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A Bibliography of Single Homelessness Research

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A Bibliography of Single Homelessness Research A bibliography of single homelessness research Susanne Klinker and Suzanne Fitzpatrick The•POLICY P P PRESS First published in Great Britain in April 2000 by The Policy Press 34 Tyndall’s Park Road Bristol BS8 1PY UK Tel no +44 (0)117 954 6800 Fax no +44 (0)117 973 7308 E-mail [email protected] http://www.bristol.ac.uk/Publications/TPP © The Policy Press and the Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2000 Published for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation by The Policy Press ISBN 1 86134 256 X Susanne Klinker is a Researcher and Suzanne Fitzpatrick is Lecturer in Housing and Social Policy at the Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation has supported this project as part of its programme of research and innovative development projects, which it hopes will be of value to policy makers, practitioners and service users. The facts presented and views expressed in this report are, however, those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Foundation. Acknowledgement The Joseph Rowntree Foundation thanks CRASH, the construction and property industry charity for the single homeless, for its support with this project. CRASH were partners in discussions which led to the Foundation funding this initiative, and have been important members of the Advisory Group which provided guidance to the research team. One of the objectives of the initiative is to make the most robust research information available to agencies who are trying to improve their services to homeless people. CRASH have made this possible by generously supporting the distribution of this work to key agencies. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the authors and contributors and not of The University of Bristol or The Policy Press. The University of Bristol and The Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. The Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design by Qube Design Associates, Bristol Front cover photograph supplied by Mark Simmons Photography Printed in Great Britain by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Southampton Contents Homelessness review keywords v •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Introduction 1 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 General homelessness 3 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2 The legal framework 7 Homelessness law 7 Community care 8 1989 Children Act/1995 Children (Scotland) Act 9 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 Extent of homelessness 11 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 Groups of homeless people 13 Asylum seekers and immigrants 13 Care leavers 13 Ethnicity/Ethnic minorities 14 Ex-prisoners 15 Ex-services 15 Gender 15 Hidden homeless 16 Migrants 17 Older people 17 Owner-occupiers 19 Rough sleepers 19 Runaways 21 Rural/Coastal homelessness 22 Survivors of sexual abuse 24 Women 24 Young people 26 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5 Aspects of life affected by homelessness 35 Health 35 Health (general) 35 Physical health 37 Mental health 38 Healthcare 41 Alcohol 42 Drugs 43 Suicide/Self-harm 44 Housing 44 Benefits 49 Employment/Training 50 iii A bibliography of single homelessness research Education 51 Family relationships 51 The Big Issue/Self-help 52 Begging 53 Crime/Criminal justice system 54 Media representations 55 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6 Responses to homelessness 56 Provision of accommodation 56 Bed & Breakfast 56 Emergency shelters 56 Foyers 57 Furnished flats 58 Hostels 58 Temporary accommodation 60 Support services 61 Advice services 61 Day centres 62 Floating support 62 Outreach work 63 Private sector access schemes 63 Prevention 63 Resettlement work 65 Rough Sleepers Initiative (RSI) 67 Homeless Mentally Ill Initiative (HMII) 68 Local authorities 69 Business involvement 70 Strategic/Multi-agency working 70 Resource material/Good practice guides 71 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7 Research methods 74 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 Selected international literature 76 International comparison 76 International material 78 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Appendix: Organisations to contact 80 iv Homelessness review keywords access to healthcare ethnicity access to housing eviction access to services ex-prisoners accommodation preferences ex-services advice experiences advice services extent of homelessness alcohol family relationships asylum seekers floating support asylum seekers/refugees foyers Bed & Breakfast funding mechanisms begging furnished accommodation benefits furniture business involvement gay and lesbian issues campaigning gender care leavers gender differences causes good practice characteristics of homeless people good practice guide children health Children Acts hidden homelessness coastal homelessness HIV/Aids community care HMII (Homeless Mentally Ill Initiative) crime homelessness law day centres hostels definitions housing aid direct access accommodation housing aspirations drugs housing associations dual diagnoses housing benefit economic activity housing management education housing needs emergency accommodation housing problems emergency shelters housing rights employment housing stock ethnic minorities identity v A bibliography of single homelessness research immigrants runaways intentionality rural homelessness international comparison self-harm international material self-help interventions sexual abuse law/legal issues social exclusion learning disabilities social housing leaving institutions social inclusion literature review social isolation local authorities social work services local connection statistics media representations statutory homelessness men stigmatisation mental health strategic working migration/mobility street culture money problems suicide mortgages support needs move on accommodation support services multi-agency working supported accommodation multiple needs temporary accommodation myths tenancy breakdown older people tenancy rights outreach work The Big Issue overview theory owner-occupiers tied accommodation physical abuse training physical health transitional accommodation police unemployment policing responses user participation poverty victimisation predictors violence prevention voluntary agencies priority need volunteers private renting vulnerability project evaluation ‘wet’ provision prostitution women rent young people rent deposits research methods resettlement work resource material responses risk factors rough sleepers RSI (Rough Sleepers Initiative) vi Introduction How to use this bibliography ISSN numbers are provided wherever possible to facilitate locating the material through This bibliography is intended to complement the booksellers. overview report (Fitzpatrick et al, 2000) and research summaries (Klinker et al, 2000) To find material on single homelessness the produced by our review of single homelessness following sources are useful: research in Britain since 1990. • the national homelessness agencies, such as Shelter, Crisis, National Homeless Alliance, The bibliography is structured by topics, and Shelter Scotland and Scottish Council for there are multiple entries of some items if they Single Homeless; are centrally concerned with more than one • key government departments or agencies topic. Within each topic the entries are ordered concerned with homelessness, such as the alphabetically by author. A list of key words is Department of the Environment, Transport also provided under each bibliographic entry, to and the Regions, Scottish Homes, The Scottish indicate the subject matter covered. Executive and The Housing Corporation; • The Planning Exchange; If an entry is marked with an asterisk (*) this • The
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