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Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Appendix B

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Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Appendix B Stronafian Forest Wind Turbines: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment Project 4130 www.guard-archaeology.co.uk © GUARD Archaeology Limited, June 2015. Stronafian Forest Wind Turbines: Archaeological Desk-based Assessment On behalf of: Colintraive and Glendaruel Development Trust NGR: NS 0187 8431 (centred) Project Number: 4130 Report by: Christine Rennie Illustrations: Fiona Jackson Project Manager: Ronan Toolis Approved by: Date: 25/06/2015 This document has been prepared in accordance with GUARD Archaeology Limited standard operating procedures. GUARD Archaeology Limited 52 Elderpark Workspace 100 Elderpark Street Glasgow G51 3TR Tel: 0141 445 8800 Fax: 0141 445 3222 email: [email protected] www.guard-archaeology.co.uk © GUARD Archaeology Limited, June 2015. Contents Executive Summary 5 Introduction 5 Legislative Background 6 National Policy Guidelines 6 Local Policy Guidelines 7 Aims and Objectives 9 Methodology for baseline assessment 10 Methodology for the assessment of indirect impacts 10 Archaeological and Historical Background 12 Baseline Assessment 13 Prehistoric and early historic sites 13 Medieval sites 13 Post-medieval and modern sites 14 Vertical Aerial Photographs 16 Previous Archaeological Investigations 16 Walkover Survey 16 Indirect Impact Assessment 16 Conclusions 18 Appendices 21 Appendix A: References 21 Appendix B: Gazetteer Of Cultural Heritage Sites 22 List of Figures Figure 1: Site location 4 Figure 2: Excerpt from Roy’s 1747-55 Military Survey of Scotland 14 Figure 3: Excerpt from Landlands’ 1801 map showing the general area around the Site. 15 Figure 4: Excerpt from 1869 OS 6” to the mile map of Argyllshire, Sheet CLXXII 15 Figure 5: Cultural Heritage sites within ZTV mapping 19 List of Tables Table 1: Sensitivity of Cultural Heritage Features to Setting Effects 11 Table 2: Definitions of Magnitude of Effect 11 Table 3: Matrix for the Assessment of the Significance of Potential Setting Effects 12 Table 4: Indirect Impact Assessment 16 Project 4130: Stronafian Forest Wind Turbines. 4 A85 Tyndrum Dalmally A85 n L Scridain r Oban A849 o L Crianlarich f o Lochearnhead Fionnphort th Fir LOCH LOMOND & A82 THE TROSSACHS L Avich A819 Loch Loch Awe Katrine A816 Scarba, Lunga & Inveraray A83 A821 The Garvellachs A815 Strachur Loch Furnace A81 Long Lomond e A83 n ra y u F A817 578A J Lochgilphead A815 Ardlussa f h o c Loch o A886 JURA d L n Site HelensburghLocation A809 A81 u A814 A811 o Kyles S of Inverness Knapdale Dunoon Greenock Dumbarton Aberdeen Bute A82 Jura A846 Tighnabruaich A8 Collintraive 31 A886 e 1 d 30 Tarbert y M8 l Kilmacolm A761 C 26 f 29 Rothesay 25 o 22 Stronafian A78 Johnstone 1 Kennacraig h 2 t Largs Forest r Edinburgh A844 i A760 Paisley F 4 Glasgow Claonaig Isle Beith Glasgow Kilbirnie 5 of Bute M77 Lochranza East Isle of Dalry A736 A737 Stewarton Kilbride Gigha 6 d Kilwinning n North 7 Ardrossan A735 u 8 A83 Arran o S ISLE A71 Kilmarnock n Brodick 2 2 Irvine a 05 00 OF A78 Galston n 000 mE 000 mE n ARRAN a r b 6 5 7 8 18 17 10 9 11 1 685000 mN 19 4 12 13 20 21 22 3 14 24 15 23 2 16 KEY Cultural heritage sites 680000 mN Scheduled monument Development area 100m and 5km buffers Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Figure 1: 0 2.5 km Survey on behalf of the Controller of Site location. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. All rights reserved. Licence number 100050069. Project 4130: Stronafian Forest Wind Turbines. 5 Executive Summary 1.1 GUARD Archaeology Limited undertook an archaeological desk-based assessment of an area proposed for the erection of two wind turbines at Stronafian Forest, Cowal, Argyll and Bute. The aims of the assessment were to assess evidence for the past human use of the development area, its archaeological sensitivity, and the potential impact of the development upon the archaeological resource. 1.2 The assessment indicates that there no known cultural heritage sites within the proposed development area, or within the 100 m buffer zone surrounding the proposed development. 1.3 There are 24 cultural heritage sites with statutory or non-statutory designation within 5 km of the proposed development area. This figure includes 11 cultural heritages sites that are listed on the Non-Statutory Register compiled about 15 years ago in response to paragraph 17 of NPPG5. 1.4 Cartographic regression work indicates that the proposed development area has been open moorland from at least the mid-eighteenth century onwards, and that no previous development of the Site has taken place. 1.5 Given that this land has not previously been developed, there is potential for the survival of hitherto undiscovered sub-surface archaeological remains. Accordingly, it is advised that Argyll & Bute Council may require that a programme of archaeological works be carried out in relation to the proposed development. The nature and extent of any such works will be determined by the planning authority. Introduction 2.1 In April 2015, Locogen Limited acting on behalf of Colintraive and Glendaruel Development Trust, commissioned GUARD Archaeology Limited to undertake a desk-based assessment of a proposed wind turbine development at Stronafian Forest, Cowal, Argyll (NGR: centred at NS 0187 843). 2.2 The proposed development area is in an upland location within forestry, and lies to the east of Clachan of Glendaruel, within the parish of Kilmodan (Figure 1). The Site is bounded on all sides by existing forestry, some of which was being felled at the time the assessment was carried out. 2.3 The bedrock over the Site is Beinn Bheula Schist Formation, a metamorphic bedrock derived from sedimentary rocks that formed in deep seas approximately 542 to 1000 million years ago. On the tack leading to the Site, several intrusive dykes of Mull Dyke swarm Olivine micro-gabbro indicate that the area was once volcanic. The superficial deposits over the Site are not recorded (British Geological Survey 2008). 2.4 Historic Scotland has confirmed “that we do not consider that there will be any unacceptable impacts” on any Scheduled Monuments, category A Listed Buildings or Inventory Gardens and Designed Landscapes in the area surrounding the proposed wind turbine development (M Brann 26/5/14 e-mail). 2.5 The West of Scotland Archaeology Service recommended that an indirect impact assessment on cultural heritage assets listed on the Non-Statutory Register (NSR) should be carried out as part of this assessment (WoSAS ref 7/1/2/Cons 30163). 2.6 All elements of the assessment have been undertaken in line with the following policies and guidelines of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) of which GUARD Archaeology Ltd is a Registered Organisation. • By-laws: Code of Conduct (2013); • Standards and Guidance for commissioning work on, or providing consultancy advice on, archaeology and the historic environment (2014), and Project 4130: Stronafian Forest Wind Turbines. 6 • Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment (2014). Legislative Background 3.1 The assessment has been carried out within the context of: • the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979, the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) (Scotland) Act 1997, the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997, the Planning etc (Scotland) Act 2006, and the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011; • International and National cultural heritage policy and guidance, primarily as outlined in Scottish Planning Policy 2014 (SPP) Paragraphs 135-151: Valuing the Historic Environment; the Scottish Historic Environment Policy (SHEP) 2011; Planning Advice Note (PAN) 2/2011: Planning and Archaeology; Historic Scotland’s Managing Change in the Historic Environment; Our Place in Time - the Historic Environment Strategy for Scotland (2014); The European Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Revised) 1992 and Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (2002) guidance note series; • The Argyll & Bute Local Development Plan (2015) and Supplementary Guidance (2013). 3.2 Cultural heritage resources include sites with statutory and non-statutory designations, as defined in SPP. Sites with statutory designations include: • Scheduled Ancient Monuments; • Listed Buildings; • Conservation Areas; and • Designated Wreck Sites. 3.3 Sites with non-statutory designations include: • World Heritage Sites; • Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes; • Historic Battlefields; and • Other Historic Environment Interests. National Policy Guidelines 3.4 Three paragraphs of Scottish Planning Policy 2014 are pertinent to this assessment of the proposed development at Stronafian Forest, Cowal, Argyll & Bute. 3.5 Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) 2014: Valuing the Historic Environment Listed Buildings SPP paragraph 141 states: Change to a listed building should be managed to protect its special interest while enabling it to remain in active use. Where planning permission and listed building consent are sought for development to, or affecting, a listed building, special regard must be given to the importance of preserving and enhancing the building, its setting and any features of special architectural or historic interest. The layout, design, materials, scale, siting and use of any development which will affect a listed building or its setting should be appropriate to the character and appearance of the building and setting. Listed buildings should be protected from demolition or other work that would adversely affect it or its setting. Project 4130: Stronafian Forest Wind Turbines. 7 Scheduled Monuments SPP paragraph 145 states: Where there is potential for a proposed development to have an adverse effect on a scheduled monument or on the integrity of its setting, permission should only be granted where there are exceptional circumstances. Where a proposal would have a direct impact on a scheduled monument, the written consent of Scottish Ministers via a separate process is required in addition to any other consents required for the development. Archaeology and Other Historic Environment Assets SPP paragraph 150 states: ‘Planning authorities should protect archaeological sites and monuments as an important, finite and non-renewable resource and preserve them in situ wherever possible.
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