chute operation, and no pilot in com- drop zone in relation to— mand of an aircraft may allow a para- (i) The nearest VOR facility in terms chute operation to be conducted from of the VOR radial on which it is lo- that aircraft, in or into controlled air- cated and its distance in nautical miles space unless, during that flight— from the VOR facility when that facil- (i) The aircraft is equipped with a ity is 30 nautical miles or less from the functioning two-way radio communica- drop zone target; or tion system appropriate to the air traf- (ii) the nearest airport, town, or city fic control facilities being used; and depicted on the appropriate Coast and (ii) Radio communications have been Geodetic Survey World Aeronautical established between the aircraft and Chart or Sectional Aeronautical Chart, the air traffic control facility having when the nearest VOR facility is more jurisdiction over the affected airspace than 30 nautical miles from the drop of the first intended exit altitude at zone target.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Runway Safety Spring 2021 Report
    Graphical NOTAM Interface For Improving Efficiency of Reporting NOTAM Information April 2021 Design Challenge: Runway Safety/Runway Incursions/Runway Excursions Challenge E: Optimizing application of NextGen technology to improve runway safety in particular and airport safety in general. Team Members: Undergraduate Students: Matthew Bacon, Gregory Porcaro, Andrew Vega Advisor’s Name: Dr. Audra Morse Michigan Technological University Table of Contents | 1 02 Executive Summary Runway excursions are a type of aviation incident where an aircraft makes an unsafe exit from the runway. According to the Ascend World Aircraft Accident Summary (WAAS), 141 runway excursion accidents involving the Western-built commercial aircraft fleet occurred globally from 1998 to 2007, resulting in 550 fatalities; 74% of landing phase excursions were caused by either weather-related factors or decision-making factors (Ascend, 2007). One mitigation strategy is training pilots how to interpret Runway Condition Codes (RWYCCs) to understand runway conditions. Recent developments such as NextGen and Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) have improved the quality of weather condition reporting. However, Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs), the primary source of runway condition information and any other irregularities in airspace, are still presented to pilots in an inefficient format contributing to runway excursions and safety concerns NOTAMs consist of confusing abbreviations and do not effectively convey the relative importance of information. The team developed an Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) user interface that provides a graphical representation of NOTAM and weather information to improve how pilots receive condition changes at airports. The graphical NOTAM interface utilizes Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) to receive real time NOTAM updates.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Concept of the National Airspace System of 2015: Human Factors Considerations For
    Advanced Concept of the National Airspace System of 2015: Human Factors Considerations for Air Traffic Control Ben Willems, Human Factors Team – Atlantic City, ATO-P Anton Koros, Northrop Grumman Information Technology June 2007 DOT/FAA/TC-TN-07/21 This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA 22161. A copy is retained for reference at the William J. Hughes Technical Center Library. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405 ote technical note NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. This document does not constitute Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification policy. Consult your local FAA aircraft certification office as to its use. This report is available at the FAA, William J. Hughes Technical Center’s full-text Technical Reports Web site: http://actlibrary.tc.faa.gov in Adobe® Acrobat® portable document format (PDF). Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. DOT/FAA/TC-TN-07/21 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Advanced Concept of the National Airspace System of 2015: Human Factors June 2007 Considerations for Air Traffic Control 6. Performing Organization Code AJP-6110 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Building a Flying Machine
    Building a Flying Machine By: Arianna Bilal-Threats At first we made our fuselage out of straws because we thought air flow would take over and increase lift. We made the wings out of folder paper because we thought it would be sturdier than regular paper. After learning about the 4 forces- lift, thrust, drag, and weight, we knew that there needed to be a point at the front of the plane called a nose. So, we used a fuselage made out of a plastic bottle because it has a point that looked like a nose. We cut the bottom off of the bottle. We thought the air would flow through and increase lift, the force that brings you up. And for wings, we used cardboard. We also had double wings because at a museum we saw the Wright brothers plane had double wings and their plane was a success. Then, we noticed our fuselage was the heaviest part of the plane. So, we made a plane with all paper. We folded a half of a paper into a tube and put a paper point at the front for a nose. Then, for the wings we made little rectangles (x4) and took 2. Then, we curved one and put it on top. The same for the other wing. We decided to put a curve on top of the wing to increase a stream lined shape. That flew! But, not for long. We were happy but we wanted something that flew long distance. So, we tried something simpler. We used a straw and taped two wings on top.
    [Show full text]
  • The Design and Development of an Electromechanical Drogue Parachute Line Release Mechanism for Level 3 High-Power Amateur Rockets
    Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College 5-24-2019 The Design and Development of an Electromechanical Drogue Parachute Line Release Mechanism for Level 3 High-Power Amateur Rockets Marie House Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation House, Marie, "The Design and Development of an Electromechanical Drogue Parachute Line Release Mechanism for Level 3 High-Power Amateur Rockets" (2019). University Honors Theses. Paper 753. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.770 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The design and development of an electromechanical drogue parachute line release mechanism for level 3 high-power amateur rockets by Marie House An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in University Honors and Mechanical Engineering Thesis Adviser Robert Paxton Portland State University 2019 Abstract This research has developed a viable drogue parachute release system sufficient for recovering level 3 amateur rockets. The system is based on the simple mechanics of combining two lever arms and a 2 to 1 pulley interaction to create a 200:1 force reduction between the weight applied to the system and the force required to release it. A linear actuator retracts a release cord, triggering the three rings that hold the system together to unfurl from one another and separate the drogue parachute from the payload.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) in the Light of Public International Law
    Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) in the light of Public International Law Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) in the light of Public International Law ZOLTÁN PAPP Phd Student, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, In-house legal counsel, HungaroControl Pte Ltd. Co.* The Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is established to serve the national security interests of the state. Maintaining ADIZ becomes fundamentally relevant from the perspective of international law when such a zone extends into airspace suprajacent to international waters. Materially, two considerations are most relevant in terms of ADIZ conforming to international law, both potentially creating a conflict with ADIZ rules: Contracting Parties to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation have delegated rule-making powers to enact rules of the air with a view to safeguarding the safety of air traffic in international airspace to the ICAO Council. Furthermore, in international airspace the state of registry generally enjoys exclusive jurisdiction with respect to the aircraft carrying its national mark. In this paper ADIZ will be deemed as exercising jurisdiction over extraterritorial acts by the state maintaining ADIZ; hence, the prescriptive and enforcement distinction adds an additional layer to the analysis of the international legal context of ADIZ. The response to as to how ADIZ fits in the international legal framework may differ depending on whether one seeks to identify permissive rules of international law related to the maintenance of ADIZ in international airspace or the non-existence of prohibitive rules sufficient to justify conformance with international law. Keywords: ADIZ, air law, law of the sea, Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, jurisdiction, use of force, international customary law, civil aircraft, state of registry 1.
    [Show full text]
  • This Index Lists the Army Units for Which Records Are Available at the Eisenhower Library
    DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS U.S. ARMY: Unit Records, 1917-1950 Linear feet: 687 Approximate number of pages: 1,300,000 The U.S. Army Unit Records collection (formerly: U.S. Army, U.S. Forces, European Theater: Selected After Action Reports, 1941-45) primarily spans the period from 1917 to 1950, with the bulk of the material covering the World War II years (1942-45). The collection is comprised of organizational and operational records and miscellaneous historical material from the files of army units that served in World War II. The collection was originally in the custody of the World War II Records Division (now the Modern Military Records Branch), National Archives and Records Service. The material was withdrawn from their holdings in 1960 and sent to the Kansas City Federal Records Center for shipment to the Eisenhower Library. The records were received by the Library from the Kansas City Records Center on June 1, 1962. Most of the collection contained formerly classified material that was bulk-declassified on June 29, 1973, under declassification project number 735035. General restrictions on the use of records in the National Archives still apply. The collection consists primarily of material from infantry, airborne, cavalry, armor, artillery, engineer, and tank destroyer units; roughly half of the collection consists of material from infantry units, division through company levels. Although the collection contains material from over 2,000 units, with each unit forming a separate series, every army unit that served in World War II is not represented. Approximately seventy-five percent of the documents are from units in the European Theater of Operations, about twenty percent from the Pacific theater, and about five percent from units that served in the western hemisphere during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation Into Unmanned Aircraft System Incidents in the National Airspace System
    International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace Volume 3 Issue 4 Article 2 11-2-2016 Investigation into Unmanned Aircraft System Incidents in the National Airspace System Rohan S. Sharma Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/ijaaa Part of the Aviation Safety and Security Commons, and the Management and Operations Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Sharma, R. S. (2016). Investigation into Unmanned Aircraft System Incidents in the National Airspace System. International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.15394/ ijaaa.2016.1146 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sharma: Investigation Into Unmanned Aircraft Incidents The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecasts the sale of commercial and hobbyist Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) to rise from 2.5 million to 7 million USD in the timeframe of 2016 – 2020 (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016). A status report in March from the FAA revealed that more than 4,000 exemptions were issued to insurers, individuals, or commercial organizations in order to operate commercially registered UASs’ in the National Airspace System (NAS) under Section 333 authority of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012. Additionally, over 408,000 UASs’ have been registered (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016). The UAS market will continue to be the most dynamic growth sector within aviation (Federal Aviation Administration, 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 EAA Airventure NOTAM
    NOTAM Preflight Planning ............................ 1-3 Changes for 2021 VFR Arrival ..................................... 4-13 □ Transitions added to Fisk Arrival Oshkosh Airport Notes .................... 14 □ Numerous editorial changes IFR/VFR Departure ....................... 15-16 □ FAH VOR decommissioned Turbine/Warbird Arrival ................... 17 Seaplane Base .................................. 18 □ IKK VOR decommissioned Helicopter Arrival/Departure ............ 19 □ RWY 18L/36R now 60' wide Ultralight Arrival/Departure ............. 20 Fond du Lac. ................................ 21-22 This notice does not Appleton ....................................... 23-24 supersede restrictions IFR Arrival/Departure .................. 25-28 contained in other FDC Canadian and NORDO ...................... 29 Flight Service Info ............................ 30 NOTAMs. Special Flight Procedures effective Noon CDT July 22 to 8:00 PM CDT August 1, 2021 Preflight Planning For one week each year, EAA AirVenture OSH Aircraft Parking Oshkosh has the highest concentration of • Separate aircraft parking areas are used at aircraft in the world. Your careful reading and OSH for different types of aircraft. Parking adherence to the procedures in this NOTAM for show planes (experimental, warbird, are essential to maintaining the safety record rotorcraft, amphibian, and production of this event. Flight planning should include aircraft manufactured prior to 1971) has thorough familiarity with NOTAM procedures, generally been available throughout EAA
    [Show full text]
  • State Archives of North Carolina Tiny Broadwick Pioneer of Aviation Lesson Guide This Is a Picture of the Balloon from Which Tiny Made Most of Her Jumps
    State Archives of North Carolina Tiny Broadwick Pioneer of Aviation Lesson Guide This is a picture of the balloon from which Tiny made most of her jumps. 1 Fun facts about the “Broadwick” balloons •No altimeter was used so she had to listen for the sound of a blank being shot out of a gun for the signal to jump. •The balloon usually rose two thousand feet or higher. •The heat used to inflate the balloon was coal oil which gave the ever-present possibility of it catching on fire. •The winds were unpredictable and steering the parachute almost impossible. •The balloon was made out of eleven hundred yards of sheeting like unbleached muslin. •The balloon stood ninety-two feet high and fifty-six feet through the middle. •Tiny would hang on a trapeze suspended from the balloon. •When the air in the balloon cooled, it was at maximum height. •The aeronaut had to jump before the balloon cooled too much since it would start to fall. •There was no gauge to tell when the balloon was ready to rise; the aeronaut had to use his/her intuition. •Before Charles Broadwick invented a automatic ground support, at least 15 to 20 men would have to hold the balloon down before they released it and it rose. Make a list of things you notice about the balloon pictured here that is different from balloons used today? 2 While you are looking at these images of Tiny think about the type of clothing she is wearing. # 1 Photograph of Tiny Broadwick in outfit worn as #2 Tiny Broadwick wearing one of her outfits she “Doll girl.” wore for airplane jumps.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Guide for Powered Parachute Ultralights
    TTrraaiinniinngg GGuuiiddee ffoorr PPoowweerreedd PPaarraacchhuuttee UUllttrraalliigghhttss Safety Information for Instructors and Students EAA Powered Parachute Ultralight Training Guide Version 1.2 ______________________________________________________________________________ Introduction Ultralight aviation in the United States is the most unencumbered opportunity for solo flight in the world. Tremendous freedoms are given to ultralight pilots. However, at the same time there are strict limitations that must be followed. With this freedom, however, come responsibilities to ensure the safety of other individuals in the airspace as well as on the ground. In 1982 the FAA issued Federal Aviation Regulation Part 103, Ultralight Vehicles. With this regulation, the FAA chose to identify ultralights as vehicles and not aircraft. Because they are vehicles and not aircraft, this regulation allows individuals to operate ultralight vehicles without requiring FAA pilot or vehicle certification. Upon publishing Part 103 the FAA said it did not wish to issue pilot certificates for ultralight operators. Instead, the FAA said individuals who want to fly ultralights should participate in industry-established self-regulation and training programs. Since 1983 EAA has maintained programs to support Part 103 and has held an exemption to Part 103 that allowed the operation of 2-place ultralight training vehicles by authorized ultralight flight instructors. In 2004, the FAA passed the sport pilot & light-sport aircraft regulations. One specific purpose of this new rule was to transition 2-place ultralight training vehicles to experimental light-sport aircraft. As a result, after the training exemption expires on 1/31/08 there will no longer be a way to fly a 2-place ultralight to train ultralight pilots.
    [Show full text]
  • Properly Sizing Parachutes for Your Rockets
    I S S U E 1 4 9 - OCTOBER 7, 2 0 0 5 Properly Sizing Parachutes for Your Rockets INSIDE: • Working with Parachute Descent Rates • Refinishing Damaged Tubes • Website Worth Visiting 1130 Elkton Drive, Suite A Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907 USA www.ApogeeRockets.com e-mail: [email protected] phone: 719-535-9335 fax: 719-534-9050 I S S U E 1 4 9 - OCTOBER 7 , 2 0 0 5 than any other recovery method. The best parachutes are made from strong, thin, soft, fl exible material. For "Are Your Descent Rates Decent?": small models, thin plastic sheets work very well be- Calculating How Fast Your Models Fall cause they can be folded up tightly to fi t into small-di- ameter body tubes. Some sources for parachute cano- pies include: Mylar®, plastic drop cloths, dry-cleaning by John Manfredo bags, trash bags, and gift-wrapping plastic. Use care when selecting a plastic material for a parachute. Test {Ed. Part I of this article comes from the book: it by trying to tear it in both directions-sometimes the "Model Rocket Design and Construction" by Tim Van material is strong in one direction but weak in another. Milligan.} Use only plastic that is strong in both directions. For PART I rockets with a descent mass greater than 300 grams (10.5 oz.) use a cloth material like cotton, silk, polyes- ter, or nylon. These materials can withstand the larger Parachute Design opening forces that bigger models can create. Heat- Parachutes can be used on almost any size rocket.
    [Show full text]
  • MH17 Crash Notification from Ukraine That Flight MH17 Had Crashed and That an Investigation Into the Causes of the Crash Was Already Underway
    Crash 2 Operational facts and background 7 Recovery of the wreckage 10 Reconstruction 12 MH17 Investigation into flight routes 14 About the investigation 19 About the Dutch Safety Board 20 Credits 20 Introduction The crash of flight MH17 on 17 July 2014 shocked the world and caused hundreds of families much grief. In the first few days after the crash the first expla­ nations for the cause of the crash began to appear. The question was also raised as to why the aircraft flew over the conflict zone in the eastern part of Ukraine. On board flight MH17 there were 298 occupants, of which 193 passengers with the Dutch nationality. On Friday 18 July 2014, the Dutch Safety Board received a formal MH17 Crash notification from Ukraine that flight MH17 had crashed and that an investigation into the causes of the crash was already underway. The same Investigation into the Main conclusions Passenger information day, the Board sent three investigators crash of flight MH17 Causes of the crash - The crash A second, independent who arrived in Kyiv in the evening. The Dutch Safety Board has of the Malaysia Airlines Boeing investigation was conducted into extensively investigated the 777-200 was caused by the the gathering and verification of A few days later, the investigation was delegated to the Dutch Safety Board. crash of flight MH17. The first detonation of a model 9N314M passenger information and The Dutch Safety Board was determined part of the investigation focused warhead, fitted to a 9M38-series informing the relatives of the to answer the questions of how this on the causes of the crash.
    [Show full text]