DOCSLIB.ORG

Communication and Networks: a Historical Perspective EPL 324 Andreas Pitsillides

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Communication and Networks: a Historical Perspective EPL 324 Andreas Pitsillides Communication and Networks: A historical perspective EPL 324 Andreas Pitsillides Epl324 Networks: A historical 1 perspective Communicating Humans From human presence on earth: Some selected examples • Sign language? ---first (?) intelligent form of communication? – Allows communication, BUT – Limited by distance (100’s of meters), need visual contact; coded and limited by lack of richness of language – Quality of Communication poor. • Speech – Richness of language, more natural, but limited by distance (100s of meters), no visual needed, could be corrupted by noise, i.e many people talking together (a ‘protocol’ or ‘code of conduct’ is required). Epl324 Networks: A historical 2 perspective Communicating Humans From human presence on earth: Some selected examples • Written – Richness of language, not necessarily limited by distance, limited by encrypted form (must know script form). Must have pen and paper, or similar (not so natural). Can be corrupted by e.g. ‘bad’ handwriting or spilling coffee on the paper (noise) • Pigeon – Not limited by distance much, but limited by volume, – unreliable - message could easily be lost – (pigeon is not necessarily reliable — could go elsewhere, be eaten by a vulture, etc.) Epl324 Networks: A historical 3 perspective Communicating Humans (cont.) • Smoke signals – Limited by distance, need line of sight, limited by volume (rate of information transfer), limited by vocabulary-Smoke ON/Smoke OFF – [is this a big problem? Recall digital/binary communication] – limited by encrypted form (not many are smoke signal readers—could be an advantage. When?), – can be corrupted by wind Epl324 Networks: A historical 4 perspective Communicating Humans (cont.) • Morse code over electrical wires – Not limited as much by distance, – limited by volume over a given time period (information rate), – limited by encrypted form (not many are Morse code readers), – can be corrupted by electromagnetic noise, but not as easily as the smoke signal • Radio signal (as in radio and TV) – Not limited as much by distance, – not limited as much by volume, – not limited by encrypted form, but it is encoded (modulated), – can be corrupted by electromagnetic noise (it touches upon quality of signal). Epl324 Networks: A historical 5 perspective Communicating Humans and communication channels • Radio signals bounced on upper layers of atmosphere, or even satellites – Not limited by distance--universe, not limited a lot by volume, can be influenced by weather conditions, can be influenced by position of satellite (geostationary, etc…) • Binary (digital) computer signals – Not limited by distance by using repeaters, not limited a lot by volume, limited by encrypted form (not many are data signal code readers), not as easily corrupted by noise (if properly designed), offers reliable / dependable quality • Light signals (optical fibers, light bulbs) – Not limited by distance, not limited (at all) by volume, limited by encrypted form, not corrupted by e-m noise, offers reliable / dependable quality • Light bubs • Power lines Epl324 Networks: A historical 6 perspective Some indicative early systems • Polybius (203-120 BC) – Coding: B=21, S=34 – 2 sets of 5 torches behind screens – 2 torches up = Ready-to-send / Clear-to-send – Left screen, then right screen – Bandwidth: ~ 2 words/minute – Remained ‘state-of-the-art’ for roughly 2000 years Epl324 Networks: A historical 7 perspective Some indicative early systems • Claude Chappe (1763-1805) • 1792: Optical semaphore (arms & telescopes) • 2 arms x 7 positions x 4 bar positions = 196 symbols • Operated by two people • Can run full-duplex (but hard!) • Delay: Paris-Lille (190km) in 32 minutes • Bandwidth: ~ 15 bits/minutes • Most of the features of modern networks (routing, error correction, flow control) Epl324 Networks: A historical 8 perspective Some indicative early systems • Electrical Telegraph Morse code – 1837: Cooke and Wheatstone – 25 characters/minute – 1851: Paris – London cable – 1852: 6400km cable in England – 1866: London – New York – 20 words for $100 Epl324 Networks: A historical 9 perspective Some indicative early systems • Telephony (“voice over wires”) – Reiss (1863), Bell (1876),Gray(1876), Edison(1877), Siemens (1878), .... – “This ‘phone’ has way too many shortcomings to consider it as a serious way of communicating. The unit is worthless to us.” [Western Union,1876] Epl324 Networks: A historical 10 perspective Next generation fibre optic communication Fiber to the home - FTTH Epl324 Networks: A historical 11 perspective Light bulbs? • What if every light bulb in the world could also transmit data? • At TEDGlobal, Harald Haas demonstrates, for the first time, a device that could do exactly that. By flickering the light from a single LED, a change too quick for the human eye to detect, he can transmit far more data than a cellular tower -- and do it in a way that's more efficient, secure and widespread. • To watch this video, please visit: • http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_fr om_every_light_bulb.html Epl324 Networks: A historical 12 perspective Communicating Humans and communication channels (cont.) • What do the earlier examples have in common? – Human adaptability and ingenuity in finding different (often ‘unnatural’) ways to communicate – Different channels (guides) have been used (wind, air-space for pigeons, line-of-sight for smoke signals, radio waves, electricity signals, e-m waves, microwave guides, light (optical) waves – Often to surpass limitations of the medium, encryption and noise cancelling techniques are used. At times information is piggy- backed on other more convenient signal (e.g radio modulation) – Offered quality of service must be at acceptable levels To achieve our goal of effective and reliable communication, from anywhere, we need to study communication and networking (starting with the fundamentals) Epl324 Networks: A historical 13 perspective Networks • So far we considered communication between 2 points. • What if we need to communicate with many? Do we need to establish one-to-one communication channels with each one? Is this efficient/practical/feasible? Epl324 Networks: A historical 14 perspective Networks • Previous discussion focused on point-to-point communication. • To be more effective and adaptable with our communication needs and to utilise resources efficiently, communication networks have been invented (recall other man made networks). • Main innovation is – aspect of sharing a common channel (e.g. in a Local Area Network) or a number of common resources (e.g. channels / nodes) and – relaying (i.e. cooperating) messages for others (e.g. in the first Telephone system using (manual) switches, in the Internet using routers, in adhock (e.g. VANETS) and sensor networks with cooperation between the nodes) – A world of interconnected IP (internet) devices leading to concepts such as the Internet of Things, Ambient Intelligence , etc... Epl324 Networks: A historical 15 perspective Networks • Again, as in the choice of appropriate channels, whenever the need arises, different communication networks have been used, as the current needs dictate. Examples of different types of networks still in use: – The Telephone network, – The cellular mobile Telephone Network (GSM, GPRS, UMTS, LTE, 4G) – The Internet – Cable networks – Local Area Networks, Wireless Local Area Networks – Sensor networks, Body Area Networks, Personal Area Networks, Vehicle Adhoc networks (VANETS), Home Area Networks, … – etc… • These networks may use different technologies, BUT fundamentals remain the same Epl324 Networks: A historical 16 perspective Networks • Different networks and technologies require openness, interoperability, standards, protocols, etc… • Above will be part of the networking course • Note: for each one of the above volumes have been written, thousands of man-years invested by the community in research and development, but the results today have proven the worth of the investment. Notable examples include: – The telephone network which has enabled people to communicate from every part of the globe – The Internet (a global network) which allows open access by the world community, from anywhere in the world, including mobile devices – Worth pointing out that the internet is the most complex-large scale man-made system – A view of the evolution of interconnected devices – And to come, the Internet of Things and ambient intelligence • Our aim is to cover the fundamentals, touch upon the technology, brief introduction to analysis of networks, hint upon traffic engineering and design issues, and open research questions and challenges. Most of our examples will be drawn from the internet. Epl324 Networks: A historical 17 perspective End Epl324 Networks: A historical 18 perspective Point to point connection Epl324 Networks: A historical 19 perspective Broadband over power lines ? IEEE spectrum Dept 2004 Epl324 Networks: A historical 20 perspective Shared channel Network Home WLAN Adhoc network network Epl324 Networks: A historical 21 perspective Switching Systems • Manual control—Switch/cord boards Off-Hook Indicator Tip Ring Patch Cord Pairs Manual Ring Epl324 Networks: A historical 22 perspective Network Common resources (e.g. routers) Users Epl324 Networks: A historical 23 perspective routers Cost? From a few dollars to millions of dollars Epl324 Networks: A historical 24 perspective Internet devices JPL: Sensor Webs Epl324 Networks: A historical 25 perspective Internet Map This graph is using over 5 million edges and has an estimated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Use of Social Media in Risk and Crisis Communication”
    OECD Working Papers on Public Governance No. 24 The Use of Social Media Cécile Wendling, in Risk and Crisis Jack Radisch, Communication Stephane Jacobzone https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k3v01fskp9s-en WORKING PAPER “THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN RISK AND CRISIS COMMUNICATION” CÉCILE WENDLING, JACK RADISCH, STEPHANE JACOBZONE ABSTRACT This report highlights the changing landscape of risk and crisis communications and in particular how social media can be a beneficial tool, but also create challenges for crisis managers. It explores different practices of risk and crisis communications experts related to the use of social media and proposes a framework for monitoring the development of practices among countries in the use of social media for risk and crisis communications. The three step process spans passive to dynamic use of social media, and provides governments a self-assessment tool to monitor and track progress in the uptake of effective use of social media by emergency services or crisis managers. 2 NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT This report addresses risk and crisis communications, a core policy area for the High Level Risk Forum. It draws on the outcome of the discussions held at a workshop organized jointly by the OECD and the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC), in Geneva (Switzerland), on 29 June 2012 on the theme of ''Risk and crisis communication: the challenges of social media''. This workshop gathered participants from 12 OECD countries, think tanks, academia, the private sector and international organizations to discuss the challenges that emergency services and public relations managers confront in relation to the emergence of social media.
    [Show full text]
  • Effective Communication”
    Team – 184 San Academy, Pallikaranai PROBLEM CHOSEN “EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION” STUDENTS NAMES Rakshan K.K Sam Rozario D Sachin U.S Saifudeen S SAN ACADEMY, PALLIKARANAI TEAM - 184 PREPARING PPT As a presenting tool our students used PPT to show the evolution of communication from cave age to modern age .Here are some glimpse of the PPT slide. THE SMOKE SIGNAL It is one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication It is a form of visual communications used over long distances In Ancient China, soldiers stationed along the Great Wall would alert each other of impending enemy attack by signaling from tower to tower In this way they were able to transmit a message as far away as 750 Km( 470 mi ) in just a few hours ELECTRICAL TELEGRAPH It is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via telecommunications lines or radio. The electromagnetic telegraph is a device for human to human transmission of coded text messages It is the first form of electrical telecommunication Later this networks permitted people and commerce to almost instantly transmit messages across both continents and oceans PIGEON POST It is the use of homing pigeons to carry messages Pigeons were effective as messengers due to their natural homing abilities The pigeons were transported to a destination in cages, where they would be attached with messages , then naturally the pigeon would fly back to its home where the owner reads the mail Pigeons have been used to great effect in military situations SALE AND MARKETING SAN ACADEMY, PALLIKARANAI TEAM - 184 To develop a clarity and focus on what need to be done, students made a plan to promote some textbook.
    [Show full text]
  • Battle Management Language: History, Employment and NATO Technical Activities
    Battle Management Language: History, Employment and NATO Technical Activities Mr. Kevin Galvin Quintec Mountbatten House, Basing View, Basingstoke Hampshire, RG21 4HJ UNITED KINGDOM [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper is one of a coordinated set prepared for a NATO Modelling and Simulation Group Lecture Series in Command and Control – Simulation Interoperability (C2SIM). This paper provides an introduction to the concept and historical use and employment of Battle Management Language as they have developed, and the technical activities that were started to achieve interoperability between digitised command and control and simulation systems. 1.0 INTRODUCTION This paper provides a background to the historical employment and implementation of Battle Management Languages (BML) and the challenges that face the military forces today as they deploy digitised C2 systems and have increasingly used simulation tools to both stimulate the training of commanders and their staffs at all echelons of command. The specific areas covered within this section include the following: • The current problem space. • Historical background to the development and employment of Battle Management Languages (BML) as technology evolved to communicate within military organisations. • The challenges that NATO and nations face in C2SIM interoperation. • Strategy and Policy Statements on interoperability between C2 and simulation systems. • NATO technical activities that have been instigated to examine C2Sim interoperation. 2.0 CURRENT PROBLEM SPACE “Linking sensors, decision makers and weapon systems so that information can be translated into synchronised and overwhelming military effect at optimum tempo” (Lt Gen Sir Robert Fulton, Deputy Chief of Defence Staff, 29th May 2002) Although General Fulton made that statement in 2002 at a time when the concept of network enabled operations was being formulated by the UK and within other nations, the requirement remains extant.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Terms and Conditions
    APPENDIX PRICING – AM-MI PAGE 1 OF 7 AM-MI/SMOKE SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS 060502 APPENDIX-PRICING APPENDIX PRICING – AM-MI PAGE 2 OF 7 AM-MI/SMOKE SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS 060502 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 3 2. RECURRING CHARGES ................................................................................................. 4 3. NON-RECURRING CHARGES ....................................................................................... 5 4. UNBUNDLED LOCAL SWITCHING (ULS) .................................................................. 5 5. BILLING ............................................................................................................................. 6 6. APPLICABILITY OF OTHER RATES, TERMS AND CONDITIONS....................... 6 APPENDIX PRICING – AM-MI PAGE 3 OF 7 AM-MI/SMOKE SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS 060502 APPENDIX PRICING 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 This Appendix sets forth the pricing terms and conditions for the applicable SBC Communications Inc. (SBC) owned Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC) identified in 1.2 below. The rate table included in this Appendix is divided into the following five categories: Unbundled Network Elements (UNEs), Resale, Other (Resale), Other and Reciprocal Compensation. These categories are for convenience only and shall not be construed to define or limit any of the terms herein or affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. 1.2 SBC Communications Inc. (SBC) means
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for Evaluating Telemedicine-Based Healthcare Inequality Reduction in Ethiopia: a Grounded Theory Approach
    A Framework for Evaluating Telemedicine-Based Healthcare Inequality Reduction in Ethiopia: A Grounded Theory Approach by MEKONNEN WAGAW TEMESGEN submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject INFORMATION SYSTEMS at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA Supervisor: Prof HH Lotriet Mentor: Prof Isabella Venter OCTOBER, 2019 ii Declaration Name: Mekonnen Wagaw Temesgen Student number: 4724-575-1 Degree: Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems Thesis title: A Framework for Evaluating Telemedicine-Based Healthcare Inequality Reduction in Ethiopia: A Grounded Theory Approach I declare that the above thesis is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. I further declare that I submitted the thesis to originality checking software and that it falls within the accepted requirements for originality. I further declare that I have not previously submitted this work, or part of it, for examination at Unisa for another qualification or at any other higher education institution. __________________________ _____October 25, 2019______ Signature Date iii Acknowledgement The author would like thank the following people and institutes: First and foremost, I would like to thank the God almighty for making my dream come true. My first gratitude goes to my supervisor, Prof HH Lotriet, for his guidance and support throughout the study. Thank you very much for your prompt constructive comments and feedbacks. I wish to express my appreciation to my mentor, Prof Isabella Venter, for her support and comments. Thank you very much for supporting me and shaping the thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • ~//" ACCEPTED for PROCESSING - 2019 December 2 1:00 PM - SCPSC - 1999-315-C - Page 2 of 44 I: E COMMISSION 1999 IV 4 E SHMCE JUL'l1 PUSUC EC ACCEPTED C
    ACCEPTED S. C. PtIUC SEttVCE COMMISSION GTE Telephone Operations FOR Nations Bank Tower 1301 Gervais Street Suite 625 PROCESSING Columbia, South Carolina 29201 ssttytt B03 254-5736 C. Pl!Sl tC ccqincp rnvtr ~c nu 1999 July I, - 2019 Mr. Gary E. Walsh December Executive Director L ~ The Public Service Commission P. O. Drawer 11649 29211 Columbia, SC 2 1:00 RE; Resale Agreement between GTE South Incorporated and Choctaw Communications, Inc. d/b/a Smoke Signal Communications (" Smoke Signal") PM - Dear Mr. Walsh: SCPSC Enclosed you will find three copies of the above referenced agreement which is being filed with your office for consideration and approval. I am also forwarding a copy of - 1999-315-C same as an electronic file. Should you have any questions concerning this matter please do not hesitate to contact my office. Very truly yours, - Page 1 of STAN J. BUGNER 44 State Director, Government Affairs c: Ms. Maria J. HHanle, Smoke Signal ) ~//" f0* A part of GTE Corporation ACCEPTED ACCEPTED FOR LpECE1VEC. PUSUC SHMCE COMMISSION PROCESSING JUL'L1 4 1999 I: RESALE AGREEMENT EC E IV E - BETWEEN 2019 December GTE SOUTH INCORPORATED 2 AND 1:00 PM - CHOCKTAW COMNIUNICATIONS, INC. SCPSC d/b/a SMOKE SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS - 1999-315-C - Page 2 of 44 SMOKESIG SC42SWS.DOC -289 ACCEPTED TABLE CONTENTS OF FOR ARTICLE I: SCOPE AND INTENT OF AGREEMENT. PROCESSING ARTICLE II: DEFINITIONS .. General Definitions ..... 11-1 1.1 Act .....11-1 1.2 Applicabfik Law. ..... II- 1 1.3 Asks Transfer (AIT) . .... II- 1 1.4 Basic Local Exchange Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Communication: Its History and Recent Progress Govind P
    177 8 Optical Communication: Its History and Recent Progress Govind P. Agrawal 8.1 Historical Perspective – 178 8.2 Basic Concepts Behind Optical Communication – 181 8.2.1 Optical Transmitters and Receivers – 181 8.2.2 Optical Fibers and Cables – 182 8.2.3 Modulations Formats – 184 8.2.4 Channel Multiplexing – 185 8.3 Evolution of Optical Communication from 1975 to 2000 – 187 8.3.1 The First Three Generations – 187 8.3.2 The Fourth Generation – 188 8.3.3 Bursting of the Telecom Bubble in 2000 – 190 8.4 The Fifth Generation – 191 8.5 The Sixth Generation – 192 8.5.1 Capacity Limit of Single-Mode Fibers – 193 8.5.2 Space-Division Multiplexing – 194 8.6 Worldwide Fiber-Optic Communication Network – 195 8.7 Conclusions – 197 References – 198 G.P. Agrawal (*) The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2016 M.D. Al-Amri et al. (eds.), Optics in Our Time, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31903-2_8 178 G.P. Agrawal 8.1 Historical Perspective The use of light for communication purposes dates back to antiquity if we interpret optical communication in a broad sense, implying any communication scheme that makes use of light. Most civilizations have used mirrors, fire beacons, or smoke signals to convey a single piece of information (such as victory in a war). For example, it is claimed that the Greeks constructed in 1084 B.C. a 500-km-long line of fire beacons to convey the news of the fall of Troy [1].
    [Show full text]
  • International Code of Signals
    PUB. 102 INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS FOR VISUAL, SOUND, AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS UNITED STATES EDITION 1969 Edition (Revised 2003) NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY PUB. 102 International Code of Signals As adopted by the Fourth Assembly of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization in 1965 For Visual, Sound, and Radio Communications United States Edition, 1969 (Revised 2003) Prepared and published by the NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2003 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. For sale by the Superintendant of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 PREFACE Pub 102, the 1969 edition of the International Code of Signals, became effective on 1 April 1969, and at that time superseded H.O. Pubs. 103 and 104, International Code of Signals, Volumes I and II. All signals are contained in a single volume suitable for all methods of communication. The First International Code was drafted in 1855 by a Committee set up by the British Board of Trade. It contained 70,000 signals using eighteen flags and was published by the British Board of Trade in 1857 in two parts; the first containing universal and international signals and the second British signals only. The book was adopted by most seafaring nations. This early edition was revised by a Committee set up in 1887 by the British Board of Trade. The Committee’s proposals were discussed by the principal maritime powers and at the International Conference in Washington in 1889.
    [Show full text]
  • WST-600 AUDIO DETECTOR Installation Manual & Users Guide SPECIFICATIONS
    TM WST-600 AUDIO DETECTOR US Patent # 9,087,447 Installation Manual & Users Guide SPECIFICATIONS Frequency: 433.92MHz Operating Temperature: 32°-120°F (0°-49°C) Battery: One 3Vdc lithium CR123A (1550 mAh) Operating Humidity: 5-95% RH non condensing Battery life: 4 years Compatible with 433MHz DSC Security Systems Detection distance: 6 in max Supervisory signal interval: 64 min(approx.) OPERATION The FireFighter™ sensor is designed to listen to any smoke, carbon or combo detector. Once confirmed as an alarm, it will transmit a signal to the alarm control panel which if connected to a central monitoring station, will dispatch the fire department. ENROLLING Follow the instructions provided by your control panel, or wireless receiver manual. The 6 digit serial number is printed on back of each device. To monitor smoke alarms, when prompted by the panel, enter the 6 digit serial number as printed on the device. Use either zone type 88 ( Standard 24 hour fire) or type 87 (Delayed 24 hour fire). Remember to set the wireless bit (bit 8) for that zone attribute. To monitor a CO detector, take the printed serial number and replace the first digit with an 8. For example if the number printed is 436A48, you would use 836A48 as the serial number for the CO portion. Use zone type 81 (24 hour Carbon Monoxide). MOUNTING (see IMAGE: 2) Included with this device is a mounting bracket, hardware and double sided tape. To ensure proper operation ensure the side of the device with the small holes is directly facing the sounder holes on the smoke detector.
    [Show full text]
  • The Denver Catholic Register World Awaits the White Smoke
    THE DENVER CATHOLIC REGISTER. Wed.. Auauel 3.T ISTB ---- i e The Denver Catholic Register WEDNESDAY, AUGUST23, 1978 VOL. LIV NO. 1 Colorado's Largest Weekly 20 PAGES 25 CENTS PER COPY a ! i \ v^. THE HOLY SPIRIT MOVES IN OQ THE CONCLAVE O y-h World Awaits the White Smoke By John Muthig where their peers stand on key issues and what they Papal election rules say that cells must be chosen VATICAN CITY (NC) — As hundreds of the have been up to in their own regions. by lot. curious stream past Pope Paul’s simple tomb below St. Peter's, the College of Cardinals has already U.S. Cardinals Absolute Secrecy unofficially begun electing his successor. All eight U.S. cardinals who will enter the All cardinals are sworn to absolute secrecy, not The commandant of the Swiss Guards and a small conclave —• U.S. Cardinal John Wright, prefect of the only about what goes on in the conclave but also about group of Vatican officials will not seal the oak Vatican Congregation for the Clergy, officially the general congregations. conclave doors officially until 5 p.m. Aug. 25, but the informed fellow cardinals by telegram Aug. 14 that he Each had to take the following oath in the presence cardinals during their daily meetings in baroque, cannot attend for health reasons — are participating of his fellow cardinals: frescoed halls near the basilica have already begun the daily in the meetings (called general congregations) of “We cardinals of the Holy Roman Church ... key process of getting to know one another and sizing the college.
    [Show full text]
  • SMOKE SIGNAL VOLUME 50, ISSUE 8 Serving the Smoke Rise Community Since 1968 November, 2017
    SMOKE SIGNAL VOLUME 50, ISSUE 8 Serving the Smoke Rise Community Since 1968 November, 2017 www.smokesignalnews.com THANKSGIVING: Honoring America the Beautiful By Barbara Bruschi Happy Thanksgiving In 1620, the pilgrims left their homelands to seek freedom in America and to escape from the Smoke Signal Staff! oppression from despots who ruled their lives. In the following year, the Wampanoag Indians shared a 3-day harvest feast with the pilgrims in peace and harmony. On this occasion they all Smoke Rise Academy of the Arts showed their gratitude for the plentiful crops Partners with Smoke Rise Baptist Look inside for… that would enable them to survive a brutal winter. to Benefit Local Food Banks Food Pantry Needs ......................................pg. 2 In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln Students, faculty and parents of Smoke How to be a Good Neighbor ....................pg. 4 declared an official Thanksgiving Day in Rise Academy of the Arts (SRAA) will partner SPLOST and EHOST ....................................pg. 9 November. Thanksgiving would become the with the mission team from Smoke Rise Baptist American holiday when we give thanks for all Church in November for the church’s annual Georgia Pecans on Sale Now! ................... pg. 10 of our daily blessings. It is when families gather Thanksgiving basket food drive. The food to share in the plentiful harvest that graces our collection effort will benefit area families in tables. It is when turkey is king for a day, and need through NETWorks and Lilburn Co-op, all the dressings add to the glorious feast. which will be responsible for distributing the While America has been ravished by Thanksgiving dinner baskets.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal for Scientific Research & Development
    IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 7, Issue 08, 2019 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Artificial Intelligence based Communication Device Gulam Gaush Khan1 Anand Vishwakarma2 1,2B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan (west) -421304, India Abstract— The research is based on the communication then started to inscribe on the caves. We can compare this to device for disable people who are blind. The device has its modern day blogging. The problem with this communication own AI conceptualities or functioning’s. Not only the blind method was it was localized. When inhabitants started person can use it but also the person who are ridding vehicles moving out of the caves, long distance communication or working with busy handed, they can also use for their became very imperative. regular purpose. The users of the device will simple pass the Smoke signal was the first long distance commands through voice and the system will automatically communication. It was used in North America where each recognize the user’s identity by its voice. The voice is tribe has its own signaling system. A smoke from top of the compared in the system from initial configurations settings hill signified danger. Smoke signal was used in Ancient done by the user. The device is very helpful for the new China. The soldiers positioned at the Great Wall would alert generation people, as the growth of technology has increased for danger using smoke signal from tower to tower. In this the people may require such device for their general use. The way could transmit message as far as 750km within a few device is connected to a PDA using a wireless connectivity.
    [Show full text]