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A Preliminary Survey of the Aquatic and Semiaquatic Hemiptera

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A Preliminary Survey of the Aquatic and Semiaquatic Hemiptera Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 1 A preliminary survey of the aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera occurring in the springs of the Railroad Valley, White River, and Amargosa River drainage systems, Nevada and California, with special reference to thermal relicts Dan A. Polhemus Dept. of Entomology, Bishop Museum, P. 0. Box 19000-A, Honolulu, HI 96817 ard John T. Polhemus Univ. of Colorado Museum, 3115 S. York St., Englewood, CO 80110 INTRODUCTION One of the most remarkable concentrations of disjunct and endemic aquatic Hemiptera in North America is found in the thermal refugia of the Railroad Valley, White River, and Amargosa River drainages of Nevada and California. These drainages represent former tributaries to the Colorado system that were continuous systems in the Pliocene and Pleistocene, but have been subsequently dessicated and reduced to discontinous spring fed aquatic refugia. The thermal springs of these three systems contain a large number of endemic aquatic Hemiptera species, as well as many highly disjunct populations of other taxa. The current report details the distributions of these species, addresses certain taxonomic problems relating to them, and considers the biogeographic significance of this thermally relictual fauna. LOCALITIES SAMPLED The information upon which this report is based has been collected by the authors over a period of thirty years, and in many cases the passage of several decades has seen a serious degredation of the aquatic habita~s listed below. For this reason an attempt has been made in the last three years to revisit many of the most critical habitats and &scertain the status of their aquatic Hemiptera faunas. As a result, some habitats have multiple dates and CL (collection locality) numbers listed after them, each representing a separate visit. All of the collections below were made by J. T. and D. A. Polhemus unless otherwise noted; a notation (DAP) indicates only the first author was involved in the survey, and a notation (JTP) indicates only the second author. All specimens collected during these surveys are held in the J. T. Polhemus collection, Englewood, ·colorado. White River Drainage NEVADA, White Pine Co., Lund Town Spring at Lund, 5600 ft., water temp. 19° C., 20 July 1992, CL 2705; 27 June 1993, CL 2895. NEVADA, Nye Co., Emigrant Spring, 17 mi. S. of Lund, 5500 ft., water temp. 20° C., 20 July 1992, CL 2707. NEVADA, Nye Co., Butterfield Springs, near Sunnyside, 5270 ft. , water temp. 17° C. , 27 June 1993, CL 2896. Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 2 NEVADA, Nye Co., Flagg Springs, near Sunnyside, 5280 ft., water temp. 17° C., 27 June 1993, CL 2897. NEVADA, Nye Co., Hot Creek Spring, 6 mi. W. of Sunnyside, 5200 ft ., water temp. 30° C. in spring head and outflow, 24° C. in adjoining marsh, 27 June 1993, CL 2898. NEVADA, White Pine Co., Gardner Ranch Hot Spring, 19 mi. NW of Lund, 6300 ft., water temp. 51 o C. at spring head, 41 o C. in outflow, 20 July 1992, CL 2706 NEVADA, Nye Co., Moorman Warm Spring, SW of Lund, 5300 ft., water temp. 36° C., 20 July 1992, CL 2708; 27 June 1993, CL 2899. NEVADA, Lincoln Co., Hiko Spring at Hiko, 4150 ft., water temp. 26° C., 20 July 1992, CL 2709. NEVADA, Lincoln Co., Crystal Spring, S. of Hiko, 4050 ft., water temp. 28° C., 20 July 1992 and 21 July 1992, CL 2710. NEVADA, Lincoln Co., Ash Warm Springs, 3750 ft ., water temp. 36° C., 21 July 1992, CL 2711. NEVADA, Clark Co., Moapa Warm Springs, N. of Moapa, 1800 ft, water temp. 32° C., 22 February 1964 (JTP), CL 281; 13 April 1968 (JTP), CL 423; 23 November 1984 (DAP); 23 July 1992, CL 2720. Railroad Valley NEVADA, Nye Co., Big Warm Spring at Duckwater, 5800 ft. , water temp. 33° C., 27 June 1993, CL 2893. NEVADA, Nye Co., Little Warm Spring at Duckwater, 5800 ft. , water temp. 33° C., 27 June 1993, CL 2894. NEVADA, Nye Co., spring and outflow crossing highway at Lockes Ranch, 5000 ft., water temp. 32° C. at spring head, 25° C. in outflow, 28 June 1993, CL 2900. NEVADA, Nye Co., outflow stream at Twin Springs, 10 mi. E. of Warm Springs, 5250 ft., water temp. 25° C., 21 July 1992, CL 2712. Amargosa River System CALIFORNIA, lnyo Co., Shoshone Warm Spring at Shoshone, 1800 ft ., water temp. 33° C., 29 June 1993, CL 2904. CALIFORNIA, lnyo Co., Tecopa Hot Springs, 1750 ft., water temp. 37° C., 27 February 1964 (JTP), CL 280; 29 June 1993, CL 2903. CALIFORNIA, San Bernardino Co., Saratoga Spring, Death Valley Nat. Mon., 200 ft., water temp. 28° C., 21 February 1964 (JTP), CL 278; 29 June 1993, CL 2902. CALIFORNIA, lnyo Co., Grapevine Springs, Death Valley Nat. Mon., 2750 ft., water temp. 35° C., 28 June 1993, CL 2901 . CALIFORNIA, lnyo Co., Travertine Spring, Death Valley Nat. Mon., 21 February 1964 (JTP), CL 273; 24 November 1984 (DAP). CALIFORNIA, lnyo Co., Nevares Ranch springs, Death Valley Nat. Mon., 8 April 1968 (JTP), CL 421. NEVADA, Nye Co., Jackrabbit Spring, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 20 February 1964 (JTP), CL 270. NEVADA, Nye Co., Point of Rocks Spring, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 2350 ft ., water temp. 32° C., 20 February 1964 (JTP), CL 269; 25 November 1984 (DAP) ; 22 July 1992, CL 2713. Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 3 NEVADA, Nye Co., North Scruggs Spring, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 2330 ft., water temp. 33° C., 22 July 1992, CL 2714. NEVADA, Nye Co., South Scruggs Spring, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 2330 ft., water temp. 33° C., 22 July 1992, CL 2715. NEVADA, Nye Co., Marsh Spring, Ash Meadows NWR, 2330 ft ., water temp. 31.5° C., 22 July 1992, CL 2716. NEVADA, Nye Co., North Indian Spring, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 2330 ft ., water temp. 31 o C., 22 July 1992, CL 2717. NEVADA, Nye Co., Purgatory Well, Ash Meadows NWR, 2350 ft., water temp. 33.5° C., 22 July 1992, CL 2718. NEVADA, Nye Co., Mary Scott Spring, Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, 2350 ft ., water temp. 28° C., 22 July 1992, CL 2719. Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 4 RESULTS The species collected from the localities in the preceding list are summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1: Aquatic Hemiptera species known from springs in the Amargosa River, White River, and Railroad Valley drainage systems The table below lists the known aquatic Hemiptera faunas of various cold and thermal springs sampled in the major remaining aquatic refugia in these river systems, and indicates the status of the species involved. Codes used in the table are a follows: E = endemic to a single spring or group of springs in close proximity to one another; D = notably disjunct species population. This table also contains data gathered by other collectors, but included so as to provide a more complete faunal profile of each particular spring. Certain thermal spring water temperatures were taken from Waring (1965). Locality Water temp. Tax a present RAILROAD VALLEY Duckwater Big Warm Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma bakeri (D) NAUCORIDAE Pelocoris shoshone shoshone (D) SALDIDAE Micracanthja humjlis ~buenoj Saldula pallipes Little Warm Spring . BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma bakeri (D) NAUCORIDAE Pelocoris shoshone shoshone (D) SALDIDAE Saldula palustris Lockes Ranch spring at highway BELOSTOMATIDAE (name uncertain) Belostoma bakeri (D) CORIXIDAE Corisella decolor Hesperocorixa laeviqata GERRIDAE Gerris qjllettej NOTONECTIDAE Notonecta unifasciata unjfascjata VELIIDAE Microvelia beameri '.. Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 5 Twin Springs Valley Twin Springs CORIXIDAE Hesperocorjxa laeyjgata GERRIDAE Gerrjs gillettej NOTONECTIDAE Notonecta urijfascjata WHITE RIVER SYSTEM Upper White River Lund Town Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma sp. undet.1 (D) CORIXIDAE Graptocorjxa serrulata GERRIDAE Gerris gillettei NOTONECTIDAE Notonecta Jill:b.ri Emigrant Springs BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma saratogae (D) CORIXIDAE Hesperocorjxa laeyjgata GERRIDAE Gerrjs gillettej NOTONECTIDAE Notonecta lslr.tlri SALDIDAE Saldula palustrjs VELIIDAE Microvelia beamerj Butterfield Springs GERRIDAE Aguarius remigis NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus woodburyi (D) Flagg Springs NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus woodburyj (D) Gardner Ranch Hot Spring SALDIDAE Saldula comatula Moorman Hot Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma saratogae (D) CORIXIDAE Hesperocorjxa laevigata GERRIDAE Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 6 Gerrjs gjllettej NOTQ\JECTIDAE Notonecta unjfascjata unjfasciata SALDIDAE Saldula~ Hot Creek Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma & (D) NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus mormon (D) NOTQ\JECTIDAE Notonecta unjfascjata andersonj VELIIDAE Rhagovelia djstincta (D) Pahranagat Valley Hiko Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma sp. (imm. only) CORIXIDAE Hesperocorixa laevigata NOTQ\JECTIDAE Notonecta unjfasciata SALDIDAE Saldula palustris Crystal Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma bakerj (D) HYDROMETRIDAE Hydrometra australis (D) VELIIDAE Rhagovelia distincta (D) Ash Warm Spring BELOSTOMATIDAE Be lostoma bakerj (D) NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus mormon (D) Pelocoris shoshone shoshone (D) Moapa River Moapa Warm Springs BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma fluminium NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus mormon Pelocoris shoshone shoshone (D) Usingerina moapensis (E) VELIIDAE Rhagoyelja ~ (D) Rhagovelia djstincta Polhemus and Polhemus: Aquatic Hemiptera of Desert Hot Springs 7 AMARGOSA RIVER SYSTEM Ash Meadows Point of Rock Springs NAL.JCORIDAE Ambrysus amargosus {E) Pelocorjs shoshone amargosus {D) SALDIDAE Micracantbja bumjlis VELIIDAE Rbagovelja distincta {D) North Scruggs Spring GEL.ASTOCORIDAE Nertbra martini {D) NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus n.sp. {E) South Scruggs Spring NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus n.sp. {E) Pelocorjs shoshone amargosus VELIIDAE Microvelia sp. Marsh Spring 31.5° C. NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus n.sp. {E) North Indian Spring 30° C. NAL.JCORIDAE Ambrysus n.sp. {E) Purgatory Well 33.5° C. BELOSTOMATIDAE Belostoma saratogae {D) NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus sp. undet. {imm. only) Pelocoris shoshone amargosus {D) NOTONECTIDAE Notonecta unifasciata unifasciata VELIIDAE Mjcrovelia sp. Mary Scott Spring NAL.JCORIDAE Pelocoris shoshone amamosus {D) Shaft/Chalk Spring ?? NAUCORIDAE Ambrysus sp. undet. {imm. only) Pelocorjs shoshone amargosus {D) Claypit Spring ?? NAUCORIDAE Pelocoris shQshone amargQsus {D) Jackrabbit Spring ?? NAL.JCORIDAE Ambrysus mQ rmon {D) ·.
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