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Report on Communtiy Safety Conference COMMUNITY SECURITY Communities Meeting the Challenges of Armed Violence in the Sudan & Democratic Republic of Congo Border Region REPORT ON COMMUNTIY SECURITY WORKSHOP Yei, 28th – 30th September 2005 Group Photo of participants (28th September, 2005) Organized by : Sudan Catholic Bishops & Pax Christi Netherlands Regional Conference Community security workshop in Yei September 2005 Table of Contents Acknowledgement: ....................................................................................... 4 Preface: ....................................................................................................... 5 Background:................................................................................................. 6 Objective of the conference:.......................................................................... 8 Expected results: .......................................................................................... 8 Opening speeches: ....................................................................................... 8 Presentations: ............................................................................................ 10 1. DDR presentation.............................................................................. 10 2. Report on Cross Border Crimes – Yambio Diocese:............................... 12 3. Report on Cross-Border Crimes – Yei Diocese:..................................... 13 4. Survey From Garamba (Congo) And Lontoto (Sudan) National Parks: .... 13 5. The history of small arms proliferation in the region: ........................... 15 6. Addressing insecurity in Eastern Equatoria: ......................................... 17 7. THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN IN CONTROLLING OF SMALL ARMS: . 18 Group Discussions: Problems and Action:...................................................... 19 Local: ..................................................................................................... 19 Regional: ................................................................................................ 21 Action plans: .............................................................................................. 23 Yei – Group:............................................................................................ 23 Tombura Diocese for Yambio, Maridi, Ezo and S/Yobu):.............................. 24 NGOs Sector, representatives from the WHO, UNHCR, Shalom Sudan, Small Arms Control South Sudan: ...................................................................... 25 CLOSING REMARKS: ................................................................................... 26 CONCLUSIONS: .......................................................................................... 27 Appendices................................................................................................. 28 Appendix 1: Programme.......................................................................... 28 Appendix 2: List of Participants:............................................................... 31 Appendix 3: Report on cross-border crimes - Tombura/Yambio Diocese: ...... 32 Appendix 4: Report on Cross-Border Crimes – Yei Diocese:........................ 33 Appendix 5: Controlling Small Arms as international coalition ..................... 37 Appendix 6: Terms of Reference - Survey.................................................. 40 3 Community security workshop in Yei September 2005 Acknowledgement: The conference had to change in programming and participation on the very last days. Pax Christi staff used the days prior to departure from the Netherlands talking with security people and partners in the Sudan to find ways to get the participants from DRC to the Sudan. At the last moment we had to give up. It was only due to the flexibility of the participants from both sides to adjust to the new setting: two separate workshops in stead of one bilingual workshop. In particular I would like to thank the Bishop of Yei for hosting and opening our workshop. In moments of political, economical and social restructuring and regional insecurity, it is clearly needed to have spiritual guidance joining into a vision and hope that is deeper than our contemporain defeats and glories. At the same time the church has the authority from the people to speak with a prophetic voice to the civil authorities. This requires an insight into the biblical hopes but also the political realities of today. We are therefore grateful for the encouraging words of the Lordships Arkulano and Hillary. The organisation of the conference in a moment of change, just after the inauguration and death of Dr Garang, and the civil unrest thereafter has not been easy. Despite his many tasks, and not the least his work on the constitution review committee, Robert Ladu Loki managed to organise the conference and facilitate the surveys. Together with the dedicated support of Mrs Dinah the SCBRC has shown again to be a wonderful partner to work with. I would like to thank Micha Hollestelle for his willingness to join at a very last notice and Lt. Col. Monyjok who has persisted in being present at our workshop on small arms and community security despite his other duties. The workshop was successful as it succeeded in bringing together civil society and the SPLM to make a start on talking on modalities to build community security and to disarm. The participants acknowledged the importance of the regional context and future meetings with the Congolese counterparts are still on the agenda. In particular the Justice and peace committees have gone home with action plans that are relevant in building community security. The idea was born to start the South Sudan Action Network on Small Arms as part of the world wide International Action Network on Small Arms. Special thanks go to Samuel Bidal Ganya who assisted with great sense of responsibility to care for the logistics and smooth running of the workshop. Finally I would like to thank David, manager of the Crop Institute and his staff for the good support during our stay and even providing outdoor entertainment. Edwin Ruigrok Pax Christi Netherlands Ellecom, Friday, 21 October 2005 4 Community security workshop in Yei September 2005 Preface: The political instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan has led to lawlessness that flows over the border of the two countries. This is worsened by the existence of illegal and uncontrolled proliferation of small arms and light weapons. It is on this note that Pax Christi, Netherlands and Sudan Catholic Bishops’ Regional Conference decided to hold a workshop that would involve participants from Congo and Sudan to share the problems experienced along this border and work out modalities to address them. Participants were selected based on the Catholic administrative boundaries namely, the Dioceses of Yambio and Yei (Sudan) and Dioceses of Dungu and Mahagi (Democratic Republic of Congo). The original aim of the meeting was to confer counterparts from the dioceses of Mahagi and Dungu to share the information from both sides of the borders. Pax Christi Netherlands would then provide the necessary translation between the French speaking Congolese and the English speaking Sudanese. Due to the insecurity situation experienced due to the LRA movement from the Yei area to the town of Aba a few days before the dates of the conference, Pax Christi advised by the Bishop of Mahagi had to cancel the travel of participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo to South Sudan. The team of Pax Christi split and the conference went on but in separation; Congolese holding their conference in Congo and the Sudanese participants holding theirs in Yei from the 28th – 30th of September, 2005. Because of the different participation and consequent different character of the meeting, the original programme was adapted and the title changed from ‘Good neighbourliness conference between the Congo and the Sudan’ into Community security workshop. A pre-conference survey was carried out within the areas covered by the two Catholic Dioceses; Tombura/Yambio and Yei before the conference. The diocese of Yambio covered the areas along the border from Maridi to Bor and the Diocese of Yei covered Tore to Kaya area. 5 Community security workshop in Yei September 2005 Background: The proliferation of small arms has resulted in devastating consequences in particular among pastoralist societies in the Great lakes area and the Horn of Africa. Meanwhile governments fail to protect the lives and livelihoods of local communities who in turn do not have another choice than to protect themselves. Communities consequently arm themselves and are often part and parcel of dynamic arms trades. Earlier cases of disarmament has shown that unilateral, top-down imposed disarmaments result in poor cooperation from the local communities or lead to vulnerable communities and consequent increased violence1. Earlier research for conferences in Jinja2 and Arua also revealed that most of the pastoral communities use their weapons for self-defence (indicating absence of the state when it comes to law enforcement) and not for raiding. Scarcity of natural resources, increasing during the dry season put a lot of pressure on the communities to survive resulting in raids, theft, killings and vengeance. Trafficking showed to be very profitable with margins of almost 400%, while corruption within the low-paid army, customs and security officers aggravates the situation. Next to the collateral proliferation of
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