RESEARCH ARTICLE Evidence of compounded disturbance effects on vegetation recovery following high-severity wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak Amanda R. Carlson1,2*, Jason S. Sibold2, Timothy J. Assal3, Jose F. NegroÂn4 1 Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 2 Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 3 U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of a1111111111 America, 4 U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of a1111111111 America a1111111111 *
[email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreaks are rapidly spreading throughout subal- OPEN ACCESS pine forests of the Rocky Mountains, raising concerns that altered fuel structures may Citation: Carlson AR, Sibold JS, Assal TJ, NegroÂn increase the ecological severity of wildfires. Although many recent studies have found no JF (2017) Evidence of compounded disturbance conclusive link between beetle outbreaks and increased fire size or canopy mortality, few effects on vegetation recovery following high- studies have addressed whether these combined disturbances produce compounded severity wildfire and spruce beetle outbreak. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0181778. https://doi.org/10.1371/ effects on short-term vegetation recovery. We tested for an effect of spruce beetle outbreak journal.pone.0181778 severity on vegetation recovery in the West Fork Complex fire in southwestern Colorado, Editor: Ben Bond-Lamberty, Pacific Northwest USA, where much of the burn area had been affected by severe spruce beetle outbreaks in National Laboratory, UNITED STATES the decade prior to the fire.