Virtual Futures for Design, Construction & Procurement
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P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 Virtual Futures for Design, Construction & Procurement i P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 ii P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 Virtual Futures for Design, Construction & Procurement Edited by Peter Brandon Director of Salford University Think Lab and Centre for Virtual Environment and Director Strategic Programmes School of the Built Environment University of Salford, UK Tuba Kocaturk¨ Coordinator of Digital Design Programmes in Architecture Co-chair FFD International (IASS) School of the Built Environment University of Salford, UK Foreword by William J. Mitchell Massachusetts Institute of Technology iii P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 c 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing editorial offices: Blackwell Science Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1865 776868 Blackwell Publishing Inc., 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA Tel: +1 781 388 8250 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd, 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia Tel: +61 (0)3 8359 1011 The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. First published 2008 ISBN: 978-1-4051-7024-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Virtual futures for design, construction & procurement / edited by Peter Brandon, Tuba Kocaturk.¨ p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-7024-6 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-7024-7 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Building–Data processing. I. Brandon, P. S. (Peter S.) II. Kocaturk,¨ Tuba. TH153.V55 2008 690.0285–dc22 2007039586 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 9.5/12 pt Palatino by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India Printed and bound in Singapore by C.O.S Printers Pte Ltd The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com iv P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 Contents Note on editors page vii List of contributors viii Note on Think Lab xii Acknowledgements xiii Foreword – Virtual worlds, virtual prototypes, and design xiv William J. Mitchell Introduction – Virtually there. ? xxi Peter Brandon PART 1 DESIGN, ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES 1 1 Emerging paradigms and models in digital design – Performance-based architectural design 3 Rivka Oxman 2 Algorithmic design optimization 21 Manfred Grohmann and Oliver Tessmann 3 VR or PR: Virtual or physical reality? 35 Anthony Thorpe, Richard A. Buswell, Rupert C. Soar and Alistair G. F. Gibb 4 Digital affordances: Emerging knowledge and cognition in design 47 Tuba Kocaturk¨ PART 2 CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTATION: FROM VIRTUAL THROUGH TO CONSTRUCTION 57 5 One Island East, Hong Kong: A case study in construction virtual prototyping 59 Martin Riese 6 The virtual building: A designer’s perspective 72 Martin Simpson PART 3 CHALLENGES FOR VISUALIZATION AND SIMULATION 87 7 Planning and scheduling in a virtual prototyping environment 89 Andrew Baldwin, C. W. Kong, T. Huang, H. L. Guo, K. D. Wong and Heng Li 8 Reshaping the life cycle process with virtual design and construction methods 104 Martin Fischer v P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 vi Contents 9 Virtual prototyping from need to pre-construction 113 Robin Drogemuller 10 The need for creativity enhancing design tools 131 Souheil Soubra PART 4 CHALLENGES FOR INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE MODELLING 145 11 Context-aware virtual prototyping 147 Chimay J. Anumba and Zeeshan Aziz 12 nD modelling, present and future 158 Ghassan Aouad, Song Wu and Angela Lee 13 Interoperable knowledge: Achievements and future challenges 171 Yacine Rezgui and Simona Barresi 14 Knowledge management systems in the future 192 Matthew Bacon PART 5 OTHER CHALLENGES: AGENT TECHNOLOGIES, SECURITY, REGULATIONS AND MANAGEMENT CONTROL 211 15 Future agent-driven virtual prototyping environments in construction 213 Joseph H. M. Tah 16 The nature of virtuality and the need for enhanced security in the virtual world 230 Grahame S. Cooper 17 The future of virtual construction and regulation checking 241 Nicholas Nisbet, Jeffrey Wix and David Conover 18 Virtual prototyping of financial flows as a form of management control 251 Richard J. Boland, Jr, Fred Collopy, Julia Grant and Lin Zhao PART 6 VISIONS, ROADMAPS AND FUTURE SCENARIOS 259 19 VR – Roadmap: A vision for 2030 in the built environment 261 Nashwan Dawood, R. Marasini and John Dean 20 Future collaborative workspaces for the construction industry 278 Terrence Fernando 21 The future organization: Sustainable competitiveness through virtual prototyping 290 Mustafa Alshawi Index 305 P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 Note on editors Professor Peter Brandon, DSc, DEng, MSc (Arch), FRICS, ASAQS Director of Salford University Think Lab and Director Strategic Programmes, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, UK. Professor Brandon is a former Pro-Vice- Chancellor for research at the University of Salford, the only UK University to be awarded a 6-star rating in the Built Environment within the independent UK research assessment exercise. His research interests range across con- struction economics and management, information- and knowledge-based systems for construction and, more recently, sustainable development. He has published widely, including 17 books as author, co-author and editor plus over 250 papers worldwide. Several of the outputs of his research have resulted in commercial projects. He has played a significant role in UK Construction Research Policy, including serv- ing as Chairman of the UK Science and Engineering Research Council Panel for Con- struction and as Chairman of the UK Research Assessment Exercise Panel for the Built Environment (1996 and 2001). Dr Tuba Kocaturk,¨ (PhD, MSc, BArch) is an ar- chitect, researcher and a lecturer in Architectural Design and Technology. She is the Programme Coordinator, Digital Design Programmes in Architecture, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, UK. She co-founded and is current Co-chair of the Free-Form Design Sub-working Group of the IASS (International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures). Her main research in- terests are digital design tools and processes, CAAD/CAE/CAM process integration, cogni- tive models in digital design education and design knowledge modelling. She has given various lectures and conducted workshops at international level. vii P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January 18, 2008 10:30 Contributors Professor Mustafa Alshawi Director, Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment University of Salford, UK Professor Chimay J. Anumba Professor of Construction Engineering and Informatics, and Director, Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Engineering Loughborough University, UK Professor Ghassan Aouad Dean, Faculty of Business, Law and the Built Environment University of Salford, UK Dr Zeeshan Aziz Research Associate Loughborough University, UK Professor Matthew Bacon, FRSA Chief Technology Officer, Integrated FM Limited Warwick, UK Professor Andrew Baldwin Professor of Construction Management Loughborough University, UK Ms Simona Barresi Academic Fellow, Informatics Research Institute University of Salford, UK Professor Richard J. Boland, Jr Professor of Information Systems, Weatherhead School of Management Case Western Reserve University, USA; and Judge Business School University of Cambridge, UK Professor Peter Brandon Director of Salford University Think Lab and Director Strategic Programmes, School of the Built Environment University of Salford, UK Dr Richard A. Buswell Lecturer, Department of Civil and Building Engineering Loughborough University, UK viii P1: SFK/RPW P2: SFK/RPW QC: SFK/RPW T1: SFK BLUK143-FM BLUK143-Brandon January