Male Infertility Sijo J

Male Infertility Sijo J. Parekattil • Sandro C. Esteves Ashok Agarwal Editors Male Infertility Contemporary Clinical Approaches, Andrology, ART and Antioxidants Second Edition Editors Sijo J. Parekattil Sandro C. Esteves PUR Clinic ANDROFERT and State University of Campinas University of Central Florida (UCF) (UNICAMP) Clermont, FL Campinas USA Brazil Ashok Agarwal Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Cleveland, OH USA ISBN 978-3-030-32299-1 ISBN 978-3-030-32300-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32300-4 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This work is dedicated to my wife and sons, who have been ever patient and considerate in allowing me to pursue my academic interests. It is also dedicated to my mentors who believed in me and gave me the opportunity to grow. It is also dedicated to our patients who place their faith in our hands and who allow us the honor and privilege to continue to learn and better the art of medicine for a better tomorrow. –Sijo J. Parekattil To my father Waldemar Esteves (late) for instilling the virtues of integrity, perseverance, and enthusiasm. To my wife, Fabiola, my sons, Alexandre and Catarina, for their devotion, love, and support. To Prof. Nelson Rodrigues Netto Jr. (late) (UNICAMP), Prof. Anthony Thomas (late) (Cleveland Clinic), Prof. Sidney Glina (ABC University), and Prof. Ashok Agarwal (Cleveland Clinic) for their guidance and support and for being giants who take their apprentices by their hands and teach them how to climb; once on their shoulders they show us what to see, helping us to see better and further. –Sandro C. Esteves To my father Professor RC Agarwal (late) for instilling the virtues of honesty, dedication, and hard work. To my wonderful wife, Meenu, sons, Rishi and Neil-Yogi, for their unconditional love and support. To Prof. Kevin Loughlin (Harvard Medical School), Prof. Anthony Thomas (late) (Cleveland Clinic), and Prof. Edmund Sabanegh (Cleveland Clinic) for their friendship, guidance, and support and for making an indelible positive impression on my life. To my associates at work, large number of researchers and students, and most importantly the patients who placed their trust in our work. –Ashok Agarwal Foreword I have been eagerly awaiting the release of the second edition of this text, Male Infertility: Contemporary Clinical Approaches, Andrology, ART and Antioxidants, which is edited by three luminaries in the field of reproduction, Sijo J. Parekattil, MD; Sandro C. Esteves, MD; and Ashok Agarwal, PhD. The first edition of this text served as an invaluable resource to those of us involved in the clinical care of couples encountering reproductive challenges and also to those of us investigating the pathophysiology underlying disordered fertility. In the same vein, this second edition builds upon the important principles shared in that first edition but also includes new and important insights that have been subsequently reported in both the basic science and clinical literature. The editors have done a masterful job of assembling a panel of expert authors who are also fantastic writers. Each chapter is rich with important information, yet at the same time very pleasant to read. Additionally, while each chapter is a “stand-alone” piece of academic work, collectively, the chapters build upon one another to provide the reader with a truly 360-degree, state-of-the-art understanding of andrology, ART, and antioxidants. In an era where the clinical and research focus in reproductive medicine often pivots solely to assisted reproductive techniques, this text does a wonderful job of comprehensively and holistically examining andrology, assisted reproductive techniques, and the role of antioxidants. The “winners” in all of this are the clinicians who will use this book to enhance the integrated and informed care that they are providing their patients, as well as the patients themselves, who are on the receiving end of this optimized care. The editors are to be congratu- lated for passionately assembling this important group of academic manuscripts. There is no doubt that countless couples will benefit from the collective knowledge and inspiration that this text imparts within reproductive clinicians and scientists alike. Chicago, IL, USA Robert E. Brannigan, MD vii Preface The practice of male infertility has dramatically evolved over the past few decades. This has been achieved after the realization of the important contribution the male counterpart holds in the couple’s infertility. It is also supported by a number of breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of this medical condition. The field of male infertility truly illustrates the need for a multispecialty approach to the effective diagnosis and management of such conditions. From the initial referral possibly from a reproductive endocrinologist or gynecologist to the male infertility urologist or andrologist, a multidisciplinary team including doctors, nurses, embry- ologists, technicians, researchers, and alternative medicine specialists needs to work as a cohe- sive unit to provide our patients with the most effective and highest quality care. Due to the success of the first edition of this book in 2012, we decided to work on the second edition in 2018 with the goal to bring out a medical textbook that can serve as the most reliable source of accurate information on various aspects of the rapidly developing field of male infertility. This book was an attempt to gather experts from each of these fields and present an integrated management approach with detailed descriptions of topics ranging from the initial clinical diagnosis, management, new treatment options, and scientific rational for the various approaches. The book initially focuses on the clinical aspects of male infertility and then dives into the use of antioxidants as adjunctive therapy and the current state of affairs in antioxidant research. In this second edition, which includes 72 chapters in total across 7 parts, over 20 new chapters were added to enhance the book’s appeal by including the most recent advances brought to the male infertility arena. Additionally, this edition has new features including video clips illustrating some of the most fascinating male infertility treatment modalities and a dedicated new part on current guidelines on male infertility and antioxidants to enlighten readers on how to most optimally manage male infertility clinical scenarios. The 129 contributing authors hail from leading institutions in 18 countries across 6 continents in an attempt to capture a wide range of techniques and approaches. New to this edition are dedicated sections within each chapter covering key points and review criteria, carefully bookended by introductory and con- cluding content that sets the stage for and sums up the state of the art in male infertility. We are hoping that this text may serve as a reference guide for specialists across the male infertility team to further enhance dialogue, discussion, and refinement in our multidisciplinary approach. We would like to thank the authors for their contributions and our families for their patience in allowing us to put together this project. We wish to acknowledge the Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, the PUR Clinic with University of Central Florida, and Androfert Fertility Center for institutional support for this endeavor as well. We are grateful to Kristopher Spring, senior editor, for his support and advice, and to Michael D. Sova, developmental editor, for his tireless efforts in reviewing and editing each of the manuscripts. We hope that this book will provide a comprehensive, consolidated reference for a broad range of topics in male infertility. Clermont, FL, USA Sijo J. Parekattil Campinas, Brazil Sandro C. Esteves Cleveland, OH, USA Ashok Agarwal ix About the Editors Sijo J. Parekattil, MD is Co-director of PUR Clinic (Personalized Urology & Robotics) at South Lake Hospital and Orlando Health and Associate Professor of Urology at the University of Central Florida (UCF). He was an Electrical Engineer (University of Michigan) prior to his medical training and thus has interests in surgical techniques incorporating tech- nology, robotics, and microsurgery. He completed his urology residency training at Albany Medical Center and then went on to complete dual fellowship training from the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, in Laparoscopy/Robotic Surgery and Microsurgery/Male Infertility. Dr. Parekattil has received numerous awards and published several articles in the field of robotic microsurgery. He is an editor of a few textbooks on Male Infertility and a surgical textbook on Robotic Microsurgery. He is a pioneer in robotic microsurgery in urology. He has developed novel treatments for chronic groin and testicular pain.

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