Pervious Concrete Pavements for Stormwater Mitigation

K-State Pollution Prevention Institute, KDHE EPA Section 319 Funding

Christy Martin Concrete Promotional Group Objectives for Today:

• What is Pervious Concrete? • Why use Pervious Concrete? • Green B uildi ng & LEED ® Cre dits w ith P ervi ous C oncret e • Designing a Pervious Concrete Pavement • How much Water Volume can the System Handle? • What are the Typical Applications for Pervious Concrete? • Freeze/Thaw Concerns • Clay Soil Concerns • Typical Mix Design • Construction of a Pervious Pavement • Snow , Deicers & Snow Removal • Decorative Pervious Concrete • Maintenance for Pervious Concrete • Cost • Testing Pervious Concrete • Resources on Pervious Concrete Pervious Concrete Pavement System

Rain, Snow, Ice

Pervious Concrete

Gravel Base

Geotextile FbiFabric

Soil Subbase Water Disappears Quickly What is Pervious Concrete? • Pervious concrete is a mixture of coarse aggregate, Portland cement, water, and little to no sand. A typical pervious concrete pavement has a 15-25% void structure and allows 3-8 gallons of water per minute to pass through each square foot. • Carefully controlled amounts of water and cementitious materials are used to create a ppggggpgjaste that forms a thick coating around aggregate particles. Using just enough paste to coat the particles maintains a system of interconnected voids. • The result is a very high permeability concrete that drains quickly. Due to the high void content, pervious concrete is also lightweight, 118 to 128 lb/ft3. • After placement, pervious concrete resembles popcorn. Its low paste content and low fine aggregat e cont ent mak e th e mi xt ure coarse, with a very low s lump. The compressive strength of pervious concrete is limited since the void content is so high. Testing is in its infancy. ASTM has two approved tests for pervious at this time . Why Use Pervious Concrete?

• EPA, Phase II Directives, NPDES • Vertical Drainage vs. Horizontal Run-Off • Best Management Practice (BMP) • Drain Invert Filtration Systems – ELIMINATED • First Flush Pollution Mitigation – 90% of pollutants typically in Run-Off f rom the f irst ½ ” of rainf all • Add’l land purchase for detention ponds – NOT NEEDED • Air & Water get to tree roots & other vegetation • Pervious Concrete is a sustainable – green product • PC assists in gaining up to 3 LEED credit points • Parking Lot serves 3 purposes: 1) Parking Lot 2) Temporary Detention 3) Water Filtration Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Pervious Concrete Filters • Oils and Greases • Metals • Sediments • Fertilizers

Pervious Concrete 3C’s: • Collects • Cleans • Cools Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Pre-Deeeopetvelopment Post-Deeeopetvelopment Low-Impact Development Low Impact Development Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Save Vegetation: • Air to roots • Water to roots Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Pervious Concrete helps meet LEED Credits

• Reduce stormwater runoff • Use Recycled Materials • Use Regional Materials • Reduce urban heat islands (SRI >29) Why Use Pervious Concrete?

Reduce Heat-Island Effects Pervious Concrete & Light Reflectivity Green Building & LEED® Credits

SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect-Nonroof Reduce heat island effect. Option #1: 50% of the site hardscapppge will consist of paving materials with a solar reflective Index (SRI) of at least 29. While regular new concrete does meet the LEED SRI minimum requirement of SRI 29, pervious concrete pavements may or may not. Pervious pavements can be designed to meet the SRI 29 requirement. Pervious concrete pavements must be tested for SRI to list testing data in the LEED template for reporting. See LEEDdfLEED default lth char tft for SRI SRIifbl info below:

Material Emissivity Reflectance SRI

New Gray Concrete 090.9 0350.35 38‐52

Weathered Gray Concrete 0.9 0.20 19‐32

Typical White Concrete 0.9 0.7 86‐100

New Asphalt 090.9 0050.05 0

Weathered Asphalt 0.9 0.10 6

Pervious Concrete Needs to be tested Needs to be tested Test results here How Much Water Will It Handle?

Pervious Concrete water passes at 3 - 5 gallons per min. per sq . ft. or 270 - 450 in. per hr. Designing Pervious Concrete Pavements

• sq footage? • voids of pervious? • thickness of the pervious? • voids of the base? • thickness of the base? • storm event in 24 hrs? • surrounding areas? • other BMP’s?

Freeze/Thaw

Why do water Freeze/Thaw pipes burst in Study cold weather? What will happen to these water bottles if left in a freezer a little longer? What would happen if the lids were taken off first before placing them in the freezer? Freeze/Thaw Concerns?

• Pervious Concrete has air entrainment to protect the concrete at the mortar level (in the paste) • Pervious Concrete has air voids so large by nature you can see them • If water were to remain in the Pervious Concrete layer, there is plenty of room for water to expand 9% & not hurt the concrete • In most cases Pervious Concrete is more Freeze/Thaw friendly than regular concrete • Pervious Concrete has a base layer to allow the water to pass through the pervious topping and be retained in the base layer keeping the water away from the riding surface Clay Soil Concerns?

1. Research and experience show Rain, Snow, Ice us that water sitting in a base Pervious layer in clay soil conditions, Concrete typically looses ½ to 1 inch of water a day . 2. The Gravel Base Layer is adjustable! Reduce or increase the thickness depending on water retention needs. Gravel Base Calculate the typical rain event Geotextile then calculate the volume the FbiFabric base layer will handle. This is CLEAN ROCK typically ¾ in. up to 1 ½ in. Less than 2% on the Soil Subbase #200 sieve. Typical Mix Design

• PtldCPortland Cement 500 - 600 lb s. ASTM C-150 – Type I or II Supplementary Cementious Mat’ls (Optional) Fly Ash Class C or F and/or Slag

• Coarse Aggregates typically ½” to 3/8” > 2.5 specific gravity & < 2.5 absorption

• Fine Aggregates – Optional Up to 6% sand in freeze-thaw markets for added durability

• Fibers Poly or Cellulose (No steel, no rebar or mesh)

• Admixtures Water Reducers, Air Entraining Agents, HSA (hydration stabilizing admixture) Viscosity Modifying Admixture (optional)

• Water w/c ratio of .27 - .33 Pervious Concrete Applications

• Parking Areas •Driveways • Sidewalks • Roadways • Swales & Ditches • Erosion Control • Slope Pro tec tion • Playground Underlayment • Water Parks Pervious Concrete for Erosion Control Nature Paths Drinking Fountains Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Finley Football Stadium University of Tennessee Chattanooga PiPervious concre te underlayment for a ppyglayground

Pervious Concrete Sidewalk, placed in 2000 Owner: City of Olympia , WA 1500 lineal feet of sidewalk SubSub--grade:grade: native soil was permeable enough that an aggregate base was not needed Savings: $110,000 - land acquisition for detention ponds unnecessary Shelter or Picnic Table pads Olathe, KS Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Lister Petter & Geiger Ready Mix Southeast Elementary School Park Hill School District, MO Combination Lot Pervious Concrete Parking Lot & “Regular Concrete” Curb/Gutter & Sidewalk Notice the different pavements in the rain. Mixed Concrete Products Pervious Concrete & “Conventional” Concrete To keep water out of storage units & mitigate stormwater management Wal*Mart Pervious Concrete Parking Lot in McKinney, TX & Denver, CO Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Tree Wells – Trees help it become a “COOL” pavement Trees & Plants get air & water through pervious pavements

Driveway & Sidewalk Studio 804 KU School of Architecture LEED for Home Driveways Pervious Concrete CttiConstruction Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Rock base being delivered Placing on top of geotextile fabric Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Clean Rock Base Placed over Geotextile Fabric Notice Curing Blankets in Background

Pervious Concrete Placement Telebelt Placement works nicely Pervious will not Pump!

Pervious Concrete Parking Lot Side View after forms were taken off Pervi ous 6” of pav em en t sitting on rock base Pervious Concrete Parking Lot I’Lan Park, Leawood, KS Placed March 2007 In September 2008 Awarded the PerviousPortland Cement Concrete Association’s Parking Lot NationalRock Sustainability base being Award delivered for PlacingStiblMiilIfttSustaina onble topMun oficipa geotechl Infrastruc filterture fabric

Pervious Concrete can be painted fkitihdiiiifor parking stripes or handicap insignia

Decorative Pervious Concrete Colored & Stamped Decorative Pervious Concrete Driveway Decorative Pervious Concrete gone wild! China, 2008 Olympics Pavement Maintenance

Approximately once a year or as needed: • PVPower Vacuum ing • Pressure Washing (Careful!) • Combination of Both Maintenance BfBefore &Aft& After Maintenance Snow/Deicers/Removal

Denver Next morning following 12” snow Sites directly across street Photos: Taken 5 min. apart

Pervious Parking Lot Placed during the Wi nt er Denver, CO, placed Dec. 2004 Notice that when snow is walked on the snow disappears into the pavement below. Inverted Slump Test Unit Weight, ASTM C1688 Permeability Test, ASTM C1701 Pervious How Much Does it Cost?

• Relative to the stormwater detention replacement costs • Relative to the stormwater under drains & piping • The concrete portion typically runs 8-15% more than conventional concrete •System includes, excavation, filter fabric, base rock, pervious concrete • Serves as several products in ONE Parking Lot Collection System Filter Temporary Detention • In markets where is has been available for 12-15 years, pervious is running $8.50 to $11.50 a sq. ft. turn key prodtiduction Specifications

• Local Concrete Industry, engineers, and academia have developed:

– Specifiers Guide to Stormwater Mitigation in Greater Kansas City Area

– Available on www.concretepromotion.com www.nrmca.org National Ready Mixed Concrete Association

www.perviouspavement.org Concrete Promotional Group of Greater Kansas City www.concretepromotion.com Go to the Pervious Concrete Tab on the website: • Pervious Certification Information • Curren t lis t o f Perv ious Cer tified T ech ni ci ans • Picture story Pervious Concrete • Pervious Concrete Resources • Pervious Construction Checklist • LEED® – Green Points with Pervious • Maintenance for Pervious Concrete • Guideline for Specifiers Other P ervi ous R esource P eopl e i n K ansas Cit y

Todd LaTorella , P. E. MO/KS American Concrete Pavement Association 913-381-2251 office phone

John T. Kevern Ph. D., E. I. T. Assistant Professor UMKC School of Computing & Engineering 816-235-5977 office phone (One of the leading researchers on pervious concrete)

Hundreds of websites – Search Pervious Concrete A dozen or so U-Tube mini movies & training videos Christy Martin 913-341-5800 ph [email protected] www.concretepromotion.com

Thank You