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Software Defined Modems for “The Internet of Things”

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Software Defined Modems for “The Internet of Things” Software Defined Modems for “The Internet of Things” Dr. John Haine, IP Operations Manager www.cognovo.com What things? “20 billion connected devices” Manufactured for global markets Low cost Lifetimes from months to decades Different... Networks Frequencies Protocols Evolving networks & spectrum allocations Versatility & programmability required 2 Multiple systems and bands Cellular Conventional cellular GSM, HSPA, LTE(A), bands, 400 – 2600 MHz EVDO, WiMax,... License-exempt – 2400 & Short range 5800 MHz WiFi, Zigbee, UWB, “Digital Dividend” Bluetooth,... spectrum Emerging techniques “Shared” bands “WhiteSpace” Other systems Tetra & derivatives 3 Focus on the radio modem “Apps” IP packets Digital processing OS – Android etc. Modem – HSPA, LTE etc I/Q stream Radio “Photons” 4 Relative computational load for LTE Video decoder: ~500 MO/s DSP arithmetic: ~50 GO/s LTE Modem 5 Baseband Complexity 500 450 LTE-A 1Gbps 300GOp/s ...Arithmetic 400 350 300 250 LTE 200 50GOp/s Bitrate, Bitrate, Mbps 60 150 LTE-A HSPA+ LTE 100 20GOp/s 50 GPRS HSPA HSPA+ 200MOp/s 5GOp/s 50 GSM 0 40 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 HSPA 30 WCDMA 20 Bit shuffling... 10 GPRS GSM Cumulative, Modulation Cumulative, Modulation & Coding Schemes 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 6 Conventional Modem Architecture Applications Protocol Layer 1 Stack H/w Drivers Software Hardware DSP Protocol Dedicated Processor arithmetic System hardware RF 7 Conventional Modem Architecture Hardware is inflexible Different / upgraded / new protocols Multi-mode needs separate hardware engines – increases chip area & cost Distributed memory less efficient, increases area / cost Difficult development process FPGA prototyping cannot fully model final device Software development depends on chip availability Hardware bugs need software work-arounds which may not be ideal Cost of large chip developments rising exponentially Need to amortise over maximum number of applications 8 Product development – the software paradigm Processor System Application software Drivers “Real-world” interfaces My PC is a... Software development... Typewriter Is well understood Calculator Allows continuous improvement Phone “Infinite flexibility” TV receiver A platform for unpredictable Music player products ...often simultaneously! 9 Example - universal radio/TV receiver for the PC http://www.crestatech.com/products/ctc200.html http://www.mirics.com/ 10 Software Defined Modem (a/k/a SDR) Processor System Application software Drivers Multi-band radio module Hardware architecture becomes standards – independent Simplify production logistics – single hardware platform for multiple standards & standards combinations – the “world modem” Update firmware in the field to fix problems and/or change air interface Extend product lifetime 11 Barriers to SDM Computation load – Moore’s Law is not enough! As geometry gets smaller, voltage gets lower, clock speeds static or decreasing Overall single processor Mips/MHz/mW stops improving Large processor systems have to become multi-core Standards complexity Ever more complex modulation & coding schemes Wider RF bandwidth Need for legacy support Management of task scheduling within and amongst protocols RF technology Wideband operation, multiple frequencies Time and frequency duplex modes 12 Lifting the barriers Vectorisation Operate on large blocks of samples (vectors) (e.g. FFT) SIMD computing architectures apply same operation on multiple data values in the same processor cycle - vector arithmetic Multi-processing VLIW computing architectures allow multiple operations on independent data in the same processor cycle Multiple processors on same die to increase MiPs/MHz/mW Novel hardware architectures to enable deterministic performance Programming Automatic compilers to support multiprocessing SDM OS to support task scheduling across multiple cores System tools for multiprocessing design, development and debug 13 Lifting the barriers Integrated RF technologies New methods such as MEMs for RF switching Monolithic filtering technologies such as FBARs DPD / ET for efficient wideband power amplifiers Multi-mode & multi-band integrated radios 14 Software Defined Modem (SDM) Applications Protocol Plane Control Plane Data Plane Design Environment Physical Layer 1 Modem specific Layers 2, 3, 4 Layer operation Protocol System Stack System PHY Kernel integration & SDM-OS SDK Library modelling Software Hardware Modem Compute Engine Kernel PHY coding & Generic s/w Protocol SDK optimisation execution Processor Layer 1 PHY environment System Processor Processor DigRF RADIO 15 Ideal M2M module architecture Modem Flexible broadband RF Interfaces Software defined modem All signal processing in programmable processor Microcontroller system Air interface defined by software download, at any stage in product life- cycle yields... DSP One hardware platform for all standards Upgrade / change air interface during end-product manufacture or after sale RF transceiver 16 Standardisation & regulatory barriers to SDM Mode incompatibility Device may need to be multiple-network aware Protocols need to permit “listening” for “foreign” air- interfaces – difficult for “legacy” modes Approvals Approvals given for defined hardware platform and software version – SW version may change frequently as bugfixes & improvements are made Tests may need to recognise operation in “foreign” modes Separate approval regimes may apply to modes in the same device 17 SDM as an enabler for the “Internet of Things” Advances in silicon integration & computer architectures now allow advanced radio modems to be implemented in software (the “software defined radio”) RF technology allows multi-band / multimode operation Future products will be able to have a single radio platform to provide radio connectivity across many diverse networks and bands - massive scale economies can result Standards and approvals regimes need to adapt to the new possibilities that SDM creates 18.
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